Spring 环境与profile(一)——超简用例

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什么是profile,为什么需要profile?

在开发时，不同环境（开发、联调、预发、正式等）所需的配置不同导致，如果每改变一个环境就更改配置不但麻烦（修改代码、重新构建）而且容易出错。Spring提供了解决方案。

方法一：配置profile bean

@Configuration

public class DataSourceConfig {

  //Spring 引入@Profile 制定某个bean属于哪个profile

  //在方法级别上使用@Profile注解
  @Bean

  @Profile("dev")

  public DataSource embeddedDataSource() {

    return new EmbeddedDatabaseBuilder()

        .setType(EmbeddedDatabaseType.H2)

        .addScript("classpath:schema.sql")

        .addScript("classpath:dev-data.sql")

        .build();

  }

  @Bean

  @Profile("prod")

  public DataSource embeddedDataSourceDev() {

    return new EmbeddedDatabaseBuilder()

            .setType(EmbeddedDatabaseType.H2)

            .addScript("classpath:schema.sql")

            .addScript("classpath:prod-data.sql")

            .build();

  }

}

在同一个类的不同方法上使用@Profile注解与@Bean一起使用

方法二：在XML中配置bean

与方法一等价的方式

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc"

  xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"

  xsi:schemaLocation="

    http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee

    http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee.xsd

    http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc

    http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc.xsd

    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans

    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

  <beans profile="dev">

    <jdbc:embedded-database id="dataSource" type="H2">

      <jdbc:script location="classpath:schema.sql" />

      <jdbc:script location="classpath:dev-data.sql" />

    </jdbc:embedded-database>

  </beans>

  <beans profile="prod">

    <jdbc:embedded-database id="dataSource" type="H2">

      <jdbc:script location="classpath:schema.sql" />

      <jdbc:script location="classpath:prod-data.sql" />

    </jdbc:embedded-database>

  </beans>

</beans>

激活profile

Spring在确定哪个profile处于激活状态时，需要依赖两个独立属性：sping.profiles.active和spring.profiles.default。Spring提供了@ActiveProfiles用来指定运行测试时要激活哪个profile,如果没有指定sping.profiles.active，会采用spring.profiles.default的默认值。

测试

package profiles;

import static org.junit.Assert.*;

import java.sql.ResultSet;

import java.sql.SQLException;

import java.util.List;

import javax.sql.DataSource;

import org.junit.Test;

import org.junit.runner.RunWith;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;

import org.springframework.jdbc.core.RowMapper;

import org.springframework.test.context.ActiveProfiles;

import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;

import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;

import com.myapp.DataSourceConfig;

public class DataSourceConfigTest {

  @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)

  @ContextConfiguration(classes=DataSourceConfig.class)

  @ActiveProfiles("dev")

  public static class DevDataSourceTest {

    @Autowired

    private DataSource dataSource;

    @Test

    public void shouldBeEmbeddedDatasource() {

      assertNotNull(dataSource);

      JdbcTemplate jdbc = new JdbcTemplate(dataSource);

      List<String> results = jdbc.query("select id, name from Things", new RowMapper<String>() {

        @Override

        public String mapRow(ResultSet rs, int rowNum) throws SQLException {

          return rs.getLong("id") + ":" + rs.getString("name");

        }

      });

      assertEquals(1, results.size());

      assertEquals("1:A", results.get(0));

    }

  }

  @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)

  @ContextConfiguration("classpath:datasource-config.xml")

  @ActiveProfiles("prod")

  public static class ProductionDataSourceTest_XMLConfig {

    @Autowired

    private DataSource dataSource;

    @Test

    public void shouldBeEmbeddedDatasource() {

      assertNotNull(dataSource);

      JdbcTemplate jdbc = new JdbcTemplate(dataSource);

      List<String> results = jdbc.query("select id, name from Things", new RowMapper<String>() {

        @Override

        public String mapRow(ResultSet rs, int rowNum) throws SQLException {

          return rs.getLong("id") + ":" + rs.getString("name");

        }

      });

      assertEquals(1, results.size());

      assertEquals("1:B", results.get(0));

    }

  }

}