Python调用 Openstack 主要服务(keystone,nova,glance,neutron,heat)

由于Openstack更新很快，现在准备搭建基于Queen版本的Openstack，Queen版本要求keystone版本为V3，所以之前大多数接口都不能用了，百度了一下都没有比较新的实例，官方文档又过于简单。所以简单总结下各客户端的调用方式，非常简单的案例，仅供参考。

1 前期准备

1确保已经安装了python

2根据需求安装openstack相关服务调用的python库

pip install python-openstackclient


确保版本大于3.0.0，所有服务调用都基于keystone，一定要安装

pip install python-keystoneclient


pip install python-heatclient


pip install python-glanceclient


pip install python-novaclient


pip install python-neutronclient


3如果安装的openstack的所有的入口ip都映射为controller，我们就需要在本机的/etc/hosts中也加一条映射

<ip> controller


2 获取客户端连接

1创建keystone session ：最近版本的openstack所有服务都只能keystone v3版本才能调用，并且推荐session的方式。

from keystoneauth1.identity import v3
from keystoneauth1 import sessiondef get_keystone_session():
# auth_url为keystone的endpoint入口，新版本openstack中(Tenant租户改名为project）
auth = v3.Password(auth_url="http://<ip>:5000/v3", username="",password="", project_name="",user_domain_id="", project_domain_id="")
sess = session.Session(auth=auth)
return sess


2获取keystone客户端

from keystoneclient.v3 import client as keyclientdef get_keystone_client():
sess = get_keystone_session()
keystone = keyclient.Client(session=sess)
return keystone


3获取nova客户端

from novaclient import clientdef get_nova_client():
sess = get_keystone_session()
nova = client.Client(2, session=sess)
return nova


4获取glance客户端

from glanceclient import Clientdef get_glance_client():
sess = get_keystone_session()
glance = Client('2', session=sess)
return glance


5获取neutron客户端

from neutronclient.v2_0 import client as ntclientdef get_neutron_client():
sess = get_keystone_session()
neutron = ntclient.Client(session=sess)
return neutron


6获取heat客户端

heat客户端的获取比较复杂，尝试了多种方式发现只能通过keystone客户端返回的token的认证

from heatclient import client as hclientdef get_heat_client():
creds = {}
creds['username'] = ''
creds['password'] = ''
creds['auth_url'] = 'http://<ip>:5000/v3'
creds['project_name'] = ''
ks_client = keyclient.Client(**creds)
heat_endpoint = ks_client.service_catalog.url_for(service_type='orchestration', endpoint_type='publicURL')
# 后来需求Heat服务单独改为HTTPS，可以在以下参数中加入 insecure=True
heat = hclient.Client('1', heat_endpoint, token=ks_client.auth_token)
return heat


3简单测试

之前的获取客户端方式写在openstackapi.py中方便调用

1keystone

import openstackapi as apikeystone = api.get_keystone_client()
list = keystone.projects.list()
for p in list:
print p


2nova

python-novaclient8之后network被移除，应该用neutron代替

import openstackapi as apidef nova_create_flavor(nova, instance_name):
nova.servers.create(instance_name)def show_server_info(nova):
instances = nova.servers.list()
for instance in instances:
print instancedef show_flavor_info(nova):
flavors = nova.flavors.list()
for flavor in flavors:
print flavordef get_instance_id(nova, instance_name):
instances = nova.servers.list()
for instance in instances:
if instance.name == instance_name:
return instance.iddef get_instance(nova, instance_id):
return nova.servers.get(instance_id)def get_flavor_id(nova, flavor_name):
flavors = nova.flavors.list()
for flavor in flavors:
if flavor.name == flavor_name:
return flavor.idif __name__ == '__main__':
nova = api.get_nova_client()
show_server_info(nova)
show_flavor_info(nova)
id = get_instance_id(nova, <name>)
print id
instance = get_instance(nova,id)
print '################################'
print instance

3glance

创建上传qcow2镜像，删除镜像

import openstackapi as apidef list_image():
list = glance.images.list()
for image in list:
print image.name, image.id, image.statusdef get_id_by_name(name):
list = glance.images.list()
id = ''
for image in list:
if image.name == name:
id = image.id
return idif __name__ == "__main__":
glance = api.get_glance_client()
print '####### list #########'
list_image()
name = "test-py-api"
glance.images.create(name=name, disk_format="qcow2", container_format="bare", is_public="true")
print '####### list after create #########'
list = list_image()
id = get_id_by_name(name)
glance.images.upload(id , open('/目录/***.qcow2', 'rb'))
print '####### list after upload qcow2 #########'
list_image()
glance.images.delete(id)
print '####### list after delete qcow2 #########'
list_image()


4neutron

import openstackapi as apidef show_network_info(neutron):
print ' #### network list ####'
networks = neutron.list_networks()
for network in networks:
print networkif __name__ == '__main__':
neutron = api.get_neutron_client()
show_network_info(neutron)


5heat

首先写好一个heat编排模板，然后通过接口上传并且自动执行编排

import openstackapi as api
from heatclient.common import template_utilsdef get_heat_file():
path = "/目录/***.yaml"
tpl_files, template = template_utils.get_template_contents(path)
create_fields = {
'stack_name': '',
'disable_rollback': 'false',
'parameters': '',
'template': template,
'files': dict(list(tpl_files.items()))
}
return create_fieldsdef list_stack(heat):
list = heat.stacks.list()
for stack in list:
print stackif __name__ == "__main__":
heat = api.get_heat_client()
create_fields = get_heat_file()
heat.stacks.create(**create_fields)
list_stack(heat)

4接口汇总

from keystoneauth1.identity import v3
from keystoneauth1 import session
from keystoneauth1 import loading
from keystoneclient.v3 import client as keyclient
from glanceclient import Client
from novaclient import client
from neutronclient.v2_0 import client as ntclient
from heatclient import client as hclientdef get_keystone_session():
loader = loading.get_plugin_loader('password')
auth = v3.Password(auth_url="http://<Openstack Controller Ip>:5000/v3", username="admin",password="<pwd>", project_name="admin",user_domain_id="default", project_domain_id="default")
sess = session.Session(auth=auth)
return sessdef get_nova_client():
sess = get_keystone_session()
nova = client.Client(2, session=sess)
return novadef get_glance_client():
sess = get_keystone_session()
glance = Client('2', session=sess)
return glancedef get_keystone_client():
sess = get_keystone_session()
keystone = keyclient.Client(session=sess)
return keystonedef get_neutron_client():
sess = get_keystone_session()
neutron = ntclient.Client(session=sess)
return neutrondef get_heat_client():
creds = {}
creds['username'] = 'admin'
creds['password'] = 'admin1234'
creds['auth_url'] = 'http://<Openstack Controller Ip>:5000/v3'
creds['project_name'] = 'admin'
ks_client = keyclient.Client(**creds)
heat_endpoint = ks_client.service_catalog.url_for(service_type='orchestration', endpoint_type='publicURL')
heat = hclient.Client('1', heat_endpoint, token=ks_client.auth_token)
return heatdef list_images():
glance = get_glance_client()
list = glance.images.list()
return listdef show_images():
list = list_images()
for image in list:
print image.name, image.id, image.status def get_image_id_by_name(image_name):
list = list_images()
id = ''
for image in list:
if image.name == image_name:
id = image.id
return id
return iddef upload_image(image_name, image_path):
glance = get_glance_client()
glance.images.create(name=image_name, disk_format="qcow2", container_format="bare", is_public="true")
id = get_image_id_by_name(image_name)
glance.images.upload(id , open(image_path, 'rb'))def delete_image(image_name):
glance = get_glance_client()
id = get_image_id_by_name(image_name)
if id != '':
glance.images.delete(id)