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lettuce行为驱动框架实例
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练习：
一：e1_MyFirstBDD 使用方法的方式实现阶乘的计算
zero.feature:
Feature: Compute factorial
In order to play with Lettuce
As beginners
We'll implement factorial Scenario: Factorial of 0
Given I have the number 0
When I compute its factorial
Then I see the number 1 Scenario: Factorial of 1
Given I have the number 1
When I compute its factorial
Then I see the number 1 Scenario: Factorial of 2
Given I have the number 2
When I compute its factorial
Then I see the number 2 Scenario: Factorial of 3
Given I have the number 3
When I compute its factorial
Then I see the number 6 steps.py:
#encoding=utf-8
from lettuce import * # 用于计算整数的阶乘函数
def factorial(number):
number = int(number)
if (number == 0) or (number == 1):
return 1
else:
return reduce(lambda x, y: x * y, range(1, number + 1)) #取出数据
@step('I have the number (\d+)')
def have_the_number(step, number):
# 将通过正则表达式匹配的数字存于全局变量world中
#world是公用的，不能变
#step对应的是I have the number，number参数名字是自定义的
world.number = int(number) #用测试数据调用测试方法
@step('I compute its factorial')
def compute_its_factorial(step):
# 从全局变量world中取出匹配的数字，
# 计算其阶乘，并将结果再存回world中
world.number = factorial(world.number) #断言实际结果和期望结果是否一致
@step('I see the number (\d+)')
def check_number(step, expected):
# 通过正则匹配到预期数字
expected = int(expected)
# 断言计算阶乘结果是否等于预期
assert world.number == expected, "Got %d" %world.number
二：e2_MyFirstBDD 使用类的方式实现阶乘的计算
steps.py:
#encoding=utf-8
#这个例子是通过类的方式实现的
from lettuce import world, steps def factorial(number):
number = int(number)
if (number == 0) or (number == 1):
return 1
else:
return reduce(lambda x, y: x * y, range(1, number + 1)) @steps
class FactorialSteps(object):
"""Methods in exclude or starting with _ will not be considered as step"""
#定义哪些方法不需要执行，排除
exclude = ['set_number', 'get_number'] def __init__(self, environs):
# 初始全局变量
self.environs = environs def set_number(self, value):
# 设置全局变量中的number变量的值
# 实际上self.environs=world
self.environs.number = int(value) def get_number(self):
# 从全局变量中取出number的值
return self.environs.number #私有方法默认也不是测试步骤
def _assert_number_is(self, expected, msg="Got %d"):
number = self.get_number()
# 断言
assert number == expected, msg % number def have_the_number(self, step, number):
'''I have the number (\d+)'''
# 上面的三引号引起的代码必须写，并且必须是三引号引起
# 表示从场景步骤中获取需要的数据
# 并将获得数据存到环境变量number中
self.set_number(number) def i_compute_its_factorial(self, step):
"""When I compute its factorial"""
number = self.get_number()
# 调用factorial方法进行阶乘结算，
# 并将结算结果存于全局变量中的number中
self.set_number(factorial(number)) def check_number(self, step, expected):
'''I see the number (\d+)'''
# 上面的三引号引起的代码必须写，并且必须是三引号引起
# 表示从场景步骤中获取需要的数据以便断言测试结果
self._assert_number_is(int(expected)) #world可以理解为一个类，存全局共享变量的对象
FactorialSteps(world)
三：e3_StepDataTables 基于表格的方式实现查找出名字以"G"开头的学生
student.feature
Feature: bill students alphabetically
In order to bill students properly
As a financial specialist
I want to bill those which name starts with some letter Scenario: Bill students which name starts with "G"
Given I have the following students in my database:
| name | monthly_due | billed |
| Anton | $ 500 | no |
| Jack | $ 400 | no |
| Gabriel | $ 300 | no |
| Gloria | $ 442.65 | no |
| Ken | $ 907.86 | no |
| Leonard | $ 742.84 | no |
When I bill names starting with "G"
Then I see those billed students:
| name | monthly_due | billed |
| Gabriel | $ 300 | no |
| Gloria | $ 442.65 | no |
And those that weren't:
| name | monthly_due | billed |
| Anton | $ 500 | no |
| Jack | $ 400 | no |
| Ken | $ 907.86 | no |
| Leonard | $ 742.84 | no | step.py:
#encoding=utf-8
from lettuce import * #基于表格数据来做测试
@step('I have the following students in my database:')
def students_in_database(step):
#获取自然语言写的表格数据，用哈希的方法，返回的是个列表
if step.hashes:
# 如果存在步骤表格数据，则继续后续步骤
print type(step.hashes)
assert step.hashes == [
{
'name': 'Anton',
'monthly_due': '$ 500',
'billed': 'no'
},
{
'name': 'Jack',
'monthly_due': '$ 400',
'billed': 'no'
},
{
'name': 'Gabriel',
'monthly_due': '$ 300',
'billed': 'no'
},
{
'name': 'Gloria',
'monthly_due': '$ 442.65',
'billed': 'no'
},
{
'name': 'Ken',
'monthly_due': '$ 907.86',
'billed': 'no'
},
{
'name': 'Leonard',
'monthly_due': '$ 742.84',
'billed': 'no'
},
] #通过正则获取到的(.*)这个分组，给参数startAlpha
@step('I bill names starting with "(.*)"')
def match_starting(step, startAlpha):
# 将通过正则表达式匹配步骤中最后一个字母，
# 并存于全局变量startAlpha中
world.startAlpha = startAlpha
print "no data exist:",step.hashes
print "" @step('I see those billed students:')
def get_starting_with_G_student(step):
#遍历步骤数据表中的数据
for i in step.hashes:
# 断言学生的名字是否以world.startAlpha变量存取的字母开头ͷ
assert i["name"].startswith(world.startAlpha) @step("those that weren't:")
def result(step):
for j in step.hashes:
# 断言学生名字不以world.startAlpha变量存取的的字母开头ͷ
assert world.startAlpha not in j["name"][0]
四：e4_English_example 英文模板
sogou.feature
Feature: Search in Sogou website
In order to Search in Sogou website
As a visitor
We'll search the NBA best player Scenario: Search NBA player
Given I have the english name "<search_name>"
When I search it in Sogou website
Then I see the entire name "<search_result>" Examples:
| search_name | search_result |
| Jordan | Michael |
| Curry | Stephen |
| Kobe | Bryant | sogou.py:
#encoding=utf-8
from lettuce import *
from selenium import webdriver
import time @step('I have the english name "(.*)"')
def have_the_searchWord(step, searchWord):
world.searchWord = str(searchWord)
print world.searchWord @step('I search it in Sogou website')
def search_in_sogou_website(step):
world.driver = webdriver.Ie(executable_path = "c:\\IEDriverServer")
world.driver.get("http://www.sogou.com")
world.driver.find_element_by_id("query").send_keys(world.searchWord)
world.driver.find_element_by_id("stb").click()
time.sleep(3) @step('I see the entire name "(.*)"')
def check_result_in_sogou(step, searchResult):
assert searchResult in world.driver.page_source, "got word:%s" %searchResult
world.driver.quit() 五：e5_Chinese_example 中文模板
baidu.feature：
#encoding=utf-8
# language: zh-CN 特性: 在百度网址搜索IT相关书籍
能够搜索到书的作者，比如吴晓华 场景: 在百度网站搜索IT相关书籍
如果将搜索词设定为书的名字"<书名>"
当打开百度网站
和在搜索输入框中输入搜索的关键词，并点击搜索按钮后
那么在搜索结果中可以看到书的作者"<作者>" 例如:
| 书名 | 作者 |
| Selenium WebDriver实战宝典 | 吴晓华 |
| HTTP权威指南 | 协议 |
| Python核心编程 | Python | baidu.py:
#encoding=utf-8
# language: zh-CN
from lettuce import *
from selenium import webdriver
import time @step(u'将搜索词设定为书的名字"(.*)"')
def have_the_searchWord(step, searchWord):
world.searchWord = searchWord
print world.searchWord @step(u'打开百度网站')
def visit_baidu_website(step):
world.driver = webdriver.Ie(executable_path = "c:\\IEDriverServer")
world.driver.get("http://www.baidu.com") @step(u'在搜索输入框中输入搜索的关键词，并点击搜索按钮后')
def search_in_sogou_website(step):
world.driver.find_element_by_id("kw").send_keys(world.searchWord)
world.driver.find_element_by_id("su").click()
time.sleep(3) @step(u'在搜索结果中可以看到书的作者"(.*)"')
def check_result_in_sogou(step, searchResult):
assert searchResult in world.driver.page_source, "got word:%s" %searchResult
world.driver.quit() 六：e6_executed_by_batch 批量执行
Login_Chinese.feature：
#encoding=utf-8
# language: zh-CN 特性: 登录126邮箱和退出126邮箱登录 场景: 成功登录126邮箱
假如启动一个浏览器
当用户访问http://mail.126.com网址
当用户输入输入用户名“testman1980”和密码“wulaoshi1978”
那么页面会出现“未读邮件”关键字 场景: 成功退出126邮箱
当用户从页面单击退出链接
那么页面显示“您已成功退出网易邮箱”关键内容 Login_Chinese.py：
#encoding=utf-8
# language: zh-CN
from lettuce import *
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
import time @step(u'启动一个浏览器')
def open_browser(step):
try:
# 创建Chrome浏览器的driver实例，并存于全局对象world中，
# 供后续场景或步骤函数使用
world.driver = webdriver.Ie(executable_path = "c:\\IEDriverServer")
except Exception, e:
raise e @step(u'用户访问(.*)网址')
def visit_url(step, url):
print url
world.driver.get(url) @step(u'用户输入输入用户名“(.*)”和密码“(.*)”')
def user_enters_UserName_and_Password(step, username, password):
print username, password
# 浏览器窗口最大化
world.driver.maximize_window()
time.sleep(3)
# 切换进frame控件
world.driver.switch_to.frame("x-URS-iframe")
# 获取用户名输入框
userName = world.driver.find_element_by_xpath('//input[@name="email"]')
userName.clear()
# 输入用户名
userName.send_keys(username)
# 获取密码输入框
pwd = world.driver.find_element_by_xpath("//input[@name='password']")
# 输入密码
pwd.send_keys(password)
# 发送一个回车键
pwd.send_keys(Keys.RETURN)
# 等待15秒，以便登录后成功进入登录后的页面
time.sleep(15) @step(u'页面会出现“(.*)”关键字')
def message_displayed_Login_Successfully(step, keywords):
# print world.driver.page_source.encode('utf-8')
# 断言登录成功后，页面是否出现预期的关键字
assert keywords in world.driver.page_source
# 断言成功后，打印登录成功信息
print "Login Success" @step(u'用户从页面单击退出链接')
def LogOut_from_the_Application(step):
print "====",world.driver
# time.sleep(5)
# 点击退出按钮，退出登录
world.driver.find_element_by_link_text(u"退出").click()
time.sleep(8) @step(u'页面显示“(.*)”关键内容')
def displayed_LogOut_Successfully(step, keywords):
# 断言退出登录后，页面是否出现退出成功关键内容
assert keywords in world.driver.page_source
print u"Logout Success"
# 退出浏览器
world.driver.quit() 七：e7_example 行为驱动实现1+2=3
zero.feature:
Feature: Compute factorial
In order to play with Lettuce
As beginners
We'll implement factorial Scenario: Factorial of 1
Given I have the number 1,2
When I compute its factorial
Then I see the number 3 step.py:
#encoding=utf-8
from lettuce import * # 用于计算整数的和函数
def sum(number1,number2):
return int(number1+number2) @step('I have the number (\d),(\d+)')
def have_the_number(step, number1,number2):
# 将通过正则表达式匹配的数字存于全局变量world中
world.number1 = int(number1)
world.number2 = int(number2) @step('I compute its factorial')
def compute_its_factorial(step):
# 从全局变量world中取出匹配的数字，
# 计算其阶乘，并将结果再存回world中
world.sum = sum(world.number1,world.number2) @step('I see the number (\d+)')
def check_number(step, expected):
# 通过正则匹配到预期数字
expected = int(expected)
# 断言计算阶乘结果是否等于预期
assert world.sum == expected, "Got %d" %world.number
