Scrapy实战篇（三）之爬取豆瓣电影短评

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今天的主要内容是爬取豆瓣电影短评，看一下网友是怎么评价最近的电影的，方便我们以后的分析，以以下三部电影：二十二，战狼，三生三世十里桃花为例。

由于豆瓣短评网页比较简单，且不存在动态加载的内容，我们下面就直接上代码。有一点需要注意的是，豆瓣短评的前几页不需要登录就可以看，但是后面的内容是是需要我们登录才能查看的，因此我们需要添加自己的cookie。

我们新创建一个项目，就叫comment吧。

项目代码

items.py

import scrapyclass CommentItem(scrapy.Item): comments = scrapy.Field()

可以看到，我们只需要评价内容，因此我们的item就非常简单。

spider.py

from scrapy import Request,Spider from lxml import etree from comment.items import CommentItem#你想爬取哪一部电影，将其余的两部注释即可。 class CommentSpider(Spider): ''' 这个是三生三世十里桃花 ''' name = 'comment' def start_requests(self): templateurl = 'https://movie.douban.com/subject/25823277/comments?start={}&limit=20&sort=new_score&status=P' for i in range(3201): url = templateurl.format(str(i * 20)) yield Request(url=url, callback=self.parse) def parse(self, response): selector = etree.HTML(response.text) item = SanshengItem() item['comments'] = selector.xpath('//div[@class="comment"]/p/text()') yield item# class CommentSpider(Spider): # ''' # 这个是二十二 # ''' # name = 'comment' # # def start_requests(self): # templateurl = 'https://movie.douban.com/subject/26430107/comments?start={}&limit=20&sort=new_score&status=P' # for i in range(1601): # url = templateurl.format(str(i * 20)) # yield Request(url=url, callback=self.parse) # # def parse(self, response): # selector = etree.HTML(response.text) # item = SanshengItem() # item['comments'] = selector.xpath('//div[@class="comment"]/p/text()') # yield item # # class CommentSpider(Spider): # ''' # 这个是战狼 # ''' # name = 'comment' # # def start_requests(self): # templateurl = 'https://movie.douban.com/subject/26363254/comments?start={}&limit=20&sort=new_score&status=P' # for i in range(9001): # url = templateurl.format(str(i * 20)) # yield Request(url=url, callback=self.parse) # # def parse(self, response): # selector = etree.HTML(response.text) # item = SanshengItem() # item['comments'] = selector.xpath('//div[@class="comment"]/p/text()') # yield item

pipelines.py

import pymongoclass MongoPipeline(object): collection = 'sansheng' # 三生的数据表 # collection = 'ershier' # 二十二的数据表 # collection = 'zhanlang' # 战狼的数据表 def __init__(self, mongo_uri, mongo_db): self.mongo_uri = mongo_uri self.mongo_db = mongo_db @classmethod def from_crawler(cls, crawler): return cls( mongo_uri = crawler.settings.get('MONGO_RUI'), mongo_db = crawler.settings.get('MONGO_DB') ) def open_spider(self, spider): self.client = pymongo.MongoClient(self.mongo_uri) self.db = self.client[self.mongo_db] def close_spider(self, spider): self.client.close() def process_item(self, item, spider): table = self.db[self.collection] for com in item['comments']: data = dict() data['comment'] = com.strip().replace("\n", "") table.insert_one(data) return item

middlewares.py

import scrapy from scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.useragent import UserAgentMiddleware import randomclass MyUseragentMiddleware(UserAgentMiddleware): ''' 设置User-Agent ''' def __init__(self, user_agent): self.user_agent = user_agent @classmethod def from_crawler(cls, crawler): return cls( user_agent=crawler.settings.get('USER_AGENTS') ) def process_request(self, request, spider): agent = random.choice(self.user_agent) request.headers['User-Agent'] = agent

settings.py

BOT_NAME = 'comment'SPIDER_MODULES = ['comment.spiders'] NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'comment.spiders'ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = FalseDOWNLOAD_DELAY = 2COOKIES_ENABLED = FalseDEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = { 'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8', 'Accept-Language': '-CN,zh;q=0.8,en-US;q=0.5,en;q=0.3', 'Cookie':'浏览器复制粘贴你的cookie' }DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = { 'comment.middlewares.MyUseragentMiddleware': 400, }USER_AGENTS = [ "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; AcooBrowser; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727)", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0; Acoo Browser; SLCC1; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; Media Center PC 5.0; .NET CLR 3.0.04506)", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; AOL 9.5; AOLBuild 4337.35; Windows NT 5.1; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727)", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 9.0; en-US)", "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; Trident/5.0; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; Media Center PC 6.0)", "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.0; Trident/4.0; WOW64; Trident/4.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; .NET CLR 1.0.3705; .NET CLR 1.1.4322)", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0b; Windows NT 5.2; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; InfoPath.2; .NET CLR 3.0.04506.30)", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; zh-CN) AppleWebKit/523.15 (KHTML, like Gecko, Safari/419.3) Arora/0.3 (Change: 287 c9dfb30)", "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux; en-US) AppleWebKit/527+ (KHTML, like Gecko, Safari/419.3) Arora/0.6", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.8.1.2pre) Gecko/20070215 K-Ninja/2.1.1", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; zh-CN; rv:1.9) Gecko/20080705 Firefox/3.0 Kapiko/3.0", "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux i686; U;) Gecko/20070322 Kazehakase/0.4.5", "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:1.9.0.8) Gecko Fedora/1.9.0.8-1.fc10 Kazehakase/0.5.6", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/17.0.963.56 Safari/535.11", "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_7_3) AppleWebKit/535.20 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1036.7 Safari/535.20", "Opera/9.80 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.6.8; U; fr) Presto/2.9.168 Version/11.52", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1132.11 TaoBrowser/2.0 Safari/536.11", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/21.0.1180.71 Safari/537.1 LBBROWSER", "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/5.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; LBBROWSER)", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; QQDownload 732; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; LBBROWSER)", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/17.0.963.84 Safari/535.11 LBBROWSER", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/5.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)", "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/5.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; QQBrowser/7.0.3698.400)", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; QQDownload 732; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0; SV1; QQDownload 732; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; 360SE)", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; QQDownload 732; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/5.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/21.0.1180.89 Safari/537.1", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/21.0.1180.89 Safari/537.1", "Mozilla/5.0 (iPad; U; CPU OS 4_2_1 like Mac OS X; zh-cn) AppleWebKit/533.17.9 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.0.2 Mobile/8C148 Safari/6533.18.5", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; rv:2.0b13pre) Gecko/20110307 Firefox/4.0b13pre", "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Ubuntu; Linux x86_64; rv:16.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/16.0", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/23.0.1271.64 Safari/537.11", "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux x86_64; zh-CN; rv:1.9.2.10) Gecko/20100922 Ubuntu/10.10 (maverick) Firefox/3.6.10", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.110 Safari/537.36", ]ITEM_PIPELINES = { 'comment.pipelines.MongoPipeline': 300, }MONGO_URI = 'mongodb://localhost:27017' MONGO_DB = "douban"

注意：

请把COOKIES_ENABLED设置为 False，你可能觉得奇怪，为什么我们使用了cookie却需要把它设置为False，原因在于，我们直接把cookie放在了请求头里面，但是scrapy默认自己拥有一套处理cookie的中间件，当你把它设置为True的时候，两者会产生影响，从而请求失败，你可以自己尝试一下。那如果我执意要把他设置为True呢，难道就不能解决了么？当然是可以的，但是我们今天就不在深入的讨论这个问题，以后可以单独解释。

我们这里抓取评论数据是为了之后的分析所用。

你可以去github下载以上的代码和相应的评论数据。