python之paramiko 远程执行命令

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有时会需要在远程的机器上执行一个命令，并获得其返回结果。对于这种情况，python 可以很容易的实现。

1 、工具

Python paramiko

1) Paramiko模块安装

在Linux的Terminal中，直接输入pip install paramiko 命令安装。

2）确定paramiko安装成功

在python命令行输入import paramiko，确认是否安装成功，没报错就没问题。

2、步骤

1 、导入 paramiko 模块

#!/usr/bin/python
import paramiko

2 、创建 ssh 连接函数

def ssh_connect( _host, _username, _password ):
try:
_ssh_fd = paramiko.SSHClient()
_ssh_fd.set_missing_host_key_policy( paramiko.AutoAddPolicy() )
_ssh_fd.connect( _host, username = _username, password = _password )
except Exception, e:
print( 'ssh %s@%s: %s' % (_username, _host, e) )
exit()
return _ssh_fd

3、创建命令执行函数

def ssh_exec_cmd( _ssh_fd, _cmd ):
return _ssh_fd.exec_command( _cmd )

4 、创建关闭 ssh 函数

def ssh_close( _ssh_fd ):
_ssh_fd.close()

5、使用示例

def main():
hostname = '192.168.1.46'
port = 22
username = 'root'
password = 'P@ssw0rd'
cmd = "ip a" sshd = ssh_connect( hostname , username , password )
stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh_exec_cmd( sshd, cmd )
err_list = stderr.readlines() if len( err_list ) > 0:
print 'ERROR:' + err_list[0]
exit() for item in stdout.readlines():
print item,
ssh_close( sshd )if __name__ == "__main__":
main()

如果执行脚本成功，会成功返回以下结果。

['1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN \n', ' link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00\n', ' inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo\n', ' inet6 ::1/128 scope host \n', ' valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever\n', '2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000\n', ' link/ether 00:50:56:b3:6c:03 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff\n', 'inet 192.168.1.46/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global eth0\n', ' inet6 fe80::250:56ff:feb3:6c03/64 scope link \n', ' valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever\n']

在实际的开发中，每次更新模块的jar包时，都需要使用 ps -ef | grep java, 查看模块的进程号，然后使用使用命令 kill -9 进程号，处理掉进程，然后重新启动模块。

下面尝试使用python脚本来代替手工输入代码。

3、实例

1）启动模块

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-import paramiko
ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
ssh.connect('192.168.1.222', username = 'root', password = 'P@ssw0rd', timeout = 5)
cmd = 'nohup /csdp/charge_launcher-1.0-release/bin/run.sh > /csdp/charge_launcher-1.0-release/bin/nohup.out 2>&1 & \r\n'password= 'P@ssw0rd'stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command( cmd )
##stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('sudo -S %s\n' % cmd )
##stdin.write('%s\r\n' % password)
##stdin.flush()
print "------------------------"
##print stdout.readlines()
##print stderr.read() print "------------------------"
cmd = 'pwd'
stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(cmd )
print stdout.readlines() ssh.close()

2）远程上传文件

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import paramikoserverIp = '192.168.55.243'
serverUser = 'root'
serverPwd = 'P@ssw0rd'localFile = 'user-1.0-release.jar'
localpath = r'D:\workspace\csdp201512041\csdp-ningxia\csdp_user\user\target' + os.sep + localFileremotepath = '/csdp/user_launcher-1.0-dev/lib/' + localFiledef ftpModuleFile():
t = paramiko.Transport(( serverIp ,22))
t.connect(username = serverUser , password = serverPwd)
sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(t)
# remotepath='/csdp/user_launcher-1.0-dev/user-1.0-release.jar'
# localpath= r'D:\workspace\csdp201512041\csdp-ningxia\csdp_user\user\target\user-1.0-release.jar'
sftp.put(localpath,remotepath)
t.close()
print("：）成功上传%s文件。" % remotepath) if __name__ == '__main__':
ftpModuleFile()

3) 执行远程linux命令

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import paramikoif __name__ == "__main__":
hostname = '192.168.55.243'
port = 22
username = 'root'
password = 'P@ssw0rd'
cmd = "ps -ef|grep java" ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
#ssh.connect( hostname ,22, username , password )
ssh.connect(hostname,username=username,password=password,allow_agent=False,look_for_keys=False)
stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(cmd )
list = stdout.readlines()
print( list ) ssh.close()