Android内存分析工具

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在Android系统开发过程中，经常会要去分析进程的内存的使用情况，简单介绍下Android内存分析的相关工具。

文章参考:

1.dumpsys

2.memory-analysis-command

1.内存的指标

Item	全称	描述	类型
USS	Unique Set Size	进程独占的内存（不包含共享库占用的内存）	物理内存
PSS	Proportional Set Size	进程独占 + 比例分配共享库占用的内存	物理内存
RSS	Resident Set Size	进程独占 + 共享库占用的内存	物理内存
VSS	Virtual Set Size	RSS + 未分配的物理内存	虚拟内存

2.内存分析工具

2.1 proc/meminfo

查看详细的内存信息

# cat /proc/meminfoMemTotal: 3938668 kB MemFree: 2766932 kB MemAvailable: 3366724 kB Buffers: 54764 kB Cached: 683932 kB SwapCached: 0 kB Active: 468604 kB Inactive: 493776 kB Active(anon): 226044 kB Inactive(anon): 114680 kB Active(file): 242560 kB Inactive(file): 379096 kB Unevictable: 256 kB Mlocked: 256 kB SwapTotal: 1969000 kB SwapFree: 1969000 kB Dirty: 0 kB Writeback: 0 kB AnonPages: 223980 kB Mapped: 376328 kB Shmem: 117060 kB Slab: 119740 kB SReclaimable: 80184 kB SUnreclaim: 39556 kB KernelStack: 11872 kB PageTables: 15752 kB NFS_Unstable: 0 kB Bounce: 0 kB WritebackTmp: 0 kB CommitLimit: 3938332 kB Committed_AS: 40624220 kB VmallocTotal: 258867136 kB VmallocUsed: 0 kB VmallocChunk: 0 kB CmaTotal: 16384 kB CmaFree: 13892 kB

MemTotal：表示系统内存总数
系统从上电启动到引导完成，内核中需要保留部分内存，剩下的内存总数即为 MemTotal，这个值在系统运行期间保持不变。
MemFree：空闲内存总数
表示系统中尚未使用的内存， MemTotal - MemFree 表示已经用掉的内存。
MemAvailable：可用内存
应用程序可用内存数，系统中存在一些已经被使用但是可以回收的内存，比如Buffers、Cached和slab的部分，所以 MemFree 不能代表全部可用的内存，加上可以回收的内存才是系统可用内存的总和。
比如 MemAvailable ≈ MemFree + Buffers + Cached，这里是内核计算出来的估值。MemFree表示系统层面，MemAvailable泛指应用层面。
Buffers：缓冲区内存
Cached：缓存区内存

2.2 free

# free total used free shared buffers Mem: 4033196032 1199968256 2833227776 119869440 56078336 -/+ buffers/cache: 1143889920 2889306112 Swap: 2016256000 0 2016256000# free -m total used free shared buffers Mem: 3846 1144 2701 114 53 -/+ buffers/cache: 1091 2755 Swap: 1922 0 1922

轻量级的内存查看工具，内容来源于proc/meminfo.

Mem.total = Mem.used + Mem.free，即 3846 = 1144 + 2701；

Mem.used - Mem.buffers = buffers.used，即 1144 - 53 = 1091；

Mem.free + Mem.buffers = buffers.free, 即 2701 + 53 = 2755；

2.3 dumpsys meminfo

输出的结果大致按照4个部分排序，分别Total PSS by process、Total PSS by OOM adjustment、Total PSS by category 和 Total RAM.

Total PSS by process：以进程的PSS从大到小排序

Total PSS by OOM adjustment：分别显示每个类型进程的情况，Native/System/Persistent/Foreground/Visible/Perceptible/A Services/Home/B Services/Cached.

Total PSS by category：以Dalvik/Native/.art mmap/.dex map等划分的各类进程的总PSS情况

Total：显示总内存、可用内存、已使用内存、其他内存.

# dumpsys meminfoApplications Memory Usage (in Kilobytes): Uptime: 18012360 Realtime: 92063532Total PSS by process: 93,509K: system (pid 469) 79,586K: com.android.systemui (pid 628) 63,474K: zygote (pid 378) 32,858K: com.android.launcher3 (pid 1054 / activities) 28,094K: zygote64 (pid 377) 25,557K: webview_zygote32 (pid 687) 25,377K: com.android.phone (pid 749) 18,679K: android.hardware.neuralnetworks@1.0-service-armnn (pid 263) 15,488K: com.android.inputmethod.latin (pid 606) 13,830K: surfaceflinger (pid 269) 13,543K: android.process.media (pid 1170) 12,843K: com.android.email (pid 1302) 10,147K: android.hardware.camera.provider@2.4-service (pid 255) 9,675K: android.rockchip.update.service (pid 1140) 8,219K: com.android.calendar (pid 1850) 8,027K: com.android.providers.calendar (pid 1284) 7,646K: mediaserver (pid 387) 6,977K: com.android.quicksearchbox (pid 1190) 6,827K: com.android.mtp (pid 1876) 6,820K: media.codec (pid 391) 6,675K: com.android.printspooler (pid 1021) 6,587K: audioserver (pid 379) 6,504K: com.cghs.stresstest (pid 1011) 6,449K: media.extractor (pid 385) 6,246K: android.ext.services (pid 1407) 5,812K: com.android.keychain (pid 1114) 5,633K: com.android.smspush (pid 1069) 4,095K: android.hardware.audio@2.0-service (pid 253) 3,916K: cameraserver (pid 380) 3,191K: media.metrics (pid 386) 2,998K: android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.1-service (pid 261) 2,910K: logd (pid 232) 2,803K: drmserver (pid 381) 2,789K: android.hardware.wifi@1.0-service (pid 266) 2,442K: android.hardware.drm@1.0-service (pid 258) 2,405K: vold (pid 245) 2,214K: netd (pid 388) 1,970K: android.hardware.drm@1.0-service.widevine (pid 259) 1,799K: keystore (pid 383) 1,798K: installd (pid 382) 1,707K: /init (pid 1) 1,642K: hwservicemanager (pid 234) 1,509K: adbd (pid 1841) 1,497K: wificond (pid 390) 1,430K: android.hardware.sensors@1.0-service (pid 265) 1,410K: android.hardware.keymaster@3.0-service (pid 244) 1,276K: mediadrmserver (pid 384) 1,243K: android.hardware.graphics.allocator@2.0-service (pid 260) 1,241K: ip6tables-restore (pid 403) 1,234K: gatekeeperd (pid 393) 1,163K: iptables-restore (pid 402) 1,158K: ueventd (pid 207) 1,133K: thermalserviced (pid 270) 1,082K: storaged (pid 389) 1,034K: android.hardware.bluetooth@1.0-service (pid 254) 1,009K: android.hardware.configstore@1.0-service (pid 257) 1,005K: android.hardware.cas@1.0-service (pid 256) 985K: healthd (pid 267) 888K: android.hardware.light@2.0-service (pid 262) 861K: android.hardware.power@1.0-service (pid 264) 839K: servicemanager (pid 233) 801K: vndservicemanager (pid 235) 770K: dumpsys (pid 2032) 759K: android.hidl.allocator@1.0-service (pid 252) 733K: sh (pid 1983) 724K: sh (pid 274) 676K: lmkd (pid 268) 658K: tombstoned (pid 395)Total PSS by OOM adjustment: 253,080K: Native 63,474K: zygote (pid 378) 28,094K: zygote64 (pid 377) 25,557K: webview_zygote32 (pid 687) 18,679K: android.hardware.neuralnetworks@1.0-service-armnn (pid 263) 13,830K: surfaceflinger (pid 269) 10,147K: android.hardware.camera.provider@2.4-service (pid 255) 7,646K: mediaserver (pid 387) 6,820K: media.codec (pid 391) 6,587K: audioserver (pid 379) 6,449K: media.extractor (pid 385) 4,095K: android.hardware.audio@2.0-service (pid 253) 3,916K: cameraserver (pid 380) 3,191K: media.metrics (pid 386) 2,998K: android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.1-service (pid 261) 2,910K: logd (pid 232) 2,803K: drmserver (pid 381) 2,789K: android.hardware.wifi@1.0-service (pid 266) 2,442K: android.hardware.drm@1.0-service (pid 258) 2,405K: vold (pid 245) 2,214K: netd (pid 388) 1,970K: android.hardware.drm@1.0-service.widevine (pid 259) 1,799K: keystore (pid 383) 1,798K: installd (pid 382) 1,707K: /init (pid 1) 1,642K: hwservicemanager (pid 234) 1,509K: adbd (pid 1841) 1,497K: wificond (pid 390) 1,430K: android.hardware.sensors@1.0-service (pid 265) 1,410K: android.hardware.keymaster@3.0-service (pid 244) 1,276K: mediadrmserver (pid 384) 1,243K: android.hardware.graphics.allocator@2.0-service (pid 260) 1,241K: ip6tables-restore (pid 403) 1,234K: gatekeeperd (pid 393) 1,163K: iptables-restore (pid 402) 1,158K: ueventd (pid 207) 1,133K: thermalserviced (pid 270) 1,082K: storaged (pid 389) 1,034K: android.hardware.bluetooth@1.0-service (pid 254) 1,009K: android.hardware.configstore@1.0-service (pid 257) 1,005K: android.hardware.cas@1.0-service (pid 256) 985K: healthd (pid 267) 888K: android.hardware.light@2.0-service (pid 262) 861K: android.hardware.power@1.0-service (pid 264) 839K: servicemanager (pid 233) 801K: vndservicemanager (pid 235) 770K: dumpsys (pid 2032) 759K: android.hidl.allocator@1.0-service (pid 252) 733K: sh (pid 1983) 724K: sh (pid 274) 676K: lmkd (pid 268) 658K: tombstoned (pid 395) 93,509K: System 93,509K: system (pid 469) 111,467K: Persistent 79,586K: com.android.systemui (pid 628) 25,377K: com.android.phone (pid 749) 6,504K: com.cghs.stresstest (pid 1011) 32,858K: Foreground 32,858K: com.android.launcher3 (pid 1054 / activities) 5,633K: Visible 5,633K: com.android.smspush (pid 1069) 15,488K: Perceptible 15,488K: com.android.inputmethod.latin (pid 606) 9,675K: B Services 9,675K: android.rockchip.update.service (pid 1140) 75,169K: Cached 13,543K: android.process.media (pid 1170) 12,843K: com.android.email (pid 1302) 8,219K: com.android.calendar (pid 1850) 8,027K: com.android.providers.calendar (pid 1284) 6,977K: com.android.quicksearchbox (pid 1190) 6,827K: com.android.mtp (pid 1876) 6,675K: com.android.printspooler (pid 1021) 6,246K: android.ext.services (pid 1407) 5,812K: com.android.keychain (pid 1114)Total PSS by category: 157,906K: .so mmap 109,632K: Native 106,914K: .dex mmap 56,243K: .oat mmap 44,939K: .apk mmap 32,029K: .art mmap 24,460K: Unknown 23,246K: Dalvik 18,957K: Other mmap 11,423K: .ttf mmap 7,471K: Dalvik Other 2,288K: Stack 879K: Other dev 320K: Ashmem 172K: .jar mmap 0K: Cursor 0K: Gfx dev 0K: EGL mtrack 0K: GL mtrack 0K: Other mtrackTotal RAM: 3,938,668K (status normal) Free RAM: 3,283,817K ( 75,169K cached pss + 442,724K cached kernel + 2,765,924K free) Used RAM: 750,258K ( 521,710K used pss + 228,548K kernel) Lost RAM: -95,419K ZRAM: 12K physical used for 0K in swap (1,969,000K total swap) Tuning: 192 (large 512), oom 322,560K, restore limit 107,520K (high-end-gfx)

2.4 procrank

获取所有进程的内存使用的排行榜，排行是以Pss的大小而排序.

# procrank PID Vss Rss Pss Uss cmdline 469 4715244K 199568K 93953K 76772K system_server 628 4774604K 184272K 79868K 63260K com.android.systemui 378 1581340K 116848K 63536K 35956K zygote 1054 5048780K 130504K 33086K 20376K com.android.launcher3 377 4239348K 130300K 28338K 8012K zygote64 687 1333924K 54604K 25609K 5504K /system/bin/webview_zygote32 749 4338336K 108900K 25539K 16612K com.android.phone 263 75200K 27620K 18690K 16088K /vendor/bin/hw/android.hardware.neuralnetworks@1.0-service-armnn 606 4330764K 91380K 15649K 9656K com.android.inputmethod.latin 269 312884K 27868K 13869K 10336K /system/bin/surfaceflinger 1170 4321764K 92900K 13701K 6336K android.process.media 1302 4323936K 84736K 13004K 8064K com.android.email 255 53284K 21308K 10199K 6972K /vendor/bin/hw/android.hardware.camera.provider@2.4-service 1140 4317440K 82832K 9876K 3808K android.rockchip.update.service 1850 4318536K 75692K 8379K 4096K com.android.calendar 1284 4315752K 77148K 8185K 3796K com.android.providers.calendar 387 73924K 18420K 7686K 5064K /system/bin/mediaserver 1190 4315400K 71948K 7137K 2800K com.android.quicksearchbox 1876 4315996K 74824K 6986K 2668K com.android.mtp 391 31860K 12104K 6845K 5644K media.codec 1021 4315960K 70452K 6835K 3020K com.android.printspooler 1011 4314012K 69076K 6658K 2864K com.cghs.stresstest 379 43520K 12616K 6621K 4920K /system/bin/audioserver 385 2164032K 18588K 6493K 4324K media.extractor 1407 4315816K 70584K 6403K 2296K android.ext.services 1114 4314788K 69144K 5972K 2240K com.android.keychain 1069 4313648K 67308K 5792K 2156K com.android.smspush 253 16256K 7892K 4116K 2808K /vendor/bin/hw/android.hardware.audio@2.0-service 380 24908K 11124K 3948K 2544K /system/bin/cameraserver 386 2128240K 11312K 3220K 2156K media.metrics 261 33120K 7556K 3022K 2432K /vendor/bin/hw/android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.1-service 232 19996K 5304K 2915K 2820K /system/bin/logd 381 18964K 9884K 2836K 1652K /system/bin/drmserver 266 14404K 6140K 2798K 2604K /vendor/bin/hw/android.hardware.wifi@1.0-service 258 12756K 6560K 2463K 1904K /vendor/bin/hw/android.hardware.drm@1.0-service 245 55064K 7468K 2421K 2024K /system/bin/vold 388 31004K 6548K 2225K 1980K /system/bin/netd 259 11140K 5328K 1985K 1588K /vendor/bin/hw/android.hardware.drm@1.0-service.widevine 383 19280K 6492K 1811K 1348K /system/bin/keystore 382 19676K 5636K 1809K 1616K /system/bin/installd 1 11968K 2436K 1714K 1092K /init 234 14408K 5576K 1653K 1352K /system/bin/hwservicemanager 1841 12932K 1700K 1511K 1504K /system/bin/adbd 390 15096K 5632K 1507K 1312K /system/bin/wificond 265 16888K 5044K 1439K 1164K /vendor/bin/hw/android.hardware.sensors@1.0-service 244 14848K 5904K 1422K 928K /vendor/bin/hw/android.hardware.keymaster@3.0-service 384 10688K 5308K 1297K 804K /system/bin/mediadrmserver 260 17480K 5224K 1261K 960K /vendor/bin/hw/android.hardware.graphics.allocator@2.0-service 393 15560K 5612K 1245K 1000K /system/bin/gatekeeperd 403 9468K 3296K 1244K 1188K /system/bin/ip6tables-restore 402 9452K 3200K 1165K 1116K /system/bin/iptables-restore 207 6080K 1768K 1158K 568K /sbin/ueventd 2038 16940K 3304K 1145K 1088K procrank 270 13924K 5000K 1142K 944K /system/bin/thermalserviced 389 15988K 4292K 1090K 960K /system/bin/storaged 254 12244K 4212K 1042K 868K /vendor/bin/hw/android.hardware.bluetooth@1.0-service 256 9048K 4108K 1018K 596K /vendor/bin/hw/android.hardware.cas@1.0-service 257 15372K 4372K 1017K 828K /vendor/bin/hw/android.hardware.configstore@1.0-service 267 13464K 4504K 993K 860K /system/bin/healthd 262 12136K 4168K 896K 676K /vendor/bin/hw/android.hardware.light@2.0-service 264 12140K 4168K 870K 668K /vendor/bin/hw/android.hardware.power@1.0-service 233 10444K 3428K 848K 760K /system/bin/servicemanager 235 10244K 3256K 805K 696K /vendor/bin/vndservicemanager 252 12088K 4088K 767K 636K /system/bin/hw/android.hidl.allocator@1.0-service 1983 8932K 3008K 736K 548K /system/bin/sh 274 8932K 2944K 727K 540K /system/bin/sh 268 9180K 3072K 681K 624K /system/bin/lmkd 395 9028K 3004K 662K 600K /system/bin/tombstoned ------ ------ ------ 601566K 385996K TOTAL RAM: 3938668K total, 2765940K free, 54772K buffers, 683920K cached, 117060K shmem, 119748K slab

2.5 showmap

该命令的输出每一行代表一个虚拟地址区域（vm_area），内容基本和proc/pid/maps基本一致.

# showmap -a 1302 start end virtual shared shared private private addr addr size RSS PSS clean dirty clean dirty swap swapPSSobject -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- ------------------------------ 0b65b000 0b65c000 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 [anon:thread stack guard page]

start addr: 虚拟地址的起始地址

end addr: 虚拟地址的结束地址

virutal size: 占用虚拟内存大小

RSS：进程独占内存 + 共享库占用内存的物理内存

PSS：进程独占内存 + 比例分配共享库占用的物理内存

shared：共享数据

private：私有数据