自动化运维python学习笔记一

>>> import this
The Zen of Python, by Tim PetersBeautiful is better than ugly.
Explicit is better than implicit.
Simple is better than complex.
Complex is better than complicated.
Flat is better than nested.
Sparse is better than dense.
Readability counts.
Special cases aren't special enough to break the rules.
Although practicality beats purity.
Errors should never pass silently.
Unless explicitly silenced.
In the face of ambiguity, refuse the temptation to guess.
There should be one-- and preferably only one --obvious way to do it.
Although that way may not be obvious at first unless you're Dutch.
Now is better than never.
Although never is often better than *right* now.
If the implementation is hard to explain, it's a bad idea.
If the implementation is easy to explain, it may be a good idea.
Namespaces are one honking great idea -- let's do more of those!

Old: print "The answer is", 2*2
New: print("The answer is", 2*2)
Old: print x, # Trailing comma suppresses newline
New: print(x, end=" ") # Appends a space instead of a newline
Old: print # Prints a newline
New: print() # You must call the function!
Old: print >>sys.stderr, "fatal error"
New: print("fatal error", file=sys.stderr)
Old: print (x, y) # prints repr((x, y))
New: print((x, y)) # Not the same as print(x, y)!

#!/usr/bin/env python
#coding:utf-8
print("你好，世界")

tomcat@node:~$ vim a.py
#!/usr/bin/env python
print "你好！世界"<br>
tomcat@node:~$ python a.py
File "a.py", line 2
SyntaxError: Non-ASCII character '\xe4' in file a.py on line 2, but no encoding declared; see http://python.org/dev/peps/pep-0263/ for details

tomcat@node:~$ vi a.py
#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding:utf-8
print "你好！世界"tomcat@node:~$ python a.py
你好！世界

name = input("please input your name:")
print("Hello " + name)

#!/usr/bin/env python
#coding:utf-8
import keyword
pwd = getpass.getpass("请输入密码：")
print(pwd)

>>> name = raw_input("please enter your name:")
please enter your name:tomcatxiao
>>> print name
tomcatxiao>>> age = raw_input("your age is:")
your age is:21
>>> print age
21

>>> name = input("please input your name:")
please input your name:tomcatxiao
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
NameError: name 'tomcatxiao' is not defined>>> age = input("your age is:")
your age is:21

>>> myname = "tomcatxiao"
>>> name = input("please input your name:")
please input your name:myname>>> print name
tomcatxiao

print "String %format1 %format2 ..." %(variable1,variable2)

print("String %format1 %format2 ...." %(variable1,variable2))

print "String" + variable1
print("String" + variable1)

tomcat@node:~$ vi c.py
#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding:utf-8name = input("input your name:")
age = input("input your age:")
job = input("input your job:")msg = '''
Information of %s
-------------
Name: %s
Age : %s
Job : %s
''' %(name,name,age,job)print(msg)tomcat@node:~$ python c.py

#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding:utf-8name = input("input your name:")
age = input("input your age:")
job = input("input your job:")msg = '''#'''三个引号表示多行注释，也可以写为"""三个双引号
Information of %s
-------------
Name: %s
Age : %d
Job : %s
''' %(name,name,age,job)print(msg)

input your name:tomcatxiao
input your age:21
input your job:IT
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/home/tomcat/PycharmProjects/s13/day01/dsfg.py", line 15, in <module>
''' %(name,name,age,job)
TypeError: %d format: a number is required, not str

tomcat@node:~$ vi d.py
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-import sysprint(sys.argv)#输出
tomcat@node:~$ python d.py hello world
['d.py', 'hello', 'world'] #把执行脚本时传递的参数获取到了

>>> import os
>>> os.system("df -h") #调用系统命令

>>> result = os.system("df -h")

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 49G 1.7G 44G 4% /
tmpfs 242M 0 242M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 194M 27M 158M 15% /boot
/dev/sr0 3.6G 3.6G 0 100% /mnt/cdrom

>>> print(result)
256

>>> result = os.popen("df -h").read()>>> print(result)
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs 797M 9.4M 788M 2% /run
/dev/sda1 189G 10G 170G 6% /
tmpfs 3.9G 16M 3.9G 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M 1% /run/lock
tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
cgmfs 100K 0 100K 0% /run/cgmanager/fs
tmpfs 797M 76K 797M 1% /run/user/1000

tomcat@node:~$ vi e.py
#!/usr/bin/env python
import os,sysos.system(''.join(sys.argv[1:]))
//os.system()调用系统命令，sys.argv[1:]调用传入的包括第二个参数在内的以后所有参数，也可以修改为[1]只调用第二个参数，第一个为0
join()函数的解析，此处是以''内的空白为分隔符，将（）内的所有元素合并为一个新得字符串
此处可以直接简化为os.system(sys.argv[1])# 执行
tomcat@node:~$ python e.py df //或者用python e.py "df -h"调用
df: ‘/mnt/hgfs’: Protocol error
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
udev 4059116 0 4059116 0% /dev
tmpfs 815812 9596 806216 2% /run
/dev/sda1 198036724 10435852 177518160 6% /
tmpfs 4079040 15996 4063044 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 5120 4 5116 1% /run/lock
tmpfs 4079040 0 4079040 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
cgmfs 100 0 100 0% /run/cgmanager/fs
tmpfs 815812 76 815736 1% /run/user/1000

#!/usr/bin/env python
# python startup file
import sys
import readline
import rlcompleter
import atexit
import os
# tab completion
readline.parse_and_bind('tab: complete')
# history file
histfile = os.path.join(os.environ['HOME'], '.pythonhistory')
try:
readline.read_history_file(histfile)
except IOError:
pass
atexit.register(readline.write_history_file, histfile)
del os, histfile, readline, rlcompleter

tomcat@node:~$ python
Python 2.7.11 (default, Jul 27 2016, 18:09:58)
[GCC 5.2.1 20151010] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import tab
>>> import os
>>> os.
Display all 238 possibilities? (y or n)
os.EX_CANTCREAT os.fchdir(
os.EX_CONFIG os.fchmod(
os.EX_DATAERR os.fchown(
os.EX_IOERR os.fdatasync(
os.EX_NOHOST os.fdopen(

>>> import sys
>>> sys.path
['', '/usr/lib/python2.7', '/usr/lib/python2.7/plat-x86_64-linux-gnu', '/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk',
'/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-old', '/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload', '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages',
'/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages', '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/PILcompat', '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/gtk-2.0',
'/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/ubuntu-kylin-sso-client', '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/ubuntu-sso-client']

if boolean_expression1:
suite1
elif boolean_expression2:
suite2
else:
else_suite

A = X if Y else Z

if Y:
A = X
else
A = Z

expression1 if boolean_express else expression2

while boolean_express:
while_suite
else:
else_suite

练习1：逐一显示指定列表中的所有元素
>>> l1 = [1,2,3,4,5,6]
>>> count = 0
>>> while l1:
print(l1[0])
l1.pop(0)>>> l1 = [1,2,3,4,5,6]
>>> while l1:
print(l1[-1])
l1.pop()>>> l1 = [1,2,3,4,5,6]
>>> count = 0
>>> while l1 < len(l1):
print(l1[count])
count += 1练习2：求100以内所有偶数之和
练习3：逐一显示指定字典的所有键；并于显示结束后说明总键数；
>>> d1 = {'x':1,'y':23,'z':78}
>>> keylists = d1.keys()
>>> while keylists:
print(keylists[0])
keylists.pop[0]
else:
print(len(d1))练习4：创建一个包含了100以内所有奇数的列表
>>> l1 = []
>>> x = 1
>>> while x < 100:
l1.append(x)
x += 2练习5：逆序逐一显示一个列表的所有元素
练习6：列表l1 = [0,1,2,3,4,5,6],列表l2 = ['Sun','Mon','Tue','Wed','Thu','Fri','Sat'],以第一个列表中的元素为键，以第二个列表中的元素为值生成字典d1>>> l1 = [0,1,2,3,4,5,6]
>>> l2 = ['Sun','Mon','Tue','Wed','Thu','Fri','Sat']
>>> d1 = {}
>>> count = 0
>>> if len(l1) == len(l2):
while count < len(l1):
d1[l1[count]] = l2[count]
count += 1>>> print(d1)

for expression1 in iterable:
for_suite
else:
else_suite

T = [(1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8)]
for (a,b) in T:
print(a,b)

>>> S = 'How are you these days?'
>>> range(0,len(S),2)
[0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22]
>>> for i in range(0,len(S),2):
print(S[i])

>>> L = [1,2,3,4,5]
>>> for i in range(len(L)):
L[i] += 1
>>> L

>>> L1 = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]
>>> L2 = ['a','b','c','d','e','f','g']
>>> zip(L1,L2)

>>> keys = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]
>>> vaules = ['Sun','Mon','Tue','Wed','Thu','Fri','Sat']
>>> D = {}
>>> for (k,v) in zip(keys,values)
D[k] = v
>>> D

for循环练习：
练习1：逐一分开显示指定字典d1中的所有元素，类似如下;
k1 v1
k2 v2>>> d1 = {'x':123,'y':321,'z':734}
>>> for (k,v) in d1.items():
print(k,v)y 321
x 123
z 734练习2：逐一显示列表中l1=['Sun','Mon','Tue','Wed','Thu','Fri','Sat']中索引为奇数的元素;>>> l1=['Sun','Mon','Tue','Wed','Thu','Fri','Sat']>>> for i in range(1,len(l1),2):
print(l1[i])练习3：将属于列表l1=['Sun','Mon','Tue','Wed','Thu','Fri','Sat'],但不属于列表l2=['Sun','Mon','Tue','Thu','Sat']的所有元素定义为一个新列表l3;>>> l1=['Sun','Mon','Tue','Wed','Thu','Fri','Sat']
>>> l2=['Sun','Mon','Tue','Thu','Sat']
>>> l3 = []
>>> for i in l1:
>>> if i not in l2:
>>> l3.append(i)练习4：将属于列表namelist=['stu1','stu2','stu3','stu4','stu5','stu6','stu7'],删除列表removelist=['stu3','stu7','stu9'];
请将属于removelist列表中的每个元素从namelist中移除(属于removelist,但不属于namelist的忽略即可)>>> namelist=['stu1','stu2','stu3','stu4','stu5','stu6','stu7']
>>> removelist=['stu3','stu7','stu9']
>>> for i in removelist:
>>> if i in namelist:
>>> namelist.remove(i)
>>> print(namelist)
复制代码场景一、用户登陆验证复制代码
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import getpassname = 'tom'
pwd = 123456
count = 0while True:
if count < 3:
print("Please enter your name and password !")
username = input("username:")
password = getpass.getpass("password:") if username == name and password == pwd:
print("恭喜你登陆成功！")
break
else:
print("登陆失败！用户名或者密码错误")
else:
print("你已经输错3次,正在退出....")
break count += 1

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import getpassname = 'tom'
pwd = 123456
count = 0while True:
if count < 3:
print("Please enter your name and password !")
username = input("username:")
password = getpass.getpass("password:") if username == name and password == pwd:
print("恭喜你登陆成功！")
break
else:
print("登陆失败！用户名或者密码错误")
else:
print("你已经输错3次,正在退出....")
break count += 1

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-age = 22
count = 0for i in range(10):
if count < 3:
a = int(input("please input num:"))
if a == age:
print("恭喜你,答对了")
break
elif a > age:
print("你猜的数字大了")
else:
print("你猜的数字小了")
else:
b = input("你太笨了,这都猜不对,你继续玩吗？(yes or not):")
if b == 'yes':
count = 0
continue
else:
print("Bye!下次再玩") count += 1