matplotlib 绘制柱状图的几个例子

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1 error bar

#!/usr/bin/env python
# a bar plot with errorbars
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as pltN = 5
menMeans = (20, 35, 30, 35, 27)
menStd = (2, 3, 4, 1, 2)ind = np.arange(N) # the x locations for the groups
width = 0.35 # the width of the barsfig, ax = plt.subplots()
rects1 = ax.bar(ind, menMeans, width, color='r', yerr=menStd)womenMeans = (25, 32, 34, 20, 25)
womenStd = (3, 5, 2, 3, 3)
rects2 = ax.bar(ind + width, womenMeans, width, color='y', yerr=womenStd)# add some text for labels, title and axes ticks
ax.set_ylabel('Scores')
ax.set_title('Scores by group and gender')
ax.set_xticks(ind + width)
ax.set_xticklabels(('G1', 'G2', 'G3', 'G4', 'G5'))ax.legend((rects1[0], rects2[0]), ('Men', 'Women'))def autolabel(rects):
# attach some text labels
for rect in rects:
height = rect.get_height()
ax.text(rect.get_x() + rect.get_width()/2., 1.05*height,
'%d' % int(height),
ha='center', va='bottom')autolabel(rects1)
autolabel(rects2)plt.show()

2 绘制两个量，一个在上，一个在下.关键点在于

p2 = plt.bar(ind, OECD, width, color = 'b', bottom = NonOECD) 这个bottom参数

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as pltN = 7
OECD = (242, 244, 255, 263, 269, 276, 285)
NonOECD = (282, 328, 375, 417, 460, 501, 535)
Sum = ('', '', '', '', '', '', '')
ind = np.arange(N)
width = 0.5p1 = plt.bar(ind, NonOECD, width, color = 'r')
p2 = plt.bar(ind, OECD, width, color = 'b', bottom = NonOECD)plt.ylabel('Quadrillion Btu')
plt.title('World Total Energy Consumption 2010 - 2040')
plt.xticks(ind+width/2., ('', '', '', '', '', '', ''))
plt.yticks(np.arange(0, 1001, 200))
plt.legend((p1[0], p2[0]), ('Non - OECD', 'OECD'), loc = 2, frameon = 'false')
plt.tick_params(top = 'off', bottom = 'off', right = 'off')
plt.grid(axis = 'y', linestyle = '-')plt.show()