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Spring JavaMail发送邮件
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JavaMail的介绍
JavaMail，顾名思义，提供给开发者处理电子邮件相关的编程接口。它是Sun发布的用来处理email的API。它可以方便地执行一些常用的邮件传输。
虽然JavaMail是Sun的API之一，但它目前还没有被加在标准的java开发工具包中（Java Development Kit），这就意味着你在使用前必须另外下载JavaMail文件。除此以外，你还需要有Sun的JavaBeans Activation Framework （JAF）。JavaBeans Activation Framework的运行很复杂，在这里简单的说就是JavaMail的运行必须得依赖于它的支持。在Windows 2000下使用需要指定这些文件的路径，在其它的操作系统上也类似。
JavaMail是可选包，因此如果需要使用的话你需要首先从java.sun.com下载。目前最新版本是JavaMail1.4，使用JavaMail的时候需要Javabean Activation Framework的支持，因此你也需要下载JAF。安装JavaMail只是需要把他们加入到CLASSPATH中去，如果你不想修改CLASSPATH的话，可以直接把他们的jar包直接copy到JAVA_HOME/lib/ext下。这样JavaMail就安装好了。
JavaMail包中用于处理电子邮件的核心类是：Session,Message,Address,Authenticator,Transport,Store,Folder等。Session定义了一个基本的邮件会话，它需要从Properties中读取类似于邮件服务器，用户名和密码等信息
1.邮件协议
主要包括：
SMTP协议：Simple Mail Transfer Protocol，即简单邮件传输协议，用于发送电子邮件
POP3协议：Post Office Protocol 3，即邮局协议的第三个版本，用于接收邮件
IMAP协议：Internet Message Access Protocol，即互联网消息访问协议，是POP3的替代协议
2.搭建James邮件服务器
James是Apache的一个开源项目，纯Java实现
搭建James服务器
1）下载apache-james-2.3.2.zip解压
2）运行bin目录下的run.bat即可启动服务器
3） 通过apps\james\SAR-INF\config.xml配置服务器
一定注意：先到bin下run一道 放如非中文目录 得再控制面板开启Telnet客户端
Telnet localhost 4555
3.安装OutLook[邮件客户端]
产品秘钥：PQDV9-GPDV4-CRM4D-PHDTH-4M2MT
创建用户账号
一、使用telnet连接James的Remote Administration Tool
二、以管理员身份登录
三、使用adduser命令添加用户
4.配置outlook邮件客户端
为了方便查看，可以配置Microsoft Outlook邮件客户端,保证James邮件服务器是启动状态，启动Microsoft Outlook.
选择“工具”->“选项”，打开“选项”面板。选择“邮件设置”并点击“电子邮件账户”，打开“账号设置”面板。在“电子邮件”选项卡下新建邮件账户
5.案例[搭建James邮件服务器]
需求说明:
在本机搭建James邮件服务器，自定义服务器的名称。
创建两个测试用户。
在Microsoft Outlook中配置其中一个测试用户为Outlook邮件账户
6.使用JavaMail发送电子邮件(案例)
需求：
使用JavaMail技术，实现从A账户给B账户发送一封电子邮件，标题为“会议通知”，邮件内容为“XX你好！请于明天下午16:00 准时到B01会议室召开技术讨论会。”通过Outlook 客户端查看邮件程序发送的邮件是否发送成功
关键代码：
创建一个类EmailAuthenticator并继承自Authenticator，并植入用户名和密码
package cn.mail; import javax.mail.Authenticator;
import javax.mail.PasswordAuthentication; public class EmailAuthenticator extends Authenticator {
private String username; private String userpass; public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
} public void setUserpass(String userpass) {
this.userpass = userpass;
} public EmailAuthenticator() {
} public EmailAuthenticator(String username, String userpass) {
this.username = username;
this.userpass = userpass;
}
public PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication(){
return new PasswordAuthentication(username,userpass);
} }
创建Mail类设置邮件信息：
package cn.mail; import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Properties; import javax.mail.Authenticator;
import javax.mail.Message;
import javax.mail.Session;
import javax.mail.Transport;
import javax.mail.internet.InternetAddress;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage; public class Mail {
private String mailServer,from,to,mailSubject,mailContent;
private String username,password;
public Mail(){
//设置邮件信息
//进行认证登录的用户名
username="zt@mail.com";
//认证密码
password="zt";
//认证的邮箱对应的邮件服务器
mailServer="192.168.17.173";
//发件人信息
from="zt";
//收件人信息
to="jpp@mail.com";
//邮件标题
mailSubject="呵呵";
//邮件内容
mailContent="呵呵火狐";
}
//设置邮件服务器
@SuppressWarnings("static-access")
public void send(){
Properties prop=System.getProperties();
//指定邮件server
prop.put("mail.smtp.host", mailServer); //是否开启认证
prop.put("mail.smtp.auth", "true"); //smtp协议的
prop.put("mail.smtp.port", "25");
//产生Session服务
EmailAuthenticator mailauth=new EmailAuthenticator(username, password);
Session mailSession=Session.getInstance(prop,(Authenticator)mailauth);
try {
//封装Message对象
Message message=new MimeMessage(mailSession); message.setFrom(new InternetAddress(from)); //发件人
message.setRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO, new InternetAddress(to));//收件人
message.setSubject(mailSubject);
//设置内容(设置字符集处理乱码问题)
message.setContent(mailContent,"text/html;charset=gbk");
message.setSentDate(new Date());
//创建Transport实例，发送邮件
Transport tran=mailSession.getTransport("smtp");
tran.send(message,message.getAllRecipients());
tran.close(); } catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
测试类：
package cn.mail;
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Mail mail=new Mail();
mail.send();
System.out.println("success!");
}
}
发送带附件的Mail
MailWithAttachment：
package cn.bdqn; import java.io.IOException; import javax.mail.MessagingException;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeUtility; import org.springframework.core.io.ClassPathResource;
import org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSender;
import org.springframework.mail.javamail.MimeMessageHelper; public class MailWithAttachment {
private JavaMailSender mailSender; //必须使用 JavaMailSender
public void setMailSender(JavaMailSender mailSender) {
this.mailSender = mailSender;
} public void send() throws MessagingException,IOException{
MimeMessage mimeMessage = mailSender.createMimeMessage();
MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper(mimeMessage, true, "UTF-8");
helper.setFrom("zt@mail.com");
helper.setTo("jpp@mail.com"); helper.setSubject("问好");
helper.setText("好久不见，最近好吗？");
//添加附件1
ClassPathResource file1 = new ClassPathResource(
"/cn/bdqn/attachfiles/test.doc");
helper.addAttachment(file1.getFilename(), file1.getFile());
//添加附件2：附件的文件名为中文时，需要对文件名进行编码转换，解决乱码问题
ClassPathResource file2 = new ClassPathResource(
"/cn/bdqn/attachfiles/附件测试文件.doc");
helper.addAttachment(MimeUtility.encodeWord(file2.getFilename()),file2.getFile());
mailSender.send(mimeMessage);
}
}
测试类：
package cn.bdqn; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; public class MailTest {
public static void main(String[] args){
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml"); /*测试带附件的邮件*/
try{
MailWithAttachment mailWithAttach = (MailWithAttachment)context.getBean("mailWithAttachment");
mailWithAttach.send();
}catch(Exception e){
System.out.print(e.toString());
}
}
}
applicationContext.xml：大配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans
xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd">
<bean id="mailSender" class="org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSenderImpl">
<property name="host" value="192.168.17.173"></property><!-- 服务器 -->
<property name="port" value="25"></property><!-- 端口 -->
<property name="username" value="jpp"></property><!-- 用户名 -->
<property name="password" value="jpp"></property><!-- 密码 -->
<property name="protocol" value="smtp" ></property><!-- 协议 -->
<property name="defaultEncoding" value="utf-8"></property><!-- 默认编码 -->
<property name="javaMailProperties">
<props>
<!-- 设置SMTP服务器需要用户验证 -->
<prop key="mail.smtp.auth">true</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean> <bean id="mailWithAttachment" class="cn.bdqn.MailWithAttachment">
<property name="mailSender" ref="mailSender"></property>
</bean> </beans>
发送带图片的mail
Mail.com
package cn.bdqn.pojo;
import java.io.File;
public class Mail {
private String from;
private String to;
private String subject;
private String content;
private File file;
private String fileName;
public Mail(){}
public Mail(String from, String to, String subject, String content, File file, String fileName){
this.from = from;
this.to = to;
this.subject = subject;
this.content = content;
this.file = file;
this.fileName = fileName;
}
public String getFrom() {
return from;
}
public void setFrom(String from) {
this.from = from;
}
public String getTo() {
return to;
}
public void setTo(String to) {
this.to = to;
}
public String getSubject() {
return subject;
}
public void setSubject(String subject) {
this.subject = subject;
}
public String getContent() {
return content;
}
public void setContent(String content) {
this.content = content;
}
public File getFile() {
return file;
}
public void setFile(File file) {
this.file = file;
}
public String getFileName() {
return fileName;
}
public void setFileName(String fileName) {
this.fileName = fileName;
}
}
MailService:
package cn.bdqn.service; import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeUtility; import org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSender;
import org.springframework.mail.javamail.MimeMessageHelper; import cn.bdqn.pojo.Mail; public class MailService {
private JavaMailSender mailSender; public void setMailSender(JavaMailSender mailSender) {
this.mailSender = mailSender;
}
public void sendMail(Mail mail){
try{
MimeMessage mimeMessage = mailSender.createMimeMessage();
MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper(mimeMessage, true, "UTF-8");
helper.setFrom("jpp@mail.com");
helper.setTo(mail.getTo()); helper.setSubject(mail.getSubject());
helper.setText(mail.getContent());
//（1）要直接使用带后缀的文件名全称， （2）需要处理中文乱码问题
helper.addAttachment(MimeUtility.encodeWord(mail.getFileName()),mail.getFile());
mailSender.send(mimeMessage);
}catch(Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
SendMailAction:
package cn.bdqn.action; import java.io.File; import cn.bdqn.pojo.Mail;
import cn.bdqn.service.MailService; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport; public class SendMailAction extends ActionSupport{
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; private MailService mailService =null;
private String from;
private String to;
private String subject;
private String content;
private File upload;
private String uploadFileName; @Override
public String execute() throws Exception {
Mail mail = new Mail(getFrom(),getTo(),getSubject(),getContent(),getUpload(),getUploadFileName());
mailService.sendMail(mail); return "success";
} public void setMailService(MailService mailService) {
this.mailService = mailService;
} public File getUpload() {
return upload;
} public void setUpload(File upload) {
this.upload = upload;
}
public String getFrom() {
return from;
} public void setFrom(String from) {
this.from = from;
} public String getTo() {
return to;
} public void setTo(String to) {
this.to = to;
} public String getSubject() {
return subject;
} public void setSubject(String subject) {
this.subject = subject;
} public String getContent() {
return content;
} public void setContent(String content) {
this.content = content;
} public String getUploadFileName() {
return uploadFileName;
} public void setUploadFileName(String uploadFileName) {
this.uploadFileName = uploadFileName;
}
}
applicationContext.xml：大配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans
xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd"> <bean id="mailSender" class="org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSenderImpl">
<property name="host" value="192.168.8.71"></property><!-- 服务器 -->
<property name="port" value="25"></property><!-- 端口 -->
<property name="username" value="jpp"></property><!-- 用户名 -->
<property name="password" value="jpp"></property><!-- 密码 -->
<property name="protocol" value="smtp" ></property><!-- 协议 -->
<property name="defaultEncoding" value="utf-8"></property><!-- 默认编码 -->
<property name="javaMailProperties">
<props>
<!-- 设置SMTP服务器需要用户验证 -->
<prop key="mail.smtp.auth">true</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean> <bean id="mailService" class="cn.bdqn.service.MailService">
<property name="mailSender" ref="mailSender"></property>
</bean> </beans>
struts.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.1//EN" "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.1.dtd">
<struts>
<constant name="struts.i18n.encoding" value="UTF-8"/>
<package name="default" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
<action name="sendmailAction" class="cn.bdqn.action.SendMailAction">
<result name="success">/sendmail_success.jsp</result>
</action>
</package> </struts>
web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="3.0"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd">
<display-name></display-name>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list> <!-- struts2的配置文件 -->
<filter>
<filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
<filter-class>
org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter
</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
<!-- <url-pattern>*.action</url-pattern> -->
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping> <!-- Spring的配置信息 -->
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
</context-param> <listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<!-- <filter>
<filter-name>OpenSessionInViewFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>
org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.OpenSessionInViewFilter
</filter-class>
</filter> -->
<!-- <filter-mapping>
<filter-name>OpenSessionInViewFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>*.action</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping> -->
</web-app>
index.jsp
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<%@taglib uri="/struts-tags" prefix="s"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%> <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<base href="<%=basePath%>"> <title>邮件发送页</title>
<meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">
<meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
<meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
<!--
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
-->
</head> <body>
<H2>邮件发送</H2><br>
<s:form action="sendmailAction" enctype="multipart/form-data" method="post">
<s:textfield name="from" label="发件人" value="tina@mail.com"/>
<s:textfield name="to" label="收件人"/>
<s:textfield name="subject" label="主题"/>
<s:textarea name="content" label="内容"/>
<s:file name="upload" lable="选择附件"/>
<s:submit name="submit" value="发送邮件"/>
</s:form> </body>
</html>
sendmail_success.jsp
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@taglib uri="/struts-tags" prefix="s"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%> <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<base href="<%=basePath%>"> <title>成功页</title> <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">
<meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
<meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
<!--
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
--> </head> <body>
<H2>邮件发送成功！</H2>
</body>
</html>
