
正文
java变量初始化顺序
提示:扫一扫查出行【扫一扫了解最新限行尾号】
复制提示
第一次实例化一个类时,初始化优先顺序为:
1、父类中的静态成员变量和静态代码块初始化
2、本类中的静态成员变量和静态代码块初始化
3、父类中的实例成员初始化
4、父类中的构造方法
5、本类中的实例成员初始化
6、本类中的构造方法
成员变量和示例变量初始化的区别:
成员变量:每次新建对象的时候都会初始化;
实例变量:只在第一次调用(包括实例化或通过类访问)的时候一次性初始化全部的静态变量
实例变量示例:
class Tag {
Tag(int marker) {
System.out.println("Tag(" + marker + ")");
}
}class Card {
Tag t1 = new Tag(1); // Before constructor
Card() {
// Indicate we're in the constructor:
System.out.println("Card()");
t3 = new Tag(33); // Re-initialize t3
}
Tag t2 = new Tag(2); // After constructor
void f() {
System.out.println("f()");
}
Tag t3 = new Tag(3); // At end
}public class OrderOfInitialization {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Card t = new Card();
t.f(); // Shows that construction is done
}
}运行结果:
Tag(1)
Tag(2)
Tag(3)
Card()
Tag(33)
f()
静态变量示例:
public class Bowl {
Bowl(int marker) {
System.out.println("Bowl(" + marker + ")");
}
void f(int marker) {
System.out.println("f(" + marker + ")");
}
}public class Table {
static Bowl b1 = new Bowl(1);
Table() {
System.out.println("Table()");
b2.f(1);
}
void f2(int marker) {
System.out.println("f2(" + marker + ")");
}
static Bowl b2 = new Bowl(2);
}public class Cupboard {
Bowl b3 = new Bowl(3);//注意实例变量与静态变量共存的时候,即使静态变量靠后,也先初始化
static Bowl b4 = new Bowl(4);
Cupboard() {
System.out.println("Cupboard()");
b4.f(2);
}
void f3(int marker) {
System.out.println("f3(" + marker + ")");
}
static Bowl b5 = new Bowl(5);
}public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
System.out.println(
"Creating new Cupboard() in main");
new Cupboard();
System.out.println(
"Creating new Cupboard() in main");
new Cupboard();
t2.f2(1);
t3.f3(1);
}
static Table t2 = new Table();
static Cupboard t3 = new Cupboard();
}运行结果:
Bowl(1)
Bowl(2)
Table()
f(1)
Bowl(4)
Bowl(5)
Bowl(3)
Cupboard()
f(2)
Creating new Cupboard() in main
Bowl(3)
Cupboard()
f(2)
Creating new Cupboard() in main
Bowl(3)
Cupboard()
f(2)
f2(1)
f3(1)







