Python学习笔记18-发送邮件

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SMTP是发送邮件的协议，Python内置对SMTP的支持，可以发送纯文本邮件、HTML邮件以及带附件的邮件。

Python对SMTP支持有smtplib和email两个模块，email负责构造邮件，smtplib负责发送邮件。

普通正文邮件：

#/usr/bin/env python
#coding=utf-8
from email import encoders
from email.header import Header
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.utils import parseaddr, formataddrimport smtplibdef _format_addr(s):
name, addr = parseaddr(s)
return formataddr((Header(name, 'utf-8').encode(), addr))from_addr = 'zy5724@163.com'
password = 'xxxxx'
to_addr = 'scottcho@qq.com'
smtp_server = 'smtp.163.com'msg = MIMEText('hello, send by Python...', 'plain', 'utf-8')
msg['From'] = _format_addr('Python爱好者 <%s>' % from_addr)
msg['To'] = _format_addr('管理员 <%s>' % to_addr)
msg['Subject'] = Header('来自SMTP的问候……', 'utf-8').encode()try:
server = smtplib.SMTP(smtp_server, 25)
# server.set_debuglevel(1)
server.login(from_addr, password)
server.sendmail(from_addr, [to_addr], msg.as_string())
server.quit()
print 'send OK'
except Exception, e:
print str(e)

注意到构造MIMEText对象时，第一个参数就是邮件正文，第二个参数是MIME的subtype，传入'plain'表示纯文本，最终的MIME就是'text/plain'，最后一定要用utf-8编码保证多语言兼容性。

我们用set_debuglevel(1)就可以打印出和SMTP服务器交互的所有信息。SMTP协议就是简单的文本命令和响应。login()方法用来登录SMTP服务器，sendmail()方法就是发邮件，由于可以一次发给多个人，所以传入一个list，邮件正文是一个str，as_string()把MIMEText对象变成str。

收到的邮件：

带有附件的邮件：

#/usr/bin/env python
# coding: utf-8
from email import encoders
from email.header import Header
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.MIMEBase import MIMEBase
from email.utils import parseaddr, formataddr
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
import smtplibdef _format_addr(s):
name, addr = parseaddr(s)
return formataddr(( \
Header(name, 'utf-8').encode(), \
addr.encode('utf-8') if isinstance(addr, unicode) else addr))from_addr = 'zy5724@163.com'
password = 'xxxx'
to_addr = 'scottcho@qq.com'
smtp_server = 'smtp.163.com'
# 邮件对象:
msg = MIMEMultipart()
msg['From'] = _format_addr(u'张三 <%s>' % from_addr)
msg['To'] = _format_addr(u'管理员 <%s>' % to_addr)
msg['Subject'] = Header(u'来自SMTP的问候……', 'utf-8').encode()# 邮件正文是MIMEText:
msg.attach(MIMEText('send with file...', 'plain', 'utf-8'))# 添加附件就是加上一个MIMEBase
att1 = MIMEText(open('/python/new.txt', 'rb').read(), 'base64', 'utf-8')
att1["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream'
att1["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment; filename="new.txt"'
msg.attach(att1)#再添加一个图片附件
with open('/python/Koala.jpg', 'rb') as f:
att2 = MIMEBase('image', 'jpg', filename='Koala.jpg')
att2.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename='Koala.jpg')
att2.add_header('Content-ID', '<0>')
att2.set_payload(f.read())
encoders.encode_base64(att2)
msg.attach(att2)server = smtplib.SMTP(smtp_server, 25)
server.set_debuglevel(1)
server.login(from_addr, password)
server.sendmail(from_addr, [to_addr], msg.as_string())
server.quit()