Java实现Excel的操作

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JAVA EXCEL API:

开源项目，通过它Java开发人员可以读取Excel文件的内容、创建新的Excel文件、更新已经存在的Excel文件。使用该API非Windows操作系统也可以通过纯Java应用来处理Excel数据表。因为它是使用Java编写的，所以我们在Web应用中可以通过JSP、Servlet来调用API实现对Excel数据表的访问。

官方地址: http://www.andykhan.com/jexcelapi

备用地址: http://nchc.dl.sourceforge.net/project/jexcelapi/jexcelapi/2.6.6/jexcelapi_2_6_6.zip

一、JSP生成简单的Excel文件

package beans.excel;import java.io.IOException;import java.io.OutputStream;import jxl.Workbook;import jxl.write.Label;import jxl.write.WritableSheet;import jxl.write.WritableWorkbook;import jxl.write.WriteException;public class SimpleExcelWrite { public void createExcel(OutputStream os) throws WriteException,IOException{ //创建工作薄 WritableWorkbook workbook = Workbook.createWorkbook(os); //创建新的一页 WritableSheet sheet = workbook.createSheet("First Sheet",0); //创建要显示的内容,创建一个单元格，第一个参数为列坐标，第二个参数为行坐标，第三个参数为内容 Label xuexiao = new Label(0,0,"学校"); sheet.addCell(xuexiao); Label zhuanye = new Label(1,0,"专业"); sheet.addCell(zhuanye); Label jingzhengli = new Label(2,0,"专业竞争力"); sheet.addCell(jingzhengli); Label qinghua = new Label(0,1,"清华大学"); sheet.addCell(qinghua); Label jisuanji = new Label(1,1,"计算机专业"); sheet.addCell(jisuanji); Label gao = new Label(2,1,"高"); sheet.addCell(gao); Label beida = new Label(0,2,"北京大学"); sheet.addCell(beida); Label falv = new Label(1,2,"法律专业"); sheet.addCell(falv); Label zhong = new Label(2,2,"中"); sheet.addCell(zhong); Label ligong = new Label(0,3,"北京理工大学"); sheet.addCell(ligong); Label hangkong = new Label(1,3,"航空专业"); sheet.addCell(hangkong); Label di = new Label(2,3,"低"); sheet.addCell(di); //把创建的内容写入到输出流中，并关闭输出流 workbook.write(); workbook.close(); os.close(); }}

SimpleExcelWrite.jsp

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="gb2312"%><%@ page import="java.io.*" %><%@ page import="beans.excel.*" %><% String fname = "学校竞争力情况"; OutputStream os = response.getOutputStream();//取得输出流 response.reset();//清空输出流 //下面是对中文文件名的处理 response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");//设置相应内容的编码格式 fname = java.net.URLEncoder.encode(fname,"UTF-8"); response.setHeader("Content-Disposition","attachment;filename="+new String(fname.getBytes("UTF-8"),"GBK")+".xls"); response.setContentType("application/msexcel");//定义输出类型 SimpleExcelWrite sw = new SimpleExcelWrite(); sw.createExcel(os); %><html> <head> <title></title> </head> <body> </body></html>

二、生成复杂数据格式Excel文件

package beans.excel;import java.io.IOException;import java.io.OutputStream;import java.util.Calendar;import java.util.Date;import jxl.Workbook;import jxl.write.Boolean;import jxl.write.DateFormats;import jxl.write.DateTime;import jxl.write.Label;import jxl.write.Number;import jxl.write.WritableCellFormat;import jxl.write.WritableSheet;import jxl.write.WritableWorkbook;import jxl.write.WriteException;public class ComplexDataExcelWrite { public void createExcel(OutputStream os) throws WriteException,IOException { //创建工作薄 WritableWorkbook workbook = Workbook.createWorkbook(os); //创建新的一页 WritableSheet sheet = workbook.createSheet("First Sheet", 0); //创建要显示的具体内容 Label formate = new Label(0,0,"数据格式"); sheet.addCell(formate); Label floats = new Label(1,0,"浮点型"); sheet.addCell(floats); Label integers = new Label(2,0,"整型"); sheet.addCell(integers); Label booleans = new Label(3,0,"布尔型"); sheet.addCell(booleans); Label dates = new Label(4,0,"日期格式"); sheet.addCell(dates); Label example = new Label(0,1,"数据示例"); sheet.addCell(example); //浮点数据 Number number = new Number(1,1,3.1415926535); sheet.addCell(number); //整形数据 Number ints = new Number(2,1,15042699); sheet.addCell(ints); Boolean bools = new Boolean(3,1,true); sheet.addCell(bools); //日期型数据 Calendar c = Calendar.getInstance(); Date date = c.getTime(); WritableCellFormat cf1 = new WritableCellFormat(DateFormats.FORMAT1); DateTime dt = new DateTime(4,1,date,cf1); sheet.addCell(dt); //把创建的内容写入到输出流中，并关闭输出流 workbook.write(); workbook.close(); os.close(); }}

三、生成复杂布局和样式的Excel文件

package beans.excel;import java.io.IOException;import java.io.OutputStream;import java.util.Calendar;import java.util.Date;import jxl.Workbook;import jxl.format.Colour;import jxl.format.UnderlineStyle;import jxl.write.Boolean;import jxl.write.DateFormats;import jxl.write.DateTime;import jxl.write.Label;import jxl.write.Number;import jxl.write.WritableCellFormat;import jxl.write.WritableFont;import jxl.write.WritableSheet;import jxl.write.WritableWorkbook;import jxl.write.WriteException;public class MutiStyleExcelWrite { public void createExcel(OutputStream os) throws WriteException,IOException { //创建工作薄 WritableWorkbook workbook = Workbook.createWorkbook(os); //创建新的一页 WritableSheet sheet = workbook.createSheet("First Sheet", 0); //构造表头 sheet.mergeCells(0, 0, 4, 0);//添加合并单元格，第一个参数是起始列，第二个参数是起始行，第三个参数是终止列，第四个参数是终止行 WritableFont bold = new WritableFont(WritableFont.ARIAL,10,WritableFont.BOLD);//设置字体种类和黑体显示,字体为Arial,字号大小为10,采用黑体显示 WritableCellFormat titleFormate = new WritableCellFormat(bold);//生成一个单元格样式控制对象 titleFormate.setAlignment(jxl.format.Alignment.CENTRE);//单元格中的内容水平方向居中 titleFormate.setVerticalAlignment(jxl.format.VerticalAlignment.CENTRE);//单元格的内容垂直方向居中 Label title = new Label(0,0,"JExcelApi支持数据类型详细说明",titleFormate); sheet.setRowView(0, 600, false);//设置第一行的高度 sheet.addCell(title); //创建要显示的具体内容 WritableFont color = new WritableFont(WritableFont.ARIAL);//选择字体 color.setColour(Colour.GOLD);//设置字体颜色为金黄色 WritableCellFormat colorFormat = new WritableCellFormat(color); Label formate = new Label(0,1,"数据格式",colorFormat); sheet.addCell(formate); Label floats = new Label(1,1,"浮点型"); sheet.addCell(floats); Label integers = new Label(2,1,"整型"); sheet.addCell(integers); Label booleans = new Label(3,1,"布尔型"); sheet.addCell(booleans); Label dates = new Label(4,1,"日期格式"); sheet.addCell(dates); Label example = new Label(0,2,"数据示例",colorFormat); sheet.addCell(example); //浮点数据 //设置下划线 WritableFont underline= new WritableFont(WritableFont.ARIAL,WritableFont.DEFAULT_POINT_SIZE,WritableFont.NO_BOLD,false,UnderlineStyle.SINGLE); WritableCellFormat greyBackground = new WritableCellFormat(underline); greyBackground.setBackground(Colour.GRAY_25);//设置背景颜色为灰色 Number number = new Number(1,2,3.1415926535,greyBackground); sheet.addCell(number); //整形数据 WritableFont boldNumber = new WritableFont(WritableFont.ARIAL,10,WritableFont.BOLD);//黑体 WritableCellFormat boldNumberFormate = new WritableCellFormat(boldNumber); Number ints = new Number(2,2,15042699,boldNumberFormate); sheet.addCell(ints); //布尔型数据 Boolean bools = new Boolean(3,2,true); sheet.addCell(bools); //日期型数据 //设置黑体和下划线 WritableFont boldDate = new WritableFont(WritableFont.ARIAL,WritableFont.DEFAULT_POINT_SIZE,WritableFont.BOLD,false,UnderlineStyle.SINGLE); WritableCellFormat boldDateFormate = new WritableCellFormat(boldDate,DateFormats.FORMAT1); Calendar c = Calendar.getInstance(); Date date = c.getTime(); DateTime dt = new DateTime(4,2,date,boldDateFormate); sheet.addCell(dt); //把创建的内容写入到输出流中，并关闭输出流 workbook.write(); workbook.close(); os.close(); }}

四、JSP读取Excel报表

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="gb2312"%><%@ page import="java.io.File" %><%@ page import="jxl.Cell" %><%@ page import="jxl.Sheet" %><%@ page import="jxl.Workbook" %><html> <head> <title></title> </head> <body> <% String fileName = "D:/学校竞争力情况.xls"; File file = new File(fileName);//根据文件名创建一个文件对象 Workbook wb = Workbook.getWorkbook(file);//从文件流中取得Excel工作区对象 Sheet sheet = wb.getSheet(0);//从工作区中取得页，取得这个对象的时候既可以用名称来获得，也可以用序号。 String outPut = ""; outPut = outPut + "" + fileName + " "; outPut = outPut + "第一个sheet的名称为：" + sheet.getName() + " "; outPut = outPut + "第一个sheet共有：" + sheet.getRows() + "行" + sheet.getColumns() + "列 "; outPut = outPut + "具体内容如下： "; for(int i=0; i < sheet.getRows(); i++){ for(int j=0; j < sheet.getColumns(); j++){ Cell cell = sheet.getCell(j,i); outPut = outPut + cell.getContents() + " "; } outPut = outPut + " "; } out.println(outPut); %> </body></html>

示例1：读取本地Excel文件F:\红楼人物.xls

1. 新建Excel文件F:\红楼人物.xls

内容如下：

2. Java通过jexcelapi包操作excel文件：

//in ExcelOperater
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import jxl.Cell;
import jxl.CellType;
import jxl.Sheet;
import jxl.Workbook;
import jxl.write.Label;
public class ExcelOperater
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
jxl.Workbook readwb = null;
try
{
//构建Workbook对象, 只读Workbook对象
//直接从本地文件创建Workbook
InputStream instream = new FileInputStream("F:/红楼人物.xls");
readwb = Workbook.getWorkbook(instream);
//Sheet的下标是从0开始
//获取第一张Sheet表
Sheet readsheet = readwb.getSheet(0);
//获取Sheet表中所包含的总列数
int rsColumns = readsheet.getColumns();
//获取Sheet表中所包含的总行数
int rsRows = readsheet.getRows();
//获取指定单元格的对象引用
for (int i = 0; i < rsRows; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < rsColumns; j++)
{
Cell cell = readsheet.getCell(j, i);
System.out.print(cell.getContents() + " ");
}
System.out.println();
}
//利用已经创建的Excel工作薄,创建新的可写入的Excel工作薄
jxl.write.WritableWorkbook wwb = Workbook.createWorkbook(new File(
"F:/红楼人物1.xls"), readwb);
//读取第一张工作表
jxl.write.WritableSheet ws = wwb.getSheet(0);
//获得第一个单元格对象
jxl.write.WritableCell wc = ws.getWritableCell(0, 0);
//判断单元格的类型, 做出相应的转化
if (wc.getType() == CellType.LABEL)
{
Label l = (Label) wc;
l.setString("新姓名");
}
//写入Excel对象
wwb.write();
wwb.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
readwb.close();
}
}
}

3. 结果：

① 控制台输出：

人物等级大观园位置金陵十二钗

林黛玉小姐潇湘馆正册

妙玉世外栊翠庵正册

晴雯丫鬟怡红院副册

香菱妾蘅芜苑又副册

② 创建文件F:\红楼人物1.xls

4. 程序解析：

所引用的包：

① Workbook对象，需要jxl.Workbook包；

② InputStream、FileInputStream对象：需要java.io.FileInputStream和java.io.InputStream包。

③ Sheet对象：jxl.Sheet包；注意excel中sheet表单的行列从0开始计数。

④ Cell对象：jxl.Cell包；对单元进行处理

⑤ Label：选择jxl.write.label包

⑥ WritableWorkbook、WritableSheet、WritableCelll对象

实例二：3个功能-----从excel文件F:\红楼人物.xls读取数据；生成新的excel文件F:\红楼人物2.xls；修改原excel一个单元并输出为F:\红楼人物3.xls。

原始文件：F:\红楼人物.xls

运行结果：

① 控制台输出：

人物等级大观园位置金陵十二钗

林黛玉小姐潇湘馆正册

妙玉世外栊翠庵正册

晴雯丫鬟怡红院副册

香菱妾蘅芜苑又副册

② 写入输出Excel文件：F:\红楼人物2.xls

③ 修改输出文件 F:\红楼人物3.xls （加修饰后输出）

示例程序：

//in ExcelHandle
import jxl.*;
import jxl.format.UnderlineStyle;
import jxl.write.*;
import jxl.write.Number;
import jxl.write.Boolean;
import jxl.Cell;
import java.io.*;
public class ExcelHandle
{
public ExcelHandle()
{
}
/***读取Excel*/
public static void readExcel(String filePath)
{
try
{
InputStream is = new FileInputStream(filePath);
Workbook rwb = Workbook.getWorkbook(is);
//这里有两种方法获取sheet表:名字和下标（从0开始）
//Sheet st = rwb.getSheet("original");
Sheet st = rwb.getSheet(0);
/**
//获得第一行第一列单元的值
Cell c00 = st.getCell(0,0);
//通用的获取cell值的方式,返回字符串
String strc00 = c00.getContents();
//获得cell具体类型值的方式
if(c00.getType() == CellType.LABEL)
{
LabelCell labelc00 = (LabelCell)c00;
strc00 = labelc00.getString();
}
//输出
System.out.println(strc00);*/
//Sheet的下标是从0开始
//获取第一张Sheet表
Sheet rst = rwb.getSheet(0);
//获取Sheet表中所包含的总列数
int rsColumns = rst.getColumns();
//获取Sheet表中所包含的总行数
int rsRows = rst.getRows();
//获取指定单元格的对象引用
for (int i = 0; i < rsRows; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < rsColumns; j++)
{
Cell cell = rst.getCell(j, i);
System.out.print(cell.getContents() + " ");
}
System.out.println();
}
//关闭
rwb.close();
}
catch(Exception e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**输出Excel*/
public static void writeExcel(OutputStream os)
{
try
{
/** 只能通过API提供的工厂方法来创建Workbook，而不能使用WritableWorkbook的构造函数，因为类WritableWorkbook的构造函数为 protected类型：方法一：直接从目标文件中读取 WritableWorkbook wwb = Workbook.createWorkbook(new File(targetfile));方法二：如下实例所示将WritableWorkbook直接写入到输出流*/
WritableWorkbook wwb = Workbook.createWorkbook(os);
//创建Excel工作表指定名称和位置
WritableSheet ws = wwb.createSheet("Test Sheet 1",0);
/**************往工作表中添加数据*****************/
//1.添加Label对象
Label label = new Label(0,0,"测试");
ws.addCell(label);
//添加带有字型Formatting对象
WritableFont wf = new WritableFont(WritableFont.TIMES,18,WritableFont.BOLD,true);
WritableCellFormat wcf = new WritableCellFormat(wf);
Label labelcf = new Label(1,0,"this is a label test",wcf);
ws.addCell(labelcf);
//添加带有字体颜色的Formatting对象
WritableFont wfc = new WritableFont(WritableFont.ARIAL,10,WritableFont.NO_BOLD,false,
UnderlineStyle.NO_UNDERLINE,jxl.format.Colour.DARK_YELLOW);
WritableCellFormat wcfFC = new WritableCellFormat(wfc);
Label labelCF = new Label(1,0,"Ok",wcfFC);
ws.addCell(labelCF);
//2.添加Number对象
Number labelN = new Number(0,1,3.1415926);
ws.addCell(labelN);
//添加带有formatting的Number对象
NumberFormat nf = new NumberFormat("#.##");
WritableCellFormat wcfN = new WritableCellFormat(nf);
Number labelNF = new jxl.write.Number(1,1,3.1415926,wcfN);
ws.addCell(labelNF);
//3.添加Boolean对象
Boolean labelB = new jxl.write.Boolean(0,2,true);
ws.addCell(labelB);
Boolean labelB1 = new jxl.write.Boolean(1,2,false);
ws.addCell(labelB1);
//4.添加DateTime对象
jxl.write.DateTime labelDT = new jxl.write.DateTime(0,3,new java.util.Date());
ws.addCell(labelDT);
//5.添加带有formatting的DateFormat对象
DateFormat df = new DateFormat("dd MM yyyy hh:mm:ss");
WritableCellFormat wcfDF = new WritableCellFormat(df);
DateTime labelDTF = new DateTime(1,3,new java.util.Date(),wcfDF);
ws.addCell(labelDTF);
//6.添加图片对象,jxl只支持png格式图片
File image = new File("f:\\1.png");
WritableImage wimage = new WritableImage(0,4,6,17,image);
ws.addImage(wimage);
//7.写入工作表
wwb.write();
wwb.close();
}
catch(Exception e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/** 将file1拷贝后,进行修改并创建输出对象file2
* 单元格原有的格式化修饰不能去掉，但仍可将新的单元格修饰加上去，
* 以使单元格的内容以不同的形式表现
*/
public static void modifyExcel(File file1,File file2)
{
try
{
Workbook rwb = Workbook.getWorkbook(file1);
WritableWorkbook wwb = Workbook.createWorkbook(file2,rwb);//copy
WritableFont wfc = new WritableFont(WritableFont.ARIAL,10,WritableFont.NO_BOLD,false,
UnderlineStyle.NO_UNDERLINE,jxl.format.Colour.BLUE);
WritableCellFormat wcfFC = new WritableCellFormat(wfc);
WritableSheet ws = wwb.getSheet(0);
WritableCell wc = ws.getWritableCell(0,0);
//判断单元格的类型,做出相应的转换
if(wc.getType() == CellType.LABEL)
{
Label labelCF =new Label(0,0,"人物（新）",wcfFC);
ws.addCell(labelCF);
//Label label = (Label)wc;
//label.setString("被修改");
}
wwb.write();
wwb.close();
rwb.close();
}
catch(Exception e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//测试
public static void main(String args[])
{
try
{
//读EXCEL
ExcelHandle.readExcel("F:/红楼人物.xls");
//输出EXCEL
File filewrite=new File("F:/红楼人物2.xls");
filewrite.createNewFile();
OutputStream os=new FileOutputStream(filewrite);
ExcelHandle.writeExcel(os);
//修改EXCEL
ExcelHandle.modifyExcel(new File("F:/红楼人物.xls"), new File("F:/红楼人物3.xls"));
}
catch(Exception e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}

附：

调用流程如下:

1.打开工作文件Workbook，在此之前先用java的io流创建或者读取文件
2.打开工作表Sheet
3.读行，然后读列。注意，行和列是从零开始的
4.取得数据进行操作

来自网络à读取Excel数据表

第一步：创建Workbook（术语：工作薄）

2种方法：Workbook，就可以通过它来访问Excel Sheet（术语：工作表）：

//从输入流创建Workbook读取excel数据表
InputStream is = new FileInputStream(sourcefile);
jxl.Workbook workbook = Workbook.getWorkbook(is);
//直接从本地文件（.xls）创建Workbook
Workbook workbook = Workbook.getWorkbook(new File(excelfile));

一旦创建了

第二步：访问sheet。

2种方法：通过sheet的名称；或者通过下标，下标从0开始。

//获取第一张Sheet表
Sheet rs = workbook.getSheet(0);
一旦得到了Sheet，就可以通过它来访问Excel Cell（术语：单元格）。
第三步：访问单元格cell
//获取第一行，第一列的值
Cell c00 = rs.getCell(0, 0);
String strc00 = c00.getContents();
//获取第一行，第二列的值
Cell c10 = rs.getCell(1, 0);
String strc10 = c10.getContents();
//获取第二行，第二列的值
Cell c11 = rs.getCell(1, 1);
String strc11 = c11.getContents();
System.out.println("Cell(0, 0)" + " value : " + strc00 + "; type : " + c00.getType());
System.out.println("Cell(1, 0)" + " value : " + strc10 + "; type : " + c10.getType());
System.out.println("Cell(1, 1)" + " value : " + strc11 + "; type : " + c11.getType());

第四步：操作数据

如果仅仅是取得Cell的值，我们可以方便地通过getContents()方法，它可以将任何类型的Cell值都作为一个字符串返回。如果有需要知道Cell内容的确切类型，API也提供了一系列的方法：

String strc00 = null;
double strc10 = 0.00;
Date strc11 = null;
Cell c00 = rs.getCell(0, 0);
Cell c10 = rs.getCell(1, 0);
Cell c11 = rs.getCell(1, 1);
if(c00.getType() == CellType.LABEL)
{
LabelCell labelc00 = (LabelCell)c00;
strc00 = labelc00.getString();
}
if(c10.getType() == CellType.NUMBER)
{
NmberCell numc10 = (NumberCell)c10;
strc10 = numc10.getValue();
}
if(c11.getType() == CellType.DATE)
{
DateCell datec11 = (DateCell)c11;
strc11 = datec11.getDate();
}
System.out.println("Cell(0, 0)" + " value : " + strc00 + "; type : " + c00.getType());
System.out.println("Cell(1, 0)" + " value : " + strc10 + "; type : " + c10.getType());
System.out.println("Cell(1, 1)" + " value : " + strc11 + "; type : " + c11.getType());