用Spring Data JPA 基于内存存储pojo的简单案例

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poject结构如下：

Customer.java类是一个pojo类，代码如下：

package hello;import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;@Entity
public class Customer { @Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.AUTO)
private long id;
private String firstName;
private String lastName; private Customer() {} public Customer(String firstName, String lastName) {
this.firstName = firstName;
this.lastName = lastName;
} @Override
public String toString() {
return String.format(
"Customer[id=%d, firstName='%s', lastName='%s']",
id, firstName, lastName);
}}

@Entity：说明该类是一个jpa entity,如果缺少@Table注解则默认匹配表Customer

@Id:jpa通过它定义识别对象Id，使用注解@GeneratedValue让id自动增长

toString：重写了对象打印出来的方法

CustomerRepository.java是jpa用来存储Customer对象的仓库。

package hello;import java.util.List;import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;public interface CustomerRepository extends JpaRepository<Customer, Long> { List<Customer> findByLastName(String lastName);}

CustomerRepository继承了JpaRepository，除了能使用基本的增删改查外，还可以自己定义查找方法，如：findByLastName，关键在于findBy后面的属性要与Customer中的属性对应，在eclipse中编写的时候如果没有对应的属性eclipse也会提示你属性找不到。

这里只定义了一个接口，并没有具体实现，包括findByLastName方法，为什么？这就是Spring Data Jpa的魅力之处，因为它致力于在运行程序的时候从Repository接口处自动为它创建相应实现类。通过@EnableJpaRepositories注解实现。

Application.java应用主类，Spring Data JPA测试类

package hello;import static org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.embedded.EmbeddedDatabaseType.H2;import java.util.List;import javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory;
import javax.sql.DataSource;import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.config.EnableJpaRepositories;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.embedded.EmbeddedDatabaseBuilder;
import org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager;
import org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaVendorAdapter;
import org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean;
import org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.Database;
import org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter;
import org.springframework.transaction.PlatformTransactionManager;@Configuration
@EnableJpaRepositories
public class Application { @Bean
public DataSource dataSource() {
return new EmbeddedDatabaseBuilder().setType(H2).build();
} @Bean
public LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean entityManagerFactory(DataSource dataSource, JpaVendorAdapter jpaVendorAdapter) {
LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean lef = new LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean();
lef.setDataSource(dataSource);
lef.setJpaVendorAdapter(jpaVendorAdapter);
lef.setPackagesToScan("hello");
return lef;
} @Bean
public JpaVendorAdapter jpaVendorAdapter() {
HibernateJpaVendorAdapter hibernateJpaVendorAdapter = new HibernateJpaVendorAdapter();
hibernateJpaVendorAdapter.setShowSql(false);
hibernateJpaVendorAdapter.setGenerateDdl(true);
hibernateJpaVendorAdapter.setDatabase(Database.H2);
return hibernateJpaVendorAdapter;
} @Bean
public PlatformTransactionManager transactionManager(EntityManagerFactory entityManagerFactory) {
return new JpaTransactionManager(entityManagerFactory);
} public static void main(String[] args) {
AbstractApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(Application.class);
CustomerRepository repository = context.getBean(CustomerRepository.class); // save a couple of customers
repository.save(new Customer("Jack", "Bauer"));
repository.save(new Customer("Chloe", "O'Brian"));
repository.save(new Customer("Kim", "Bauer"));
repository.save(new Customer("David", "Palmer"));
repository.save(new Customer("Michelle", "Dessler")); // fetch all customers
List<Customer> customers = repository.findAll();
System.out.println("Customers found with findAll():");
System.out.println("-------------------------------");
for (Customer customer : customers) {
System.out.println(customer);
}
System.out.println(); // fetch an individual customer by ID
Customer customer = repository.findOne(1L);
System.out.println("Customer found with findOne(1L):");
System.out.println("--------------------------------");
System.out.println(customer);
System.out.println(); // fetch customers by last name
List<Customer> bauers = repository.findByLastName("Bauer");
System.out.println("Customer found with findByLastName('Bauer'):");
System.out.println("--------------------------------------------");
for (Customer bauer : bauers) {
System.out.println(bauer);
} context.close();
}}

@EnableJpaRepositories：告诉JPA找到继承了repository的接口，并为它创建相应的实现类，JpaRepository也继承了repository。

DataSource：声明一个存储对象的数据库

LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean：对象的操作类，通过lef.setPackagesToScan("hello");避免了创建persistence.xml,它告诉JPA到hello包下面找bean类

JpaVendorAdapter：为LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean定义了基于hibernate的JPA适配器

PlatformTransactionManager：用于处理事务持久化

最后运行程序，结果如下：

Customers found with findAll(): ------------------------------- Customer[id=1, firstName='Jack', lastName='Bauer'] Customer[id=2, firstName='Chloe', lastName='O'Brian'] Customer[id=3, firstName='Kim', lastName='Bauer'] Customer[id=4, firstName='David', lastName='Palmer'] Customer[id=5, firstName='Michelle', lastName='Dessler']Customer found with findOne(1L): -------------------------------- Customer[id=1, firstName='Jack', lastName='Bauer']Customer found with findByLastName('Bauer'): -------------------------------------------- Customer[id=1, firstName='Jack', lastName='Bauer'] Customer[id=3, firstName='Kim', lastName='Bauer']

该项目需要用到的jar包，通过maven的pom.xml获得

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>gs-accessing-data-jpa</artifactId>
<version>0.1.0</version> <parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>0.5.0.M4</version>
</parent> <dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-data-jpa</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
<artifactId>h2</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies> <properties>

<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<start-class>hello.Application</start-class>
</properties> <build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.3.2</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build> <repositories>
<repository>
<id>spring-snapshots</id>
<name>Spring Snapshots</name>
<url>http://repo.spring.io/libs-snapshot</url>
<snapshots>
<enabled>true</enabled>
</snapshots>
</repository>
<repository>
<id>spring-milestones</id>
<name>Spring Milestones</name>
<url>http://repo.spring.io/libs-milestone</url>
<snapshots>
<enabled>false</enabled>
</snapshots>
</repository>
<repository>
<id>org.jboss.repository.releases</id>
<name>JBoss Maven Release Repository</name>
<url>https://repository.jboss.org/nexus/content/repositories/releases</url>
<snapshots>
<enabled>false</enabled>
</snapshots>
</repository>
</repositories> <pluginRepositories>
<pluginRepository>
<id>spring-snapshots</id>
<name>Spring Snapshots</name>
<url>http://repo.spring.io/libs-snapshot</url>
<snapshots>
<enabled>true</enabled>
</snapshots>
</pluginRepository>
<pluginRepository>
<id>spring-milestones</id>
<name>Spring Milestones</name>
<url>http://repo.spring.io/libs-milestone</url>
<snapshots>
<enabled>false</enabled>
</snapshots>
</pluginRepository>
</pluginRepositories></project>