Python开发【第二章】：Python的数据类型

class int(object):
"""
int(x=0) -> int or long
int(x, base=10) -> int or long Convert a number or string to an integer, or return 0 if no arguments
are given. If x is floating point, the conversion truncates towards zero.
If x is outside the integer range, the function returns a long instead. If x is not a number or if base is given, then x must be a string or
Unicode object representing an integer literal in the given base. The
literal can be preceded by '+' or '-' and be surrounded by whitespace.
The base defaults to 10. Valid bases are 0 and 2-36. Base 0 means to
interpret the base from the string as an integer literal.
>>> int('0b100', base=0)
"""
def bit_length(self):
""" 返回表示该数字的时占用的最少位数 """
"""
int.bit_length() -> int Number of bits necessary to represent self in binary.
>>> bin(37)
'0b100101'
>>> (37).bit_length()
"""
return 0 def conjugate(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" 返回该复数的共轭复数 """
""" Returns self, the complex conjugate of any int. """
pass def __abs__(self):
""" 返回绝对值 """
""" x.__abs__() <==> abs(x) """
pass def __add__(self, y):
""" x.__add__(y) <==> x+y """
pass def __and__(self, y):
""" x.__and__(y) <==> x&y """
pass def __cmp__(self, y):
""" 比较两个数大小 """
""" x.__cmp__(y) <==> cmp(x,y) """
pass def __coerce__(self, y):
""" 强制生成一个元组 """
""" x.__coerce__(y) <==> coerce(x, y) """
pass def __divmod__(self, y):
""" 相除，得到商和余数组成的元组 """
""" x.__divmod__(y) <==> divmod(x, y) """
pass def __div__(self, y):
""" x.__div__(y) <==> x/y """
pass def __float__(self):
""" 转换为浮点类型 """
""" x.__float__() <==> float(x) """
pass def __floordiv__(self, y):
""" x.__floordiv__(y) <==> x//y """
pass def __format__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
pass def __getattribute__(self, name):
""" x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name """
pass def __getnewargs__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" 内部调用 __new__方法或创建对象时传入参数使用 """
pass def __hash__(self):
"""如果对象object为哈希表类型，返回对象object的哈希值。哈希值为整数。在字典查找中，哈希值用于快速比较字典的键。两个数值如果相等，则哈希值也相等。"""
""" x.__hash__() <==> hash(x) """
pass def __hex__(self):
""" 返回当前数的 十六进制 表示 """
""" x.__hex__() <==> hex(x) """
pass def __index__(self):
""" 用于切片，数字无意义 """
""" x[y:z] <==> x[y.__index__():z.__index__()] """
pass def __init__(self, x, base=10): # known special case of int.__init__
""" 构造方法，执行 x = 123 或 x = int(10) 时，自动调用，暂时忽略 """
"""
int(x=0) -> int or long
int(x, base=10) -> int or long Convert a number or string to an integer, or return 0 if no arguments
are given. If x is floating point, the conversion truncates towards zero.
If x is outside the integer range, the function returns a long instead. If x is not a number or if base is given, then x must be a string or
Unicode object representing an integer literal in the given base. The
literal can be preceded by '+' or '-' and be surrounded by whitespace.
The base defaults to 10. Valid bases are 0 and 2-36. Base 0 means to
interpret the base from the string as an integer literal.
>>> int('0b100', base=0)
# (copied from class doc)
"""
pass def __int__(self):
""" 转换为整数 """
""" x.__int__() <==> int(x) """
pass def __invert__(self):
""" x.__invert__() <==> ~x """
pass def __long__(self):
""" 转换为长整数 """
""" x.__long__() <==> long(x) """
pass def __lshift__(self, y):
""" x.__lshift__(y) <==> x<<y """
pass def __mod__(self, y):
""" x.__mod__(y) <==> x%y """
pass def __mul__(self, y):
""" x.__mul__(y) <==> x*y """
pass def __neg__(self):
""" x.__neg__() <==> -x """
pass @staticmethod # known case of __new__
def __new__(S, *more):
""" T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T """
pass def __nonzero__(self):
""" x.__nonzero__() <==> x != 0 """
pass def __oct__(self):
""" 返回改值的 八进制 表示 """
""" x.__oct__() <==> oct(x) """
pass def __or__(self, y):
""" x.__or__(y) <==> x|y """
pass def __pos__(self):
""" x.__pos__() <==> +x """
pass def __pow__(self, y, z=None):
""" 幂，次方 """
""" x.__pow__(y[, z]) <==> pow(x, y[, z]) """
pass def __radd__(self, y):
""" x.__radd__(y) <==> y+x """
pass def __rand__(self, y):
""" x.__rand__(y) <==> y&x """
pass def __rdivmod__(self, y):
""" x.__rdivmod__(y) <==> divmod(y, x) """
pass def __rdiv__(self, y):
""" x.__rdiv__(y) <==> y/x """
pass def __repr__(self):
"""转化为解释器可读取的形式 """
""" x.__repr__() <==> repr(x) """
pass def __str__(self):
"""转换为人阅读的形式，如果没有适于人阅读的解释形式的话，则返回解释器课阅读的形式"""
""" x.__str__() <==> str(x) """
pass def __rfloordiv__(self, y):
""" x.__rfloordiv__(y) <==> y//x """
pass def __rlshift__(self, y):
""" x.__rlshift__(y) <==> y<<x """
pass def __rmod__(self, y):
""" x.__rmod__(y) <==> y%x """
pass def __rmul__(self, y):
""" x.__rmul__(y) <==> y*x """
pass def __ror__(self, y):
""" x.__ror__(y) <==> y|x """
pass def __rpow__(self, x, z=None):
""" y.__rpow__(x[, z]) <==> pow(x, y[, z]) """
pass def __rrshift__(self, y):
""" x.__rrshift__(y) <==> y>>x """
pass def __rshift__(self, y):
""" x.__rshift__(y) <==> x>>y """
pass def __rsub__(self, y):
""" x.__rsub__(y) <==> y-x """
pass def __rtruediv__(self, y):
""" x.__rtruediv__(y) <==> y/x """
pass def __rxor__(self, y):
""" x.__rxor__(y) <==> y^x """
pass def __sub__(self, y):
""" x.__sub__(y) <==> x-y """
pass def __truediv__(self, y):
""" x.__truediv__(y) <==> x/y """
pass def __trunc__(self, *args, **kwargs):
""" 返回数值被截取为整形的值，在整形中无意义 """
pass def __xor__(self, y):
""" x.__xor__(y) <==> x^y """
pass denominator = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None) # default
""" 分母 = 1 """
"""the denominator of a rational number in lowest terms""" imag = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None) # default
""" 虚数，无意义 """
"""the imaginary part of a complex number""" numerator = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None) # default
""" 分子 = 数字大小 """
"""the numerator of a rational number in lowest terms""" real = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None) # default
""" 实属，无意义 """
"""the real part of a complex number"""int

class long(object):
"""
long(x=0) -> long
long(x, base=10) -> long Convert a number or string to a long integer, or return 0L if no arguments
are given. If x is floating point, the conversion truncates towards zero. If x is not a number or if base is given, then x must be a string or
Unicode object representing an integer literal in the given base. The
literal can be preceded by '+' or '-' and be surrounded by whitespace.
The base defaults to 10. Valid bases are 0 and 2-36. Base 0 means to
interpret the base from the string as an integer literal.
>>> int('0b100', base=0)
4L
"""
def bit_length(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""
long.bit_length() -> int or long Number of bits necessary to represent self in binary.
>>> bin(37L)
'0b100101'
>>> (37L).bit_length()
"""
return 0 def conjugate(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Returns self, the complex conjugate of any long. """
pass def __abs__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__abs__() <==> abs(x) """
pass def __add__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__add__(y) <==> x+y """
pass def __and__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__and__(y) <==> x&y """
pass def __cmp__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__cmp__(y) <==> cmp(x,y) """
pass def __coerce__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__coerce__(y) <==> coerce(x, y) """
pass def __divmod__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__divmod__(y) <==> divmod(x, y) """
pass def __div__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__div__(y) <==> x/y """
pass def __float__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__float__() <==> float(x) """
pass def __floordiv__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__floordiv__(y) <==> x//y """
pass def __format__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
pass def __getattribute__(self, name): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name """
pass def __getnewargs__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
pass def __hash__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__hash__() <==> hash(x) """
pass def __hex__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__hex__() <==> hex(x) """
pass def __index__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x[y:z] <==> x[y.__index__():z.__index__()] """
pass def __init__(self, x=0): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
pass def __int__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__int__() <==> int(x) """
pass def __invert__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__invert__() <==> ~x """
pass def __long__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__long__() <==> long(x) """
pass def __lshift__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__lshift__(y) <==> x<<y """
pass def __mod__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__mod__(y) <==> x%y """
pass def __mul__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__mul__(y) <==> x*y """
pass def __neg__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__neg__() <==> -x """
pass @staticmethod # known case of __new__
def __new__(S, *more): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T """
pass def __nonzero__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__nonzero__() <==> x != 0 """
pass def __oct__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__oct__() <==> oct(x) """
pass def __or__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__or__(y) <==> x|y """
pass def __pos__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__pos__() <==> +x """
pass def __pow__(self, y, z=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__pow__(y[, z]) <==> pow(x, y[, z]) """
pass def __radd__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__radd__(y) <==> y+x """
pass def __rand__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__rand__(y) <==> y&x """
pass def __rdivmod__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__rdivmod__(y) <==> divmod(y, x) """
pass def __rdiv__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__rdiv__(y) <==> y/x """
pass def __repr__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__repr__() <==> repr(x) """
pass def __rfloordiv__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__rfloordiv__(y) <==> y//x """
pass def __rlshift__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__rlshift__(y) <==> y<<x """
pass def __rmod__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__rmod__(y) <==> y%x """
pass def __rmul__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__rmul__(y) <==> y*x """
pass def __ror__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__ror__(y) <==> y|x """
pass def __rpow__(self, x, z=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" y.__rpow__(x[, z]) <==> pow(x, y[, z]) """
pass def __rrshift__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__rrshift__(y) <==> y>>x """
pass def __rshift__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__rshift__(y) <==> x>>y """
pass def __rsub__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__rsub__(y) <==> y-x """
pass def __rtruediv__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__rtruediv__(y) <==> y/x """
pass def __rxor__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__rxor__(y) <==> y^x """
pass def __sizeof__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Returns size in memory, in bytes """
pass def __str__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__str__() <==> str(x) """
pass def __sub__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__sub__(y) <==> x-y """
pass def __truediv__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__truediv__(y) <==> x/y """
pass def __trunc__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Truncating an Integral returns itself. """
pass def __xor__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__xor__(y) <==> x^y """
pass denominator = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None) # default
"""the denominator of a rational number in lowest terms""" imag = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None) # default
"""the imaginary part of a complex number""" numerator = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None) # default
"""the numerator of a rational number in lowest terms""" real = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None) # default
"""the real part of a complex number"""long

class float(object):
"""
float(x) -> floating point number Convert a string or number to a floating point number, if possible.
"""
def as_integer_ratio(self):
""" 获取改值的最简比 """
"""
float.as_integer_ratio() -> (int, int) Return a pair of integers, whose ratio is exactly equal to the original
float and with a positive denominator.
Raise OverflowError on infinities and a ValueError on NaNs. >>> (10.0).as_integer_ratio()
(10, 1)
>>> (0.0).as_integer_ratio()
(0, 1)
>>> (-.25).as_integer_ratio()
(-1, 4)
"""
pass def conjugate(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self, the complex conjugate of any float. """
pass def fromhex(self, string):
""" 将十六进制字符串转换成浮点型 """
"""
float.fromhex(string) -> float Create a floating-point number from a hexadecimal string.
>>> float.fromhex('0x1.ffffp10')
2047.984375
>>> float.fromhex('-0x1p-1074')
-4.9406564584124654e-324
"""
return 0.0 def hex(self):
""" 返回当前值的 16 进制表示 """
"""
float.hex() -> string Return a hexadecimal representation of a floating-point number.
>>> (-0.1).hex()
'-0x1.999999999999ap-4'
>>> 3.14159.hex()
'0x1.921f9f01b866ep+1'
"""
return "" def is_integer(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return True if the float is an integer. """
pass def __abs__(self):
""" x.__abs__() <==> abs(x) """
pass def __add__(self, y):
""" x.__add__(y) <==> x+y """
pass def __coerce__(self, y):
""" x.__coerce__(y) <==> coerce(x, y) """
pass def __divmod__(self, y):
""" x.__divmod__(y) <==> divmod(x, y) """
pass def __div__(self, y):
""" x.__div__(y) <==> x/y """
pass def __eq__(self, y):
""" x.__eq__(y) <==> x==y """
pass def __float__(self):
""" x.__float__() <==> float(x) """
pass def __floordiv__(self, y):
""" x.__floordiv__(y) <==> x//y """
pass def __format__(self, format_spec):
"""
float.__format__(format_spec) -> string Formats the float according to format_spec.
"""
return "" def __getattribute__(self, name):
""" x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name """
pass def __getformat__(self, typestr):
"""
float.__getformat__(typestr) -> string You probably don't want to use this function. It exists mainly to be
used in Python's test suite. typestr must be 'double' or 'float'. This function returns whichever of
'unknown', 'IEEE, big-endian' or 'IEEE, little-endian' best describes the
format of floating point numbers used by the C type named by typestr.
"""
return "" def __getnewargs__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
pass def __ge__(self, y):
""" x.__ge__(y) <==> x>=y """
pass def __gt__(self, y):
""" x.__gt__(y) <==> x>y """
pass def __hash__(self):
""" x.__hash__() <==> hash(x) """
pass def __init__(self, x):
pass def __int__(self):
""" x.__int__() <==> int(x) """
pass def __le__(self, y):
""" x.__le__(y) <==> x<=y """
pass def __long__(self):
""" x.__long__() <==> long(x) """
pass def __lt__(self, y):
""" x.__lt__(y) <==> x<y """
pass def __mod__(self, y):
""" x.__mod__(y) <==> x%y """
pass def __mul__(self, y):
""" x.__mul__(y) <==> x*y """
pass def __neg__(self):
""" x.__neg__() <==> -x """
pass @staticmethod # known case of __new__
def __new__(S, *more):
""" T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T """
pass def __ne__(self, y):
""" x.__ne__(y) <==> x!=y """
pass def __nonzero__(self):
""" x.__nonzero__() <==> x != 0 """
pass def __pos__(self):
""" x.__pos__() <==> +x """
pass def __pow__(self, y, z=None):
""" x.__pow__(y[, z]) <==> pow(x, y[, z]) """
pass def __radd__(self, y):
""" x.__radd__(y) <==> y+x """
pass def __rdivmod__(self, y):
""" x.__rdivmod__(y) <==> divmod(y, x) """
pass def __rdiv__(self, y):
""" x.__rdiv__(y) <==> y/x """
pass def __repr__(self):
""" x.__repr__() <==> repr(x) """
pass def __rfloordiv__(self, y):
""" x.__rfloordiv__(y) <==> y//x """
pass def __rmod__(self, y):
""" x.__rmod__(y) <==> y%x """
pass def __rmul__(self, y):
""" x.__rmul__(y) <==> y*x """
pass def __rpow__(self, x, z=None):
""" y.__rpow__(x[, z]) <==> pow(x, y[, z]) """
pass def __rsub__(self, y):
""" x.__rsub__(y) <==> y-x """
pass def __rtruediv__(self, y):
""" x.__rtruediv__(y) <==> y/x """
pass def __setformat__(self, typestr, fmt):
"""
float.__setformat__(typestr, fmt) -> None You probably don't want to use this function. It exists mainly to be
used in Python's test suite. typestr must be 'double' or 'float'. fmt must be one of 'unknown',
'IEEE, big-endian' or 'IEEE, little-endian', and in addition can only be
one of the latter two if it appears to match the underlying C reality. Override the automatic determination of C-level floating point type.
This affects how floats are converted to and from binary strings.
"""
pass def __str__(self):
""" x.__str__() <==> str(x) """
pass def __sub__(self, y):
""" x.__sub__(y) <==> x-y """
pass def __truediv__(self, y):
""" x.__truediv__(y) <==> x/y """
pass def __trunc__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return the Integral closest to x between 0 and x. """
pass imag = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None) # default
"""the imaginary part of a complex number""" real = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None) # default
"""the real part of a complex number""" float

class str(basestring):
"""
str(object='') -> string Return a nice string representation of the object.
If the argument is a string, the return value is the same object.
"""
def capitalize(self):
""" 首字母变大写 """
"""
S.capitalize() -> string Return a copy of the string S with only its first character
capitalized.
"""
return "" def center(self, width, fillchar=None):
""" 内容居中，width：总长度；fillchar：空白处填充内容，默认无 """
"""
S.center(width[, fillchar]) -> string Return S centered in a string of length width. Padding is
done using the specified fill character (default is a space)
"""
return "" def count(self, sub, start=None, end=None):
""" 子序列个数 """
"""
S.count(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int Return the number of non-overlapping occurrences of substring sub in
string S[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted
as in slice notation.
"""
return 0 def decode(self, encoding=None, errors=None):
""" 解码 """
"""
S.decode([encoding[,errors]]) -> object Decodes S using the codec registered for encoding. encoding defaults
to the default encoding. errors may be given to set a different error
handling scheme. Default is 'strict' meaning that encoding errors raise
a UnicodeDecodeError. Other possible values are 'ignore' and 'replace'
as well as any other name registered with codecs.register_error that is
able to handle UnicodeDecodeErrors.
"""
return object() def encode(self, encoding=None, errors=None):
""" 编码，针对unicode """
"""
S.encode([encoding[,errors]]) -> object Encodes S using the codec registered for encoding. encoding defaults
to the default encoding. errors may be given to set a different error
handling scheme. Default is 'strict' meaning that encoding errors raise
a UnicodeEncodeError. Other possible values are 'ignore', 'replace' and
'xmlcharrefreplace' as well as any other name registered with
codecs.register_error that is able to handle UnicodeEncodeErrors.
"""
return object() def endswith(self, suffix, start=None, end=None):
""" 是否以 xxx 结束 """
"""
S.endswith(suffix[, start[, end]]) -> bool Return True if S ends with the specified suffix, False otherwise.
With optional start, test S beginning at that position.
With optional end, stop comparing S at that position.
suffix can also be a tuple of strings to try.
"""
return False def expandtabs(self, tabsize=None):
""" 将tab转换成空格，默认一个tab转换成8个空格 """
"""
S.expandtabs([tabsize]) -> string Return a copy of S where all tab characters are expanded using spaces.
If tabsize is not given, a tab size of 8 characters is assumed.
"""
return "" def find(self, sub, start=None, end=None):
""" 寻找子序列位置，如果没找到，返回 -1 """
"""
S.find(sub [,start [,end]]) -> int Return the lowest index in S where substring sub is found,
such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional
arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation. Return -1 on failure.
"""
return 0 def format(*args, **kwargs): # known special case of str.format
""" 字符串格式化，动态参数，将函数式编程时细说 """
"""
S.format(*args, **kwargs) -> string Return a formatted version of S, using substitutions from args and kwargs.
The substitutions are identified by braces ('{' and '}').
"""
pass def index(self, sub, start=None, end=None):
""" 子序列位置，如果没找到，报错 """
S.index(sub [,start [,end]]) -> int Like S.find() but raise ValueError when the substring is not found.
"""
return 0 def isalnum(self):
""" 是否是字母和数字 """
"""
S.isalnum() -> bool Return True if all characters in S are alphanumeric
and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise.
"""
return False def isalpha(self):
""" 是否是字母 """
"""
S.isalpha() -> bool Return True if all characters in S are alphabetic
and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise.
"""
return False def isdigit(self):
""" 是否是数字 """
"""
S.isdigit() -> bool Return True if all characters in S are digits
and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise.
"""
return False def islower(self):
""" 是否小写 """
"""
S.islower() -> bool Return True if all cased characters in S are lowercase and there is
at least one cased character in S, False otherwise.
"""
return False def isspace(self):
"""
S.isspace() -> bool Return True if all characters in S are whitespace
and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise.
"""
return False def istitle(self):
"""
S.istitle() -> bool Return True if S is a titlecased string and there is at least one
character in S, i.e. uppercase characters may only follow uncased
characters and lowercase characters only cased ones. Return False
otherwise.
"""
return False def isupper(self):
"""
S.isupper() -> bool Return True if all cased characters in S are uppercase and there is
at least one cased character in S, False otherwise.
"""
return False def join(self, iterable):
""" 连接 """
"""
S.join(iterable) -> string Return a string which is the concatenation of the strings in the
iterable. The separator between elements is S.
"""
return "" def ljust(self, width, fillchar=None):
""" 内容左对齐，右侧填充 """
"""
S.ljust(width[, fillchar]) -> string Return S left-justified in a string of length width. Padding is
done using the specified fill character (default is a space).
"""
return "" def lower(self):
""" 变小写 """
"""
S.lower() -> string Return a copy of the string S converted to lowercase.
"""
return "" def lstrip(self, chars=None):
""" 移除左侧空白 """
"""
S.lstrip([chars]) -> string or unicode Return a copy of the string S with leading whitespace removed.
If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.
If chars is unicode, S will be converted to unicode before stripping
"""
return "" def partition(self, sep):
""" 分割，前，中，后三部分 """
"""
S.partition(sep) -> (head, sep, tail) Search for the separator sep in S, and return the part before it,
the separator itself, and the part after it. If the separator is not
found, return S and two empty strings.
"""
pass def replace(self, old, new, count=None):
""" 替换 """
"""
S.replace(old, new[, count]) -> string Return a copy of string S with all occurrences of substring
old replaced by new. If the optional argument count is
given, only the first count occurrences are replaced.
"""
return "" def rfind(self, sub, start=None, end=None):
"""
S.rfind(sub [,start [,end]]) -> int Return the highest index in S where substring sub is found,
such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional
arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation. Return -1 on failure.
"""
return 0 def rindex(self, sub, start=None, end=None):
"""
S.rindex(sub [,start [,end]]) -> int Like S.rfind() but raise ValueError when the substring is not found.
"""
return 0 def rjust(self, width, fillchar=None):
"""
S.rjust(width[, fillchar]) -> string Return S right-justified in a string of length width. Padding is
done using the specified fill character (default is a space)
"""
return "" def rpartition(self, sep):
"""
S.rpartition(sep) -> (head, sep, tail) Search for the separator sep in S, starting at the end of S, and return
the part before it, the separator itself, and the part after it. If the
separator is not found, return two empty strings and S.
"""
pass def rsplit(self, sep=None, maxsplit=None):
"""
S.rsplit([sep [,maxsplit]]) -> list of strings Return a list of the words in the string S, using sep as the
delimiter string, starting at the end of the string and working
to the front. If maxsplit is given, at most maxsplit splits are
done. If sep is not specified or is None, any whitespace string
is a separator.
"""
return [] def rstrip(self, chars=None):
"""
S.rstrip([chars]) -> string or unicode Return a copy of the string S with trailing whitespace removed.
If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.
If chars is unicode, S will be converted to unicode before stripping
"""
return "" def split(self, sep=None, maxsplit=None):
""" 分割， maxsplit最多分割几次 """
"""
S.split([sep [,maxsplit]]) -> list of strings Return a list of the words in the string S, using sep as the
delimiter string. If maxsplit is given, at most maxsplit
splits are done. If sep is not specified or is None, any
whitespace string is a separator and empty strings are removed
from the result.
"""
return [] def splitlines(self, keepends=False):
""" 根据换行分割 """
"""
S.splitlines(keepends=False) -> list of strings Return a list of the lines in S, breaking at line boundaries.
Line breaks are not included in the resulting list unless keepends
is given and true.
"""
return [] def startswith(self, prefix, start=None, end=None):
""" 是否起始 """
"""
S.startswith(prefix[, start[, end]]) -> bool Return True if S starts with the specified prefix, False otherwise.
With optional start, test S beginning at that position.
With optional end, stop comparing S at that position.
prefix can also be a tuple of strings to try.
"""
return False def strip(self, chars=None):
""" 移除两段空白 """
"""
S.strip([chars]) -> string or unicode Return a copy of the string S with leading and trailing
whitespace removed.
If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.
If chars is unicode, S will be converted to unicode before stripping
"""
return "" def swapcase(self):
""" 大写变小写，小写变大写 """
"""
S.swapcase() -> string Return a copy of the string S with uppercase characters
converted to lowercase and vice versa.
"""
return "" def title(self):
"""
S.title() -> string Return a titlecased version of S, i.e. words start with uppercase
characters, all remaining cased characters have lowercase.
"""
return "" def translate(self, table, deletechars=None):
"""
转换，需要先做一个对应表，最后一个表示删除字符集合
intab = "aeiou"
outtab = ""
trantab = maketrans(intab, outtab)
str = "this is string example....wow!!!"
print str.translate(trantab, 'xm')
""" """
S.translate(table [,deletechars]) -> string Return a copy of the string S, where all characters occurring
in the optional argument deletechars are removed, and the
remaining characters have been mapped through the given
translation table, which must be a string of length 256 or None.
If the table argument is None, no translation is applied and
the operation simply removes the characters in deletechars.
"""
return "" def upper(self):
"""
S.upper() -> string Return a copy of the string S converted to uppercase.
"""
return "" def zfill(self, width):
"""方法返回指定长度的字符串，原字符串右对齐，前面填充0。"""
"""
S.zfill(width) -> string Pad a numeric string S with zeros on the left, to fill a field
of the specified width. The string S is never truncated.
"""
return "" def _formatter_field_name_split(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
pass def _formatter_parser(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
pass def __add__(self, y):
""" x.__add__(y) <==> x+y """
pass def __contains__(self, y):
""" x.__contains__(y) <==> y in x """
pass def __eq__(self, y):
""" x.__eq__(y) <==> x==y """
pass def __format__(self, format_spec):
"""
S.__format__(format_spec) -> string Return a formatted version of S as described by format_spec.
"""
return "" def __getattribute__(self, name):
""" x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name """
pass def __getitem__(self, y):
""" x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y] """
pass def __getnewargs__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
pass def __getslice__(self, i, j):
"""
x.__getslice__(i, j) <==> x[i:j] Use of negative indices is not supported.
"""
pass def __ge__(self, y):
""" x.__ge__(y) <==> x>=y """
pass def __gt__(self, y):
""" x.__gt__(y) <==> x>y """
pass def __hash__(self):
""" x.__hash__() <==> hash(x) """
pass def __init__(self, string=''): # known special case of str.__init__
"""
str(object='') -> string Return a nice string representation of the object.
If the argument is a string, the return value is the same object.
# (copied from class doc)
"""
pass def __len__(self):
""" x.__len__() <==> len(x) """
pass def __le__(self, y):
""" x.__le__(y) <==> x<=y """
pass def __lt__(self, y):
""" x.__lt__(y) <==> x<y """
pass def __mod__(self, y):
""" x.__mod__(y) <==> x%y """
pass def __mul__(self, n):
""" x.__mul__(n) <==> x*n """
pass @staticmethod # known case of __new__
def __new__(S, *more):
""" T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T """
pass def __ne__(self, y):
""" x.__ne__(y) <==> x!=y """
pass def __repr__(self):
""" x.__repr__() <==> repr(x) """
pass def __rmod__(self, y):
""" x.__rmod__(y) <==> y%x """
pass def __rmul__(self, n):
""" x.__rmul__(n) <==> n*x """
pass def __sizeof__(self):
""" S.__sizeof__() -> size of S in memory, in bytes """
pass def __str__(self):
""" x.__str__() <==> str(x) """
passstr

class list(object):
"""
list() -> new empty list
list(iterable) -> new list initialized from iterable's items
"""
def append(self, p_object): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" L.append(object) -- append object to end """
pass def count(self, value): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" L.count(value) -> integer -- return number of occurrences of value """
return 0 def extend(self, iterable): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" L.extend(iterable) -- extend list by appending elements from the iterable """
pass def index(self, value, start=None, stop=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""
L.index(value, [start, [stop]]) -> integer -- return first index of value.
Raises ValueError if the value is not present.
"""
return 0 def insert(self, index, p_object): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" L.insert(index, object) -- insert object before index """
pass def pop(self, index=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""
L.pop([index]) -> item -- remove and return item at index (default last).
Raises IndexError if list is empty or index is out of range.
"""
pass def remove(self, value): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""
L.remove(value) -- remove first occurrence of value.
Raises ValueError if the value is not present.
"""
pass def reverse(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" L.reverse() -- reverse *IN PLACE* """
pass def sort(self, cmp=None, key=None, reverse=False): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""
L.sort(cmp=None, key=None, reverse=False) -- stable sort *IN PLACE*;
cmp(x, y) -> -1, 0, 1
"""
pass def __add__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__add__(y) <==> x+y """
pass def __contains__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__contains__(y) <==> y in x """
pass def __delitem__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__delitem__(y) <==> del x[y] """
pass def __delslice__(self, i, j): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""
x.__delslice__(i, j) <==> del x[i:j] Use of negative indices is not supported.
"""
pass def __eq__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__eq__(y) <==> x==y """
pass def __getattribute__(self, name): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name """
pass def __getitem__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y] """
pass def __getslice__(self, i, j): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""
x.__getslice__(i, j) <==> x[i:j] Use of negative indices is not supported.
"""
pass def __ge__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__ge__(y) <==> x>=y """
pass def __gt__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__gt__(y) <==> x>y """
pass def __iadd__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__iadd__(y) <==> x+=y """
pass def __imul__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__imul__(y) <==> x*=y """
pass def __init__(self, seq=()): # known special case of list.__init__
"""
list() -> new empty list
list(iterable) -> new list initialized from iterable's items
# (copied from class doc)
"""
pass def __iter__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__iter__() <==> iter(x) """
pass def __len__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__len__() <==> len(x) """
pass def __le__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__le__(y) <==> x<=y """
pass def __lt__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__lt__(y) <==> x<y """
pass def __mul__(self, n): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__mul__(n) <==> x*n """
pass @staticmethod # known case of __new__
def __new__(S, *more): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T """
pass def __ne__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__ne__(y) <==> x!=y """
pass def __repr__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__repr__() <==> repr(x) """
pass def __reversed__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" L.__reversed__() -- return a reverse iterator over the list """
pass def __rmul__(self, n): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__rmul__(n) <==> n*x """
pass def __setitem__(self, i, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__setitem__(i, y) <==> x[i]=y """
pass def __setslice__(self, i, j, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""
x.__setslice__(i, j, y) <==> x[i:j]=y Use of negative indices is not supported.
"""
pass def __sizeof__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" L.__sizeof__() -- size of L in memory, in bytes """
pass __hash__ = Nonelist

#5种创建方式
age = 11,22,33,44,55 #直接写数字或者字符串，默认创建类型元组 字符串类型用引号'lzl'
#输出： (11, 22, 33, 44, 55)
age = (11,22,33,44,55) #常见命名方式,()指定类型元组
#输出： (11, 22, 33, 44, 55)
age = tuple((11,22,33,44,55)) #tuple 以类的方式创建(()) 双括号 里面的()不可去掉
#输出： (11, 22, 33, 44, 55)
age = tuple([11,22,33,44,55]) #同(()) 效果一样 很少用 忘记它
#输出： (11, 22, 33, 44, 55)
age = tuple({11,22,33,44,55}) #({})创建的元组，随机排列 没卵用
#输出： (33, 11, 44, 22, 55)

##count #统计元组字符出现的次数
name = ('wupeiqi', 'alex','lzl')
print(name.count('alex'))
# 1
##index #查看字符串所在的索引位置
name = ('wupeiqi', 'alex','lzl')
print(name.index('lzl'))
# 2

tuple

#两种创建方式：
info_dic = {'stu1101': "TengLan Wu",'stu1102': "LongZe Luola",'stu1103': "XiaoZe Maliya",}
print(info_dic)
#{'stu1102': 'LongZe Luola', 'stu1101': 'TengLan Wu', 'stu1103': 'XiaoZe Maliya'}
info_dic = dict({'stu1101': "TengLan Wu",'stu1102': "LongZe Luola",'stu1103': "XiaoZe Maliya",})
print(info_dic)
#{'stu1102': 'LongZe Luola', 'stu1101': 'TengLan Wu', 'stu1103': 'XiaoZe Maliya'}

# 第一种方式
info_dic = {'stu1101': "TengLan Wu",'stu1102': "LongZe Luola",'stu1103': "XiaoZe Maliya",}
info_dic['stu1104'] = "JingKong Cang" #增加
print(info_dic)
# {'stu1102': 'LongZe Luola', 'stu1104': 'JingKong Cang', 'stu1103': 'XiaoZe Maliya', 'stu1101': 'TengLan Wu'}# 第二种方式
dic = {}
d1={'k1':1}
d2={'k2':2}
dic.update(d1)
dic.update(d2)
print(dic)
# {'k1': 1, 'k2': 2}

info_dic = {'stu1101': "TengLan Wu",'stu1102': "LongZe Luola",'stu1103': "XiaoZe Maliya",}
info_dic["stu1101"] = "Jingkong Cang" #有相应的key时为修改，没有为增加
print(info_dic)

#3种删除方式
info_dic = {'stu1101': "TengLan Wu",'stu1102': "LongZe Luola",'stu1103': "XiaoZe Maliya",}
info_dic.pop('stu1101') #pop删除,指定删除的key
print(info_dic)
#{'stu1103': 'XiaoZe Maliya', 'stu1102': 'LongZe Luola'}
del info_dic['stu1102'] #del删除，指定删除的key
print(info_dic)
#{'stu1103': 'XiaoZe Maliya'}
info_dic = {'stu1101': "TengLan Wu",'stu1102': "LongZe Luola",'stu1103': "XiaoZe Maliya",}
info_dic.popitem() #随机删除，没卵用
print(info_dic)
#{'stu1101': 'TengLan Wu', 'stu1103': 'XiaoZe Maliya'}

info_dic = {'stu1101': "TengLan Wu",'stu1102': "LongZe Luola",'stu1103': "XiaoZe Maliya",}
print(info_dic.get('stu1102')) #get查找，通过key查找value值
#LongZe Luola
print(info_dic['stu1102']) #通过key直接查找，但是如果输入查找的key不存在的话，就会报错，get则不会
#LongZe Luola

av_catalog = {
"欧美":{
"www.youporn.com": ["很多免费的,世界最大的","质量一般"],
"www.pornhub.com": ["很多免费的,也很大","质量比yourporn高点"],
"letmedothistoyou.com": ["多是自拍,高质量图片很多","资源不多,更新慢"],
"x-art.com":["质量很高,真的很高","全部收费,屌比请绕过"]
},
"日韩":{
"tokyo-hot":["质量怎样不清楚,个人已经不喜欢日韩范了","听说是收费的"]
},
"大陆":{
"1024":["全部免费,真好,好人一生平安","服务器在国外,慢"]
}
}av_catalog["大陆"]["1024"][1] += ",可以用爬虫爬下来"
print(av_catalog["大陆"]["1024"])
#['全部免费,真好,好人一生平安', '服务器在国外,慢,可以用爬虫爬下来']

info_dic = {'stu1101': "TengLan Wu",'stu1102': "LongZe Luola",'stu1103': "XiaoZe Maliya",}
for stu_nu in info_dic:
print(stu_nu,info_dic[stu_nu]) #循环默认提取的是key
#stu1103 XiaoZe Maliya
#stu1101 TengLan Wu
#stu1102 LongZe Luola
for k,v in info_dic.items(): #先把dict生成list，数据量大的时候费时，不建议使用
print(k,v)
#stu1103 XiaoZe Maliya
#stu1101 TengLan Wu
#stu1102 LongZe Luola

dict

dic = {'k1':'v1','k2':'v2','k3':'v3'}for key,value in dic.items(): #错误的方式
if key == 'k2':
del dic[key]
# RuntimeError: dictionary changed size during iterationprint(dic.keys()) # 迭代器
# dict_keys(['k3', 'k2', 'k1'])
for key in list(dic.keys()):
if key == 'k2':
del dic[key]

#标准创建方式
info_set = set(["alex","wupeiqi","eric","lzl",11,22,33])
print(info_set,type(info_set))
#{33, 11, 'wupeiqi', 'lzl', 'alex', 'eric', 22} <class 'set'>

#添加的两种方式
set_1 = set(["alex","wupeiqi","eric","lzl"])
set_1.add(11) #add只能添加一个元素
print(set_1)
#{'alex', 'lzl', 'eric', 11, 'wupeiqi'}set_1 = set(["alex","wupeiqi","eric","lzl"])
set_1.update([11,22,33])
print(set_1) #update可以添加多个元素
#{33, 11, 'alex', 'wupeiqi', 'eric', 22, 'lzl'}

#删除的三种方式
set_1 = set(["alex","wupeiqi","eric","lzl",11,22,33])
set_1.remove("alex") #remove 删除指定元素
print(set_1)
#{'eric', 33, 'lzl', 11, 22, 'wupeiqi'}set_1.pop() #pop 随机删除元素
print(set_1)
#{33, 'wupeiqi', 11, 22, 'lzl'}set_1.discard("lzl") #discard 删除指定元素，与remove区别在于，如果元素不存在也不会报错
set_1.discard(55)
print(set_1)
#{33, 'wupeiqi', 11, 22}

#交集
set_1 = set(["alex","wupeiqi","eric","lzl",11,22,33])
set_2 = set([11,22,33,44,55,66])print(set_1.intersection(set_2)) #intersection 取两个set的交集 set_1和set_2可以互换位置
#{33, 11, 22}print(set_1.intersection(set_2,{22,11},{11})) #可写多个值
# {11}

#并集
set_1 = set(["alex","wupeiqi","eric","lzl",11,22,33])
set_2 = set([11,22,33,44,55,66])print(set_1.union(set_2)) #union 取两个set集合的并集 set_1和set_2可以互换位置
#{33, 66, 11, 44, 'eric', 55, 'lzl', 22, 'wupeiqi', 'alex'}

#差集
set_1 = set(["alex","wupeiqi","eric","lzl",11,22,33])
set_2 = set([11,22,33,44,55,66])print(set_1.difference(set_2)) #difference 取两个set集合的差集 set_1有但是set_2没有的集合
#{'lzl', 'eric', 'wupeiqi', 'alex'}

#子集
set_1 = set(["alex","wupeiqi","eric","lzl",11,22,33])
set_2 = set([11,22,33,44,55,66])
set_3 = set([11,22,33])
print(set_1.issubset(set_2)) #issubset 子集
#False
print(set_1.issuperset(set_3)) #issuperset 父集
#True

#对称差集
set_1 = set(["alex","wupeiqi","eric","lzl",11,22,33])
set_2 = set([11,22,33,44,55,66])print(set_1.symmetric_difference(set_2)) #symmetric_difference 对称差集=两个集合并集减去合集
#{66, 'lzl', 'eric', 'alex', 55, 'wupeiqi', 44}

#运算符做关系测试
set_1 = set(["alex","wupeiqi","eric","lzl",11,22,33])
set_2 = set([11,22,33,44,55,66])set_union = set_1 | set_2 # 并集set_intersection = set_1 & set_2 # 交集set_difference = set_1 - set_2 # 差集set_symmetric_difference = set_1 ^ set_2 # 对称差集

set

product_information

readme

Shopping.py