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Android网络请求
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HTTP请求与响应
HTTP请求包结构
例：
POST /meme.php/home/user/login HTTP/1.1
Host: 114.215.86.90
Cache-Control: no-cache
Postman-Token: bd243d6b-da03-902f-0a2c-8e9377f6f6ed
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded tel=13637829200&password=123456
HTTP响应包结构
例：
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Sat, 02 Jan 2016 13:20:55 GMT
Server: Apache/2.4.6 (CentOS) PHP/5.6.14
X-Powered-By: PHP/5.6.14
Content-Length: 78
Keep-Alive: timeout=5, max=100
Connection: Keep-Alive
Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8 {"status":202,"info":"\u6b64\u7528\u6237\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff01","data":null}
Http请求方式
常用的是Post和Get
Get方式
在url中填写参数：
http://xxxx.xx.com/xx.php?params1=value1¶ms2=value2
Post方式
参数是经过编码放在请求体中的。编码包括
x-www-form-urlencoded
与
form-data
。
x-www-form-urlencoded
的编码方式是这样：
tel=13637829200&password=123456
form-data
的编码方式是这样：
----WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="tel" 13637829200
----WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="password" 123456
----WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
x-www-form-urlencoded
只能传键值对，
form-data
可以传二进制
HttpClient & HttpURLConnection
HttpClient已被废弃
HttpURLConnection的用法
public class NetUtils {
public static String post(String url, String content) {
HttpURLConnection conn = null;
try {
// 创建一个URL对象
URL mURL = new URL(url);
// 调用URL的openConnection()方法,获取HttpURLConnection对象
conn = (HttpURLConnection) mURL.openConnection();
conn.setRequestMethod("POST");// 设置请求方法为post
conn.setReadTimeout(5000);// 设置读取超时为5秒
conn.setConnectTimeout(10000);// 设置连接网络超时为10秒
conn.setDoOutput(true);// 设置此方法,允许向服务器输出内容
// post请求的参数
String data = content;
// 获得一个输出流,向服务器写数据,默认情况下,系统不允许向服务器输出内容
OutputStream out = conn.getOutputStream();// 获得一个输出流,向服务器写数据
out.write(data.getBytes());
out.flush();
out.close();
int responseCode = conn.getResponseCode();// 调用此方法就不必再使用conn.connect()方法
if (responseCode == 200) {
InputStream is = conn.getInputStream();
String response = getStringFromInputStream(is);
return response;
} else {
throw new NetworkErrorException("response status is "+responseCode);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (conn != null) {
conn.disconnect();// 关闭连接
}
}
return null;
}
public static String get(String url) {
HttpURLConnection conn = null;
try {
// 利用string url构建URL对象
URL mURL = new URL(url);
conn = (HttpURLConnection) mURL.openConnection();
conn.setRequestMethod("GET");
conn.setReadTimeout(5000);
conn.setConnectTimeout(10000);
int responseCode = conn.getResponseCode();
if (responseCode == 200) {
InputStream is = conn.getInputStream();
String response = getStringFromInputStream(is);
return response;
} else {
throw new NetworkErrorException("response status is "+responseCode);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (conn != null) {
conn.disconnect();
}
}
return null;
}
private static String getStringFromInputStream(InputStream is)
throws IOException {
ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
// 模板代码 必须熟练
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len = -1;
while ((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1) {
os.write(buffer, 0, len);
}
is.close();
String state = os.toString();// 把流中的数据转换成字符串,采用的编码是utf-8(模拟器默认编码)
os.close();
return state;
}
}
添加网络权限：
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>
同步&异步
异步方式：
//在主线程new的Handler，就会在主线程进行后续处理。
private Handler handler = new Handler();
private TextView textView;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
textView = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.text);
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
//从网络获取数据
final String response = NetUtils.get("http://www.baidu.com");
//向Handler发送处理操作
handler.post(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
//在UI线程更新UI
textView.setText(response);
}
});
}
}).start();
}
参考文献：http://www.jianshu.com/p/3141d4e46240
