SpringCloudAlibaba 微服务讲解（二）微服务环境搭建

微服务环境搭建

我们这次是使用的电商项目的商品、订单、用户为案例进行讲解

2.1 案例准备

2.1.1 技术选型

• maven ：3.3.9
• 数据库：mysql
• 持久层：SpringData JPA
• SpringCloud Alibaba技术栈

2.1.2 模块设计

• springcloud-alibaba 父工程
• shop-common 公共模块
• shop-user 用户模块
• shop-product 商品模块
• shop-order 订单模块

2.1.3 微服务调用

在微服务架构中，最常见的场景就是微服务之间的相互调用。我们以电商系统中常见的用户下单为例来 演示微服务的调用：客户向订单微服务发起一下单的请求，在进行保存订单之前需要调用商品微服务 查询商品的信息

我们一般把服务的主动调用方称为服务消费者，把服务的被调用方称为服务提供者.

2.2创建父工程

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.1.3.RELEASE</version>
</parent> <groupId>com.ityml</groupId>
<artifactId>springcloud-alibaba</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>pom</packaging>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.RELEASE</spring-cloud.version>
<spring-cloud-alibaba.version>2.1.0.RELEASE</spring-cloud-alibaba.version>
<maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
</properties>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
</project>


对应版本：

https://www.cnblogs.com/onehm/p/13931711.html

2.3创建基础模块

2.3.1 shop-common模块

1. 在pom中添加依赖

   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <parent>
<groupId>com.ityml</groupId>
<artifactId>springcloud-alibaba</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent> <groupId>com.ityml</groupId>
<artifactId>shop-common</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
<version>1.2.79</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.49</version>
</dependency> </dependencies></project>


2. 创建实体类

   /**
* -----------------------------
* PackageName： com.ityml.entity
* ClassName：User
* Description：用户
*
* @author：it-yml CreateTime：2022-03-22
* -----------------------------
*/
@Entity(name = "shop-user")
@Data
public class User {
@Id @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY) private Integer uid; private String username; private String password; private String telephone;
}


   /**
* -----------------------------
* PackageName： com.ityml.entity
* ClassName：Product
* Description：商品
*
* @author：it-yml CreateTime：2022-03-22
* -----------------------------
*/
@Entity(name = "shop-product")
@Data
public class Product { @Id @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private String pname; private Double price; private Integer stock;
}


   /**
* -----------------------------
* PackageName： com.ityml.entity
* ClassName：Order
* Description：订单
*
* @author：it-yml CreateTime：2022-03-22
* -----------------------------
*/
@Entity(name = "shop-order")
@Data
public class Order {
@Id @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private Long oid; private Integer uid; private String username;
}


2.4 创建用户微服务

步骤：

1. 创建模块
2. 创建SpringBoot主类
3. 加入配置文件
4. 创建必要的接口和实现类

创建一个shop-user模块，然后进行下面操作

1. 创建pom

   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <parent>
<groupId>com.ityml</groupId>
<artifactId>springcloud-alibaba</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent> <groupId>com.ityml</groupId>
<artifactId>shop-user</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.ityml</groupId>
<artifactId>shop-common</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies></project>


2. 编写主类

   package com.ityml;import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;/**
* -----------------------------
* PackageName： com.ityml
* ClassName：UserApplication
* Description：启动类
*
* @author：it-yml CreateTime：2022-03-22
* -----------------------------
*/
@SpringBootApplication
public class UserApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(UserApplication.class,args);
}
}

3. 创建配置文件

   server:
port: 8080
spring:
application:
name: service-user
datasource:
driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url: jdbc://
username:
data-password: jpa:
properties:
hibernate:
hbm2ddl:
auto: update
dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL.5InnoDDialect

2.5 创建商品微服务

1. 创建一个名为shop-product的模块，并添加springboot依赖

   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <parent>
<groupId>com.ityml</groupId>
<artifactId>springcloud-alibaba</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent> <groupId>com.ityml</groupId>
<artifactId>shop-product</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.ityml</groupId>
<artifactId>shop-common</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies></project>


2. 创建工程主类

   package com.ityml;import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;/**
* -----------------------------
* PackageName： com.ityml
* ClassName：ProductApplication
* Description：商品主类
*
* @author：it-yml CreateTime：2022-03-23
* -----------------------------
*/
@SpringBootApplication
public class ProductApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(ProductApplication.class,args);
}
}


3. 创建配置文件application.yml

   server:
port: 8080
spring:
application:
name: service-product
datasource:
driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url: jdbc://
username:
data-password: jpa:
properties:
hibernate:
hbm2ddl:
auto: update
dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL.5InnoDDialect


4. 创建ProductDao接口

   package com.ityml.dao;import com.ityml.entity.Product;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;/**
* -----------------------------
* PackageName： com.ityml.dao
* ClassName：ProductDao
* Description：
*
* @author：it-yml CreateTime：2022-03-23
* -----------------------------
*/
public interface ProductDao extends JpaRepository<Product,Integer> {
}


5. 创建ProductService接口和实现类

   package com.ityml.service;import com.ityml.entity.Product;/**
* -----------------------------
* PackageName： com.ityml.service
* ClassName：ProductService
* Description：
*
* @author：it-yml CreateTime：2022-03-23
* -----------------------------
*/
public interface ProductService {
Product findById(Integer pid);
}


   package com.ityml.impl;import com.ityml.dao.ProductDao;
import com.ityml.entity.Product;
import com.ityml.service.ProductService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;/**
* -----------------------------
* PackageName： com.ityml.impl
* ClassName：ProductServiceImpl
* Description：实现类
*
* @author：it-yml CreateTime：2022-03-23
* -----------------------------
*/
@Service
public class ProductServiceImpl implements ProductService {
@Autowired
private ProductDao productDao;
@Override
public Product findById(Integer pid) {
return productDao.findById(pid).get();
}
}

6. 创建Controller

   package com.ityml.controller;import com.ityml.entity.Product;
import com.ityml.service.ProductService;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;/**
* -----------------------------
* PackageName： com.ityml.controller
* ClassName：ProductController
* Description：主类
*
* @author：it-yml CreateTime：2022-03-23
* -----------------------------
*/
@RestController
@Slf4j
public class ProductController { @Autowired
private ProductService productService; @GetMapping("/product/{pid}")
public Product product(@PathVariable("pid") Integer pid){
Product product = productService.findById(pid);
return product;
}}


7. 启动工程

2.6 创建订单微服务

1. 创建一个名为shop-order的模块，并添加springboot依赖

   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <parent>
<groupId>com.ityml</groupId>
<artifactId>springcloud-alibaba</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent> <groupId>com.ityml</groupId>
<artifactId>shop-order</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.ityml</groupId>
<artifactId>shop-common</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>


2. 创建工程主类

   package com.ityml;import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;/**
* -----------------------------
* PackageName： com.ityml
* ClassName：OrderApplication
* Description：主类
*
* @author：it-yml CreateTime：2022-03-23
* -----------------------------
*/
@SpringBootApplication
public class OrderApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(OrderApplication.class,args);
}
}


3. 创建配置文件

   server:
port: 8080
spring:
application:
name: service-order
datasource:
driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url: jdbc://
username:
data-password: jpa:
properties:
hibernate:
hbm2ddl:
auto: update
dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL.5InnoDDialect


4. 创建OrderDao接口

   package com.ityml.dao;import com.ityml.entity.Order;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;/**
* -----------------------------
* PackageName： com.ityml.dao
* ClassName：ProductDao
* Description：
*
* @author：it-yml CreateTime：2022-03-23
* -----------------------------
*/
public interface OrderDao extends JpaRepository<Order,Integer> {
}


5. 创建OrderService接口和实现类

   package com.ityml.service;import com.ityml.entity.Order;/**
* -----------------------------
* PackageName： com.ityml.service
* ClassName：ProductService
* Description：
*
* @author：it-yml CreateTime：2022-03-23
* -----------------------------
*/
public interface OrderService {
void save(Order order);
}


6. 创建RestTemplate

   package com.ityml;import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;/**
* -----------------------------
* PackageName： com.ityml
* ClassName：OrderApplication
* Description：主类
*
* @author：it-yml CreateTime：2022-03-23
* -----------------------------
*/
@SpringBootApplication
public class OrderApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(OrderApplication.class,args);
}
@Bean
public RestTemplate getRestTemplate(){
return new RestTemplate();
}
}


7. 创建Controller

   package com.ityml.controller;import com.ityml.entity.Order;
import com.ityml.entity.Product;
import com.ityml.service.OrderService;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;/**
* -----------------------------
* PackageName： com.ityml.controller
* ClassName：OrderController
* Description：主类
*
* @author：it-yml CreateTime：2022-03-23
* -----------------------------
*/
@RestController
@Slf4j
public class OrderController { @Autowired
private OrderService orderService; @Autowired
private RestTemplate restTemplate; /**
* 准备买一件商品
* @param pid
*/
@GetMapping("/order/prod/{pid}")
public void Order(@PathVariable("pid") Integer pid) {
Product product = restTemplate.getForObject("http:/localhost:8081/product" + pid, Product.class);
Order order = new Order();
orderService.save(order);
}}


8. 启动工程，通过浏览器访问服务进行测试