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Spring MVC 异步测试
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从spring3.2开始,支持servlet3的异步请求,这对于处理耗时的请求如缓慢的数据库查询是非常有好处的,不至于很快的耗光servlet的线程池,影响可扩展性。
让我们先来了解一下servlet是怎么处理异步操作的:
- 通过调用request.startAsync(),ServletRequest就变成异步模式。主要的影响是Servlet、Filter会退出,但是Response保持打开用来完成请求处理。
-
调用request.startAsync()返回AsyncContext实例,可进一步控制异步处理。例如,它提供dispatch方法,可
以从应用线程调用以分发请求回Servlet容器。异步调度和forward的方式是相似的,但是异步调度是由应用线程到Servlet容器线程产生的,
而forward的方式是同时发生在相同的Servlet容器线程。 - ServletRequest提供当前的DispatcherType,它可以用来在异步调度中区分正在处理的初始请求线程是Servlet还是Filter。
接着来看一下callable是怎么处理异步操作的:
- Controller返回一个Callable实例;
- Spring MVC开始异步处理并在一个单独的线程中,提交Callable实例给TaskExecutor处理;
- DispatcherServlet和所有的Filter退出请求线程但是response保存打开;
- Callable返回结果,Spring MVC分发请求回Servlet容器;
- DispatcherServlet重新调用并继续处理从Callable实例中异步返回的结果。
现在来看一下代码是怎么实现的
1、pom.xml
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>3.1.0</version>
</dependency> <dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
<version>3.2.13.RELEASE</version>
</dependency> <dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>3.2.13.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
2、applicationContext-mvc.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/task http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
"> <context:component-scan base-package="com.test"/> <mvc:annotation-driven>
<!-- 配置超时时间 -->
<mvc:async-support default-timeout="3000">
<!-- 这里可以配置callable或者deferred-result拦截器 -->
</mvc:async-support>
</mvc:annotation-driven>
</beans>
3、web.xml , 当有 很多 filter 时,filter 也一定要添加异步支持
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"
version="3.0"> <filter>
<filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<async-supported>true</async-supported>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
<param-value>true</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter> <filter-mapping>
<filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping> <servlet>
<servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath*:applicationContext-mvc.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
<async-supported>true</async-supported>
</servlet> <servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
web.xml需要声明
web-app_3_0.xsd
和
version=”3.0″
,启用异步支持
<async-supported>true</async-supported>
4、CallableController.java
package com.test.controller; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.ModelMap;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView; import java.util.concurrent.Callable; /**
* spring实现方式:
* 1、把任务提交给Executor异步执行
*/
@Controller
public class CallableController { @RequestMapping(value = "/callable1", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public Callable<String> callable1(final ModelMap modelMap) {
return new Callable<String>() {
public String call() throws Exception {
Thread.sleep(2 * 1000L); //暂停2秒return "hello callable";
}
};
}
}
5,tomcat 部分,如果 tomcat 部署有 session 分页式缓存插件,则在插件配置的地方,也要添加异步支持:
<!-- redis 缓存支持 -->
<Valve className="com.radiadesign.catalina.session.RedisSessionHandlerValve" asyncSupported="true" />
<Manager className="com.radiadesign.catalina.session.RedisSessionManager"
host="localhost"
port="6379"
database="0"
maxInactiveInterval="60" />
6, 启动服务,测试:
http://localhost:8088/test/callable1
7, rsp:
hello callable






