我的Android进阶之旅------>使用ThumbnailUtils类获取视频的缩略图

今天看了一段代码，是关于获取视频的缩略图的，让我认识了一个ThumbnailUtils类，代码如下。

Bitmap bitmap = ThumbnailUtils.createVideoThumbnail(path, Thumbnails.MINI_KIND); //用于获取视频的缩略图BitmapDrawable background=new BitmapDrawable(bitmap);

通过察看android.media.ThumbnailUtils的源码，可以发现该类提供了三种静态方法可以直接调用获取，从而可以帮助我们获取系统视频或图片文件的缩略图。

第一个方法可以用来创建一张视频的缩略图，如果视频已损坏或者格式不支持可能返回null

/**
* Create a video thumbnail for a video. May return null if the video is
* corrupt or the format is not supported.
*
* @param filePath the path of video file
* @param kind could be MINI_KIND or MICRO_KIND
*/
public static Bitmap createVideoThumbnail(String filePath, int kind) {
Bitmap bitmap = null;
MediaMetadataRetriever retriever = new MediaMetadataRetriever();
try {
retriever.setDataSource(filePath);
bitmap = retriever.getFrameAtTime(-1);
} catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) {
// Assume this is a corrupt video file
} catch (RuntimeException ex) {
// Assume this is a corrupt video file.
} finally {
try {
retriever.release();
} catch (RuntimeException ex) {
// Ignore failures while cleaning up.
}
} if (bitmap == null) return null; if (kind == Images.Thumbnails.MINI_KIND) {
// Scale down the bitmap if it's too large.
int width = bitmap.getWidth();
int height = bitmap.getHeight();
int max = Math.max(width, height);
if (max > 512) {
float scale = 512f / max;
int w = Math.round(scale * width);
int h = Math.round(scale * height);
bitmap = Bitmap.createScaledBitmap(bitmap, w, h, true);
}
} else if (kind == Images.Thumbnails.MICRO_KIND) {
bitmap = extractThumbnail(bitmap,
TARGET_SIZE_MICRO_THUMBNAIL,
TARGET_SIZE_MICRO_THUMBNAIL,
OPTIONS_RECYCLE_INPUT);
}
return bitmap;
}

参数说明：

• filePath表示视频文件路径
• kind表示类型，可以有两个选项，分别是Images.Thumbnails.MICRO_KIND和Images.Thumbnails.MINI_KIND，其中，MINI_KIND: 512 x 384，MICRO_KIND: 96 x 96,当然读了代码你会发现，你也可以传入任意的int型数字，只是就不会对获取的bitmap进行相关的设置，我们可以自己使用extractThumbnail(
  Bitmap source, int width, int height)方法对返回的bitmap进行相关设置。

第二个方法可以用来创建一个指定大小的缩略图

/**
* Creates a centered bitmap of the desired size.
*
* @param source original bitmap source
* @param width targeted width
* @param height targeted height
*/
public static Bitmap extractThumbnail(
Bitmap source, int width, int height) {
return extractThumbnail(source, width, height, OPTIONS_NONE);
}

参数说明：

• source表示图片源文件(Bitmap类型)
• width表示指定压缩成后的宽度
• height表示指定压缩成后的高度

第三个方法可以用来创建一个指定大小的缩略图

/**
* Creates a centered bitmap of the desired size.
*
* @param source original bitmap source
* @param width targeted width
* @param height targeted height
* @param options options used during thumbnail extraction
*/
public static Bitmap extractThumbnail(
Bitmap source, int width, int height, int options) {
if (source == null) {
return null;
} float scale;
if (source.getWidth() < source.getHeight()) {
scale = width / (float) source.getWidth();
} else {
scale = height / (float) source.getHeight();
}
Matrix matrix = new Matrix();
matrix.setScale(scale, scale);
Bitmap thumbnail = transform(matrix, source, width, height,
OPTIONS_SCALE_UP | options);
return thumbnail;
}

参数说明：

• source表示图片源文件(Bitmap类型)
• width表示指定压缩成后的宽度
• height表示指定压缩成后的高度
• options表示在缩略图抽取时提供的选项，如果options定义为OPTIONS_RECYCLE_INPUT,则回收@param source这个资源文件(除非缩略图等于@param source)

=====================华丽丽的分界线========================

下面展示两个封装好的代码，用来获取图像和视频的缩略图

/**
* 根据指定的图像路径和大小来获取缩略图
* 此方法有两点好处：
* 1. 使用较小的内存空间，第一次获取的bitmap实际上为null，只是为了读取宽度和高度，
* 第二次读取的bitmap是根据比例压缩过的图像，第三次读取的bitmap是所要的缩略图。
* 2. 缩略图对于原图像来讲没有拉伸，这里使用了2.2版本的新工具ThumbnailUtils，使
* 用这个工具生成的图像不会被拉伸。
* @param imagePath 图像的路径
* @param width 指定输出图像的宽度
* @param height 指定输出图像的高度
* @return 生成的缩略图
*/
private Bitmap getImageThumbnail(String imagePath, int width, int height) {
Bitmap bitmap = null;
BitmapFactory.Options options = new BitmapFactory.Options();
options.inJustDecodeBounds = true;
// 获取这个图片的宽和高，注意此处的bitmap为null
bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeFile(imagePath, options);
options.inJustDecodeBounds = false; // 设为 false
// 计算缩放比
int h = options.outHeight;
int w = options.outWidth;
int beWidth = w / width;
int beHeight = h / height;
int be = 1;
if (beWidth < beHeight) {
be = beWidth;
} else {
be = beHeight;
}
if (be <= 0) {
be = 1;
}
options.inSampleSize = be;
// 重新读入图片，读取缩放后的bitmap，注意这次要把options.inJustDecodeBounds 设为 false
bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeFile(imagePath, options);
// 利用ThumbnailUtils来创建缩略图，这里要指定要缩放哪个Bitmap对象
bitmap = ThumbnailUtils.extractThumbnail(bitmap, width, height,
ThumbnailUtils.OPTIONS_RECYCLE_INPUT);
return bitmap;
} /**
* 获取视频的缩略图
* 先通过ThumbnailUtils来创建一个视频的缩略图，然后再利用ThumbnailUtils来生成指定大小的缩略图。
* 如果想要的缩略图的宽和高都小于MICRO_KIND，则类型要使用MICRO_KIND作为kind的值，这样会节省内存。
* @param videoPath 视频的路径
* @param width 指定输出视频缩略图的宽度
* @param height 指定输出视频缩略图的高度度
* @param kind 参照MediaStore.Images.Thumbnails类中的常量MINI_KIND和MICRO_KIND。
* 其中，MINI_KIND: 512 x 384，MICRO_KIND: 96 x 96
* @return 指定大小的视频缩略图
*/
private Bitmap getVideoThumbnail(String videoPath, int width, int height,
int kind) {
Bitmap bitmap = null;
// 获取视频的缩略图
bitmap = ThumbnailUtils.createVideoThumbnail(videoPath, kind);
System.out.println("w"+bitmap.getWidth());
System.out.println("h"+bitmap.getHeight());
bitmap = ThumbnailUtils.extractThumbnail(bitmap, width, height,
ThumbnailUtils.OPTIONS_RECYCLE_INPUT);
return bitmap;
}

=====================华丽丽的分界线========================

最后附上ThumbnailUtils源码，代码如下：

/*
* Copyright (C) 2009 The Android Open Source Project
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/package android.media;import android.content.ContentResolver;
import android.content.ContentUris;
import android.content.ContentValues;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.graphics.Bitmap;
import android.graphics.BitmapFactory;
import android.graphics.Canvas;
import android.graphics.Matrix;
import android.graphics.Rect;
import android.media.MediaMetadataRetriever;
import android.media.MediaFile.MediaFileType;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor;
import android.provider.BaseColumns;
import android.provider.MediaStore.Images;
import android.provider.MediaStore.Images.Thumbnails;
import android.util.Log;import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileDescriptor;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;/**
* Thumbnail generation routines for media provider.
*/public class ThumbnailUtils {
private static final String TAG = "ThumbnailUtils"; /* Maximum pixels size for created bitmap. */
private static final int MAX_NUM_PIXELS_THUMBNAIL = 512 * 384;
private static final int MAX_NUM_PIXELS_MICRO_THUMBNAIL = 128 * 128;
private static final int UNCONSTRAINED = -1; /* Options used internally. */
private static final int OPTIONS_NONE = 0x0;
private static final int OPTIONS_SCALE_UP = 0x1; /**
* Constant used to indicate we should recycle the input in
* {@link #extractThumbnail(Bitmap, int, int, int)} unless the output is the input.
*/
public static final int OPTIONS_RECYCLE_INPUT = 0x2; /**
* Constant used to indicate the dimension of mini thumbnail.
* @hide Only used by media framework and media provider internally.
*/
public static final int TARGET_SIZE_MINI_THUMBNAIL = 320; /**
* Constant used to indicate the dimension of micro thumbnail.
* @hide Only used by media framework and media provider internally.
*/
public static final int TARGET_SIZE_MICRO_THUMBNAIL = 96; /**
* This method first examines if the thumbnail embedded in EXIF is bigger than our target
* size. If not, then it'll create a thumbnail from original image. Due to efficiency
* consideration, we want to let MediaThumbRequest avoid calling this method twice for
* both kinds, so it only requests for MICRO_KIND and set saveImage to true.
*
* This method always returns a "square thumbnail" for MICRO_KIND thumbnail.
*
* @param filePath the path of image file
* @param kind could be MINI_KIND or MICRO_KIND
* @return Bitmap, or null on failures
*
* @hide This method is only used by media framework and media provider internally.
*/
public static Bitmap createImageThumbnail(String filePath, int kind) {
boolean wantMini = (kind == Images.Thumbnails.MINI_KIND);
int targetSize = wantMini
? TARGET_SIZE_MINI_THUMBNAIL
: TARGET_SIZE_MICRO_THUMBNAIL;
int maxPixels = wantMini
? MAX_NUM_PIXELS_THUMBNAIL
: MAX_NUM_PIXELS_MICRO_THUMBNAIL;
SizedThumbnailBitmap sizedThumbnailBitmap = new SizedThumbnailBitmap();
Bitmap bitmap = null;
MediaFileType fileType = MediaFile.getFileType(filePath);
if (fileType != null && fileType.fileType == MediaFile.FILE_TYPE_JPEG) {
createThumbnailFromEXIF(filePath, targetSize, maxPixels, sizedThumbnailBitmap);
bitmap = sizedThumbnailBitmap.mBitmap;
} if (bitmap == null) {
FileInputStream stream = null;
try {
stream = new FileInputStream(filePath);
FileDescriptor fd = stream.getFD();
BitmapFactory.Options options = new BitmapFactory.Options();
options.inSampleSize = 1;
options.inJustDecodeBounds = true;
BitmapFactory.decodeFileDescriptor(fd, null, options);
if (options.mCancel || options.outWidth == -1
|| options.outHeight == -1) {
return null;
}
options.inSampleSize = computeSampleSize(
options, targetSize, maxPixels);
options.inJustDecodeBounds = false; options.inDither = false;
options.inPreferredConfig = Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888;
bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeFileDescriptor(fd, null, options);
} catch (IOException ex) {
Log.e(TAG, "", ex);
} catch (OutOfMemoryError oom) {
Log.e(TAG, "Unable to decode file " + filePath + ". OutOfMemoryError.", oom);
} finally {
try {
if (stream != null) {
stream.close();
}
} catch (IOException ex) {
Log.e(TAG, "", ex);
}
} } if (kind == Images.Thumbnails.MICRO_KIND) {
// now we make it a "square thumbnail" for MICRO_KIND thumbnail
bitmap = extractThumbnail(bitmap,
TARGET_SIZE_MICRO_THUMBNAIL,
TARGET_SIZE_MICRO_THUMBNAIL, OPTIONS_RECYCLE_INPUT);
}
return bitmap;
} /**
* Create a video thumbnail for a video. May return null if the video is
* corrupt or the format is not supported.
*
* @param filePath the path of video file
* @param kind could be MINI_KIND or MICRO_KIND
*/
public static Bitmap createVideoThumbnail(String filePath, int kind) {
Bitmap bitmap = null;
MediaMetadataRetriever retriever = new MediaMetadataRetriever();
try {
retriever.setDataSource(filePath);
bitmap = retriever.getFrameAtTime(-1);
} catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) {
// Assume this is a corrupt video file
} catch (RuntimeException ex) {
// Assume this is a corrupt video file.
} finally {
try {
retriever.release();
} catch (RuntimeException ex) {
// Ignore failures while cleaning up.
}
} if (bitmap == null) return null; if (kind == Images.Thumbnails.MINI_KIND) {
// Scale down the bitmap if it's too large.
int width = bitmap.getWidth();
int height = bitmap.getHeight();
int max = Math.max(width, height);
if (max > 512) {
float scale = 512f / max;
int w = Math.round(scale * width);
int h = Math.round(scale * height);
bitmap = Bitmap.createScaledBitmap(bitmap, w, h, true);
}
} else if (kind == Images.Thumbnails.MICRO_KIND) {
bitmap = extractThumbnail(bitmap,
TARGET_SIZE_MICRO_THUMBNAIL,
TARGET_SIZE_MICRO_THUMBNAIL,
OPTIONS_RECYCLE_INPUT);
}
return bitmap;
} /**
* Creates a centered bitmap of the desired size.
*
* @param source original bitmap source
* @param width targeted width
* @param height targeted height
*/
public static Bitmap extractThumbnail(
Bitmap source, int width, int height) {
return extractThumbnail(source, width, height, OPTIONS_NONE);
} /**
* Creates a centered bitmap of the desired size.
*
* @param source original bitmap source
* @param width targeted width
* @param height targeted height
* @param options options used during thumbnail extraction
*/
public static Bitmap extractThumbnail(
Bitmap source, int width, int height, int options) {
if (source == null) {
return null;
} float scale;
if (source.getWidth() < source.getHeight()) {
scale = width / (float) source.getWidth();
} else {
scale = height / (float) source.getHeight();
}
Matrix matrix = new Matrix();
matrix.setScale(scale, scale);
Bitmap thumbnail = transform(matrix, source, width, height,
OPTIONS_SCALE_UP | options);
return thumbnail;
} /*
* Compute the sample size as a function of minSideLength
* and maxNumOfPixels.
* minSideLength is used to specify that minimal width or height of a
* bitmap.
* maxNumOfPixels is used to specify the maximal size in pixels that is
* tolerable in terms of memory usage.
*
* The function returns a sample size based on the constraints.
* Both size and minSideLength can be passed in as IImage.UNCONSTRAINED,
* which indicates no care of the corresponding constraint.
* The functions prefers returning a sample size that
* generates a smaller bitmap, unless minSideLength = IImage.UNCONSTRAINED.
*
* Also, the function rounds up the sample size to a power of 2 or multiple
* of 8 because BitmapFactory only honors sample size this way.
* For example, BitmapFactory downsamples an image by 2 even though the
* request is 3. So we round up the sample size to avoid OOM.
*/
private static int computeSampleSize(BitmapFactory.Options options,
int minSideLength, int maxNumOfPixels) {
int initialSize = computeInitialSampleSize(options, minSideLength,
maxNumOfPixels); int roundedSize;
if (initialSize <= 8 ) {
roundedSize = 1;
while (roundedSize < initialSize) {
roundedSize <<= 1;
}
} else {
roundedSize = (initialSize + 7) / 8 * 8;
} return roundedSize;
} private static int computeInitialSampleSize(BitmapFactory.Options options,
int minSideLength, int maxNumOfPixels) {
double w = options.outWidth;
double h = options.outHeight; int lowerBound = (maxNumOfPixels == UNCONSTRAINED) ? 1 :
(int) Math.ceil(Math.sqrt(w * h / maxNumOfPixels));
int upperBound = (minSideLength == UNCONSTRAINED) ? 128 :
(int) Math.min(Math.floor(w / minSideLength),
Math.floor(h / minSideLength)); if (upperBound < lowerBound) {
// return the larger one when there is no overlapping zone.
return lowerBound;
} if ((maxNumOfPixels == UNCONSTRAINED) &&
(minSideLength == UNCONSTRAINED)) {
return 1;
} else if (minSideLength == UNCONSTRAINED) {
return lowerBound;
} else {
return upperBound;
}
} /**
* Make a bitmap from a given Uri, minimal side length, and maximum number of pixels.
* The image data will be read from specified pfd if it's not null, otherwise
* a new input stream will be created using specified ContentResolver.
*
* Clients are allowed to pass their own BitmapFactory.Options used for bitmap decoding. A
* new BitmapFactory.Options will be created if options is null.
*/
private static Bitmap makeBitmap(int minSideLength, int maxNumOfPixels,
Uri uri, ContentResolver cr, ParcelFileDescriptor pfd,
BitmapFactory.Options options) {
Bitmap b = null;
try {
if (pfd == null) pfd = makeInputStream(uri, cr);
if (pfd == null) return null;
if (options == null) options = new BitmapFactory.Options(); FileDescriptor fd = pfd.getFileDescriptor();
options.inSampleSize = 1;
options.inJustDecodeBounds = true;
BitmapFactory.decodeFileDescriptor(fd, null, options);
if (options.mCancel || options.outWidth == -1
|| options.outHeight == -1) {
return null;
}
options.inSampleSize = computeSampleSize(
options, minSideLength, maxNumOfPixels);
options.inJustDecodeBounds = false; options.inDither = false;
options.inPreferredConfig = Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888;
b = BitmapFactory.decodeFileDescriptor(fd, null, options);
} catch (OutOfMemoryError ex) {
Log.e(TAG, "Got oom exception ", ex);
return null;
} finally {
closeSilently(pfd);
}
return b;
} private static void closeSilently(ParcelFileDescriptor c) {
if (c == null) return;
try {
c.close();
} catch (Throwable t) {
// do nothing
}
} private static ParcelFileDescriptor makeInputStream(
Uri uri, ContentResolver cr) {
try {
return cr.openFileDescriptor(uri, "r");
} catch (IOException ex) {
return null;
}
} /**
* Transform source Bitmap to targeted width and height.
*/
private static Bitmap transform(Matrix scaler,
Bitmap source,
int targetWidth,
int targetHeight,
int options) {
boolean scaleUp = (options & OPTIONS_SCALE_UP) != 0;
boolean recycle = (options & OPTIONS_RECYCLE_INPUT) != 0; int deltaX = source.getWidth() - targetWidth;
int deltaY = source.getHeight() - targetHeight;
if (!scaleUp && (deltaX < 0 || deltaY < 0)) {
/*
* In this case the bitmap is smaller, at least in one dimension,
* than the target. Transform it by placing as much of the image
* as possible into the target and leaving the top/bottom or
* left/right (or both) black.
*/
Bitmap b2 = Bitmap.createBitmap(targetWidth, targetHeight,
Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888);
Canvas c = new Canvas(b2); int deltaXHalf = Math.max(0, deltaX / 2);
int deltaYHalf = Math.max(0, deltaY / 2);
Rect src = new Rect(
deltaXHalf,
deltaYHalf,
deltaXHalf + Math.min(targetWidth, source.getWidth()),
deltaYHalf + Math.min(targetHeight, source.getHeight()));
int dstX = (targetWidth - src.width()) / 2;
int dstY = (targetHeight - src.height()) / 2;
Rect dst = new Rect(
dstX,
dstY,
targetWidth - dstX,
targetHeight - dstY);
c.drawBitmap(source, src, dst, null);
if (recycle) {
source.recycle();
}
c.setBitmap(null);
return b2;
}
float bitmapWidthF = source.getWidth();
float bitmapHeightF = source.getHeight(); float bitmapAspect = bitmapWidthF / bitmapHeightF;
float viewAspect = (float) targetWidth / targetHeight; if (bitmapAspect > viewAspect) {
float scale = targetHeight / bitmapHeightF;
if (scale < .9F || scale > 1F) {
scaler.setScale(scale, scale);
} else {
scaler = null;
}
} else {
float scale = targetWidth / bitmapWidthF;
if (scale < .9F || scale > 1F) {
scaler.setScale(scale, scale);
} else {
scaler = null;
}
} Bitmap b1;
if (scaler != null) {
// this is used for minithumb and crop, so we want to filter here.
b1 = Bitmap.createBitmap(source, 0, 0,
source.getWidth(), source.getHeight(), scaler, true);
} else {
b1 = source;
} if (recycle && b1 != source) {
source.recycle();
} int dx1 = Math.max(0, b1.getWidth() - targetWidth);
int dy1 = Math.max(0, b1.getHeight() - targetHeight); Bitmap b2 = Bitmap.createBitmap(
b1,
dx1 / 2,
dy1 / 2,
targetWidth,
targetHeight); if (b2 != b1) {
if (recycle || b1 != source) {
b1.recycle();
}
} return b2;
} /**
* SizedThumbnailBitmap contains the bitmap, which is downsampled either from
* the thumbnail in exif or the full image.
* mThumbnailData, mThumbnailWidth and mThumbnailHeight are set together only if mThumbnail
* is not null.
*
* The width/height of the sized bitmap may be different from mThumbnailWidth/mThumbnailHeight.
*/
private static class SizedThumbnailBitmap {
public byte[] mThumbnailData;
public Bitmap mBitmap;
public int mThumbnailWidth;
public int mThumbnailHeight;
} /**
* Creates a bitmap by either downsampling from the thumbnail in EXIF or the full image.
* The functions returns a SizedThumbnailBitmap,
* which contains a downsampled bitmap and the thumbnail data in EXIF if exists.
*/
private static void createThumbnailFromEXIF(String filePath, int targetSize,
int maxPixels, SizedThumbnailBitmap sizedThumbBitmap) {
if (filePath == null) return; ExifInterface exif = null;
byte [] thumbData = null;
try {
exif = new ExifInterface(filePath);
thumbData = exif.getThumbnail();
} catch (IOException ex) {
Log.w(TAG, ex);
} BitmapFactory.Options fullOptions = new BitmapFactory.Options();
BitmapFactory.Options exifOptions = new BitmapFactory.Options();
int exifThumbWidth = 0;
int fullThumbWidth = 0; // Compute exifThumbWidth.
if (thumbData != null) {
exifOptions.inJustDecodeBounds = true;
BitmapFactory.decodeByteArray(thumbData, 0, thumbData.length, exifOptions);
exifOptions.inSampleSize = computeSampleSize(exifOptions, targetSize, maxPixels);
exifThumbWidth = exifOptions.outWidth / exifOptions.inSampleSize;
} // Compute fullThumbWidth.
fullOptions.inJustDecodeBounds = true;
BitmapFactory.decodeFile(filePath, fullOptions);
fullOptions.inSampleSize = computeSampleSize(fullOptions, targetSize, maxPixels);
fullThumbWidth = fullOptions.outWidth / fullOptions.inSampleSize; // Choose the larger thumbnail as the returning sizedThumbBitmap.
if (thumbData != null && exifThumbWidth >= fullThumbWidth) {
int width = exifOptions.outWidth;
int height = exifOptions.outHeight;
exifOptions.inJustDecodeBounds = false;
sizedThumbBitmap.mBitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeByteArray(thumbData, 0,
thumbData.length, exifOptions);
if (sizedThumbBitmap.mBitmap != null) {
sizedThumbBitmap.mThumbnailData = thumbData;
sizedThumbBitmap.mThumbnailWidth = width;
sizedThumbBitmap.mThumbnailHeight = height;
}
} else {
fullOptions.inJustDecodeBounds = false;
sizedThumbBitmap.mBitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeFile(filePath, fullOptions);
}
}
}

====================================================================================

  作者：欧阳鹏  欢迎转载，与人分享是进步的源泉！

  转载请保留原文地址：http://blog.csdn.net/ouyang_peng

===================================================================================