SpringBoot自动配置的实现原理

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之前一直在用SpringBoot框架，一直感觉SpringBoot框架自动配置的功能很强大，但是并没有明白它是怎么实现自动配置的，现在有空研究了一下，大概明白了SpringBoot框架是怎么实现自动配置的功能，我们编写一个最简单的自动配置功能，大概的总结一下.

一,配置属性类

其实就是值对象注入的方式去配置一些Spring常用的配置，我们编写一个最简单的配置对象。

@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "hello")
//@Component //如果这里添加了注解那么在自动配置类的时候就不用添加@enableConfigurationProperties(HelloProperties.class)注解.
public class HelloProperties { private String msg="default";//现在我们在配置文件写hello.msg=world,因为简单就不再展示;如果那么默认为default. public String getMsg() {
return msg;
} public void setMsg(String msg) {
this.msg = msg;
}
}

这是一个简单的属性值对象，那么相当于写死的字段就是SpringBoot为我们自动配置的配置，那么我们很多时候可以自己在application.properties中修改某些配置就是这样的道理，我们不设置就是默认的，设置了就是我们设置的属性。

二,自动配置类

上面已经构建了我们简单的属性对象，那么现在我们要通过属性对象得到相应的属性值将其注入到我们的Bean中，这些Bean也就是一些SpringBoot启动后为我们自动配置生成的Bean，当然SpringBoot优先使用我们配置的Bean这个功能是如何实现的,我们往下看一下就明白了。

首先我们需要一个功能Bean，可以把这个Bean看做是SpringBoot框架启动后在容器里面生成的为我们服务的内置Bean,简单的写一个。

//@Component 这里很重要，如果我们添加了这个注解那么，按照我们下面的设置SpringBoot会优先使用我们配置的这个Bean，这是符合SpringBoot框架优先使用自定义Bean的原则的。
public class HelloService { private String msg = "service";//如果自动配置没有读入成功，那么为默认值 public String say() {
return "hello " + msg;
}//为我们服务的方法 public String getMsg() {
return msg;
} public void setMsg(String msg) {
this.msg = msg;
}
}

现在编写我们的自动配置类。

@Configuration //配置类
@EnableConfigurationProperties(HelloProperties.class)//这里就是前面说的，这个注解读入我们的配置对象类
@ConditionalOnClass(HelloService.class)//当类路径存在这个类时才会加载这个配置类，否则跳过,这个很有用比如不同jar包间类依赖，依赖的类不存在直接跳过，不会报错
public class HelloAutoConfiguration { @Autowired
private HelloProperties helloProperties; @Bean
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(HelloService.class)//这个配置就是SpringBoot可以优先使用自定义Bean的核心所在，如果没有我们的自定义Bean那么才会自动配置一个新的Bean
public HelloService auto(){
HelloService helloService =new HelloService();
helloService.setMsg(helloProperties.getMsg());
return helloService;
}}

好了现在自动配置的类也写好了，我们可以启动一下SpringBoot应用，测试一下。

三,测试自动配置

@SpringBootApplication
@RestController
public class MyRun { @Autowired
private HelloService helloService; @RequestMapping("/auto/home")
public String home(){
return helloService.say();
} public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(MyRun.class,args);
}
}

ok ,运行后访问你会看到：

hello world

代表我们的自动配置功能成功。

四,SpringBoot管理自动配置

其实在很多时候我们的配置是在很多jar包里的，那么我们新的应用该怎么读入这些jar包里的配置文件呢，SpringBoot是这样管理的。

最主要的注解就是@enableAutoConfiguration,而这个注解会导入一个EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector的类,而这个类会去读取一个spring.factories下key为EnableAutoConfiguration全限定名对应值.

# Auto Configure
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.admin.SpringApplicationAdminJmxAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.aop.AopAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.amqp.RabbitAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.MessageSourceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.PropertyPlaceholderAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.batch.BatchAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cache.CacheAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cassandra.CassandraAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cloud.CloudAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.ConfigurationPropertiesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.couchbase.CouchbaseAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.dao.PersistenceExceptionTranslationAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.jpa.JpaRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.neo4j.Neo4jDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.neo4j.Neo4jRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.solr.SolrRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.rest.RepositoryRestMvcAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.web.SpringDataWebAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.elasticsearch.jest.JestAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.freemarker.FreeMarkerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.gson.GsonAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.h2.H2ConsoleAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hateoas.HypermediaAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hazelcast.HazelcastAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hazelcast.HazelcastJpaDependencyAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.info.ProjectInfoAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.integration.IntegrationAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jackson.JacksonAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.JdbcTemplateAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.JndiDataSourceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.XADataSourceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceTransactionManagerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.JmsAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jmx.JmxAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.JndiConnectionFactoryAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.activemq.ActiveMQAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.artemis.ArtemisAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.hornetq.HornetQAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.flyway.FlywayAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.groovy.template.GroovyTemplateAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jersey.JerseyAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jooq.JooqAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.liquibase.LiquibaseAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mail.MailSenderAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mail.MailSenderValidatorAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mobile.DeviceResolverAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mobile.DeviceDelegatingViewResolverAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mobile.SitePreferenceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.embedded.EmbeddedMongoAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.MongoAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mustache.MustacheAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.reactor.ReactorAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.SecurityAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.SecurityFilterAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.FallbackWebSecurityAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.OAuth2AutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.sendgrid.SendGridAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.session.SessionAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.social.SocialWebAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.social.FacebookAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.social.LinkedInAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.social.TwitterAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.solr.SolrAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.velocity.VelocityAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.thymeleaf.ThymeleafAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.transaction.TransactionAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.transaction.jta.JtaAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.EmbeddedServletContainerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.HttpMessageConvertersAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.MultipartAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.ServerPropertiesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.WebClientAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.WebMvcAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.WebSocketAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.WebSocketMessagingAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.webservices.WebServicesAutoConfiguration