正文

OpenWRT介绍

IP云
IP云V管理员/3 阅读
11/28
提示：扫一扫查出行
【扫一扫了解最新限行尾号】
复制提示

1. 介绍

OpenWRT是一款第三方路由器固件, 其特别在于开放性, 如它的文件系统可写, 用户可在路由器上安装需要的第三方软件.
通过刷入OpenWRT, 我们可以完成如下事情 

- DLNA共享

- 私有NAS/私有云存储(Seafile)

- ShadowSock翻墙

- 远程下载(transmission/transmission-web)

…

2. 设备选购

由于OpenWRT并非支持所有的路由器, 所以我们需要进行选择<Table of Hardware>中选择中意而且可购买到的设备

以下是在一些高性能的路由器 

- Mercury MW4530R V1

- Netgear R7000(支持有限)

- Netgear R6300 v2(支持有限)

- TP-Link TL-WDR4310

3. 开发环境

除了直接使用固件, 比较常见的玩法是定制固件, 比如说你可能对某些功能不满意
如此一来就需要搭建OpenWRT开发环境

笔者使用的是CentOS7, 目前了解到需要安装如下软件 

# yum install ncurses ncurses-base ncurses-libs gcc-c++


.csharpcode, .csharpcode pre
{
font-size: small;
color: black;
font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace;
background-color: #ffffff;
/*white-space: pre;*/
}
.csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; }
.csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; }
.csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; }
.csharpcode .str { color: #006080; }
.csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; }
.csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; }
.csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; }
.csharpcode .html { color: #800000; }
.csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; }
.csharpcode .alt
{
background-color: #f4f4f4;
width: 100%;
margin: 0em;
}
.csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }

4. 源码下载

OpenWRT的源码在网上有多种获取方式
- OpenWRT Mirror
- OpenWRT Official
- OpenWRT on Github

下面介绍的是从github下载源码的方式 

/* 主分支 */
$ git clone git://github.com/openwrt/openwrt.git
/* 15.05: Chaos Calmer */
$ git clone -b chaos_calmer git://github.com/openwrt/openwrt.git
/* 14.07 Barrier Breaker */
$ git clone -b barrier_breaker git://github.com/openwrt/openwrt.git


.csharpcode, .csharpcode pre
{
font-size: small;
color: black;
font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace;
background-color: #ffffff;
/*white-space: pre;*/
}
.csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; }
.csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; }
.csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; }
.csharpcode .str { color: #006080; }
.csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; }
.csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; }
.csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; }
.csharpcode .html { color: #800000; }
.csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; }
.csharpcode .alt
{
background-color: #f4f4f4;
width: 100%;
margin: 0em;
}
.csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }

下载之后更新软件包 

$ ./scripts/feeds update –a
$ ./scripts/feeds install -a


.csharpcode, .csharpcode pre
{
font-size: small;
color: black;
font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace;
background-color: #ffffff;
/*white-space: pre;*/
}
.csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; }
.csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; }
.csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; }
.csharpcode .str { color: #006080; }
.csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; }
.csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; }
.csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; }
.csharpcode .html { color: #800000; }
.csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; }
.csharpcode .alt
{
background-color: #f4f4f4;
width: 100%;
margin: 0em;
}
.csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }

5. 配置编译

首先生成默认配置文件 

$ make defconfig


.csharpcode, .csharpcode pre
{
font-size: small;
color: black;
font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace;
background-color: #ffffff;
/*white-space: pre;*/
}
.csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; }
.csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; }
.csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; }
.csharpcode .str { color: #006080; }
.csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; }
.csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; }
.csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; }
.csharpcode .html { color: #800000; }
.csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; }
.csharpcode .alt
{
background-color: #f4f4f4;
width: 100%;
margin: 0em;
}
.csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }

这里我们以NETGEAR WNDR4300 v1为例 

$ make menuconfig


.csharpcode, .csharpcode pre
{
font-size: small;
color: black;
font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace;
background-color: #ffffff;
/*white-space: pre;*/
}
.csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; }
.csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; }
.csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; }
.csharpcode .str { color: #006080; }
.csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; }
.csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; }
.csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; }
.csharpcode .html { color: #800000; }
.csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; }
.csharpcode .alt
{
background-color: #f4f4f4;
width: 100%;
margin: 0em;
}
.csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }

首先在Subtarget项中选择Generic devices with NAND flash
随后在Target Profile中选择WNDR4300, 然后进行一些其他配置
最后就是编译 

$ make or make V=99 
  or 
$ make -j V=99


.csharpcode, .csharpcode pre
{
font-size: small;
color: black;
font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace;
background-color: #ffffff;
/*white-space: pre;*/
}
.csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; }
.csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; }
.csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; }
.csharpcode .str { color: #006080; }
.csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; }
.csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; }
.csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; }
.csharpcode .html { color: #800000; }
.csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; }
.csharpcode .alt
{
background-color: #f4f4f4;
width: 100%;
margin: 0em;
}
.csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }

6. 刷入固件

编译完成后会在源码目录出现bin文件夹
如果你手里的路由是原版固件:  刷机选用xxx-factory.bin固件
如果路由已经刷了OpenWrt:   升级界面刷入升级固件xxx-sysupgrade.bin

不同设备厂商首次刷入OpenWRT的方式不尽相同, 需要参考具体设备

7. 使用管理

首次使用需要进入Web界面或者telnet登录设备后设置root密码
其web界面一般是LUCI, 地址为192.168.1.1
正确配置之后可以使用SSH登录进行管理

8. 包管理器

OpenWrt的包管理器是opkg
常用命令如下 

# opkg update
# opkg install
# opkg remove


.csharpcode, .csharpcode pre
{
font-size: small;
color: black;
font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace;
background-color: #ffffff;
/*white-space: pre;*/
}
.csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; }
.csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; }
.csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; }
.csharpcode .str { color: #006080; }
.csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; }
.csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; }
.csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; }
.csharpcode .html { color: #800000; }
.csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; }
.csharpcode .alt
{
background-color: #f4f4f4;
width: 100%;
margin: 0em;
}
.csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }

参考:
<OpenWrt>
<OpenWrt Cn>
<OpenWrt Dev>
<Developer Guide>
<OpenWrt Forums>
<Netgear Open Source>
<向openwrt源码添加水星MW4530R支持>

相关阅读

目录[+]