Python，datetime模块实例

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Python的标准模块datetime模块，在我们的工作中应用非常频繁，下面对datetime中常用的方法进行了总结和测试；对每一个方法都使用了单元测试框架Unittest来配合测试。

主要的类型有：

首先要导入datetime模块：from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone

一、自己定义时间格式：1、datetime(2017,2,22,16,5,26)；2、datetime.strptime('2017-02-22 16:05:26', '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')

二、将datetime转化成timestamp格式：datetime(2017,2,22,16,5,26).timestamp()

三、将timestamp转化成datetime格式：datetime.fromtimestamp(1487750726.0)

四、将datetime转化成str格式：datetime(2017,2,22,16,5,26).strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')

五、利用timedelta进行时间相加：datetime.strptime('2017-02-22 16:05:26', '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') + timedelta(hours=10, days=2)

六、利用timedelta进行时间相减：datetime.strptime('2017-02-22 14:05:26', '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') - timedelta(hours=1)

八、转换时区：

utc_datetime = datetime.strptime('2017-02-22 17:05:26', '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S').replace(tzinfo=timezone(timedelta(hours=8)))
# 北京时间
bj_datetime = utc_datetime.astimezone(timezone(timedelta(hours=8)))
# 东京时间
dj_datetime = bj_datetime.astimezone(timezone(timedelta(hours=9)))

下面的就是代码，testDatetime.py：

# coding=utf-8"""
testDatetime.py
datetime模块练习
"""
import unittest
from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezoneclass TestDatetime(unittest.TestCase): def test_get_datetime(self):
"""指定日期和时间datetime"""
expected = "2017-02-22 16:05:26"
actual = datetime(2017,2,22,16,5,26)
# print(actual)
self.assertEqual(expected, str(actual)) def test_datetime_translation_timestamp(self):
"""将datetime转化成timestamp,返回的是秒"""
expected = 1487750726.0
actual = datetime(2017,2,22,16,5,26).timestamp()
# print(type(actual))
self.assertEqual(expected, actual) def test_timestamp_translation_datetime(self):
"""将timestamp转化成datetime格式"""
expected = "2017-02-22 16:05:26"
actual = datetime.fromtimestamp(1487750726.0)
# print(actual)
self.assertEqual(expected, str(actual)) def test_str_translation_datetime(self):
"""将str转化成datetime格式"""
expected = datetime(2017,2,22,16,5,26)
actual = datetime.strptime('2017-02-22 16:05:26', '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
# print(actual)
self.assertEqual(expected, actual) def test_datetime_translation_str(self):
"""将datetime转化成str"""
excepted = '2017-02-22 16:05:26'
actual = datetime(2017,2,22,16,5,26).strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
# print(type(actual))
self.assertEqual(excepted, actual) def test_datetime_add(self):
"""利用timedelta进行时间相加"""
# 加1小时
excepted1 = datetime.strptime('2017-02-22 17:05:26', '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
actual1 = datetime.strptime('2017-02-22 16:05:26', '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') + timedelta(hours=1)
# 加2天，10小时
excepted2 = datetime.strptime('2017-02-25 02:05:26', '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
actual2 = datetime.strptime('2017-02-22 16:05:26', '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') + timedelta(hours=10, days=2) self.assertEqual(excepted1, actual1)
self.assertEqual(excepted2, actual2) def test_datetime_plus(self):
"""利用timedelta进行时间相减"""
# 减1小时
excepted1 = datetime.strptime('2017-02-22 16:05:26', '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
actual1 = datetime.strptime('2017-02-22 17:05:26', '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') - timedelta(hours=1)
self.assertEqual(excepted1, actual1) def test_timezone_translation(self):
"""转换时区"""
utc_datetime = datetime.strptime('2017-02-22 17:05:26', '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S').replace(tzinfo=timezone(timedelta(hours=8)))
# 北京时间
bj_datetime = utc_datetime.astimezone(timezone(timedelta(hours=8)))
# 东京时间
dj_datetime = bj_datetime.astimezone(timezone(timedelta(hours=9)))
# print(dj_datetime)
self.assertEqual((bj_datetime + timedelta(hours=1)).strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'), dj_datetime.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'))if __name__ == '__main__':
unittest.main()