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flask框架（八）—自定义命令flask-script、多app应用、wtforms表单验证、SQLAIchemy
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自定义命令flask-script
用于实现类似于django中 python3 manage.py runserver ...类似的命令,用命令行启动项目
首先安装：pip3 install flask_script
使用 (注意我这里的文件名取shell-ma,文件名随便取)
from flask import Flask
from flask_script import Manager
app = Flask(__name__)
manager=Manager(app)@app.route("/")
def index():
return "ok"if __name__ == '__main__':
manager.run()注意：启动命令行在Terminal中输入(前提需要在正确的路径下) python shell-ma.py runserver 这样项目就启动了，我们可以访问'/'路径
自定制命令启动
from flask import Flask
from flask_script import Manager
app = Flask(__name__)
manager=Manager(app)@manager.command 相当于位置传参
def custom(arg):
"""
启动命令行
python shell-ma.py custom 123
"""
print(arg) #arg打印的就是传入的123@manager.option('-n', '--name', dest='name') 相当于关键字传参
@manager.option('-u', '--url', dest='url')
def cmd(name, url):
"""
自定义命令（-n也可以写成--name）
执行： python manage.py cmd -n lqz -u aa
执行： python manage.py cmd --name lqz --url bb
"""
print(name, url)if __name__ == '__main__':
manager.run()
多app应用
from werkzeug.wsgi import DispatcherMiddleware
from werkzeug.serving import run_simple
from flask import Flask, current_app
app1 = Flask('app01')
app2 = Flask('app02')@app1.route('/index')
def index():
return "app01"@app2.route('/index2')
def index2():
return "app2"# http://www.oldboyedu.com/index
# http://www.oldboyedu.com/sec/index2
dm = DispatcherMiddleware(app1, {
'/sec': app2,
})if __name__ == "__main__":
run_simple('localhost', 5000, dm)注意：访问app01路径：127.0.0.1:5000/index
访问app02路径：127.0.0.1:5000/sec/index2
wtforms表单验证
安装: pip install wtforms
使用1:表单验证
from flask import Flask, render_template, request, redirect
from wtforms import Form
from wtforms.fields import simple
from wtforms import validators
from wtforms import widgetsapp = Flask(__name__)app.debug = Trueclass LoginForm(Form):
# 字段（内部包含正则表达式）
name = simple.StringField(
label='用户名',
validators=[
validators.DataRequired(message='用户名不能为空.'),
validators.Length(min=2, max=6, message='用户名长度必须大于%(min)d且小于%(max)d')
],
widget=widgets.TextInput(), # 页面上显示的插件
render_kw={'class': 'form-control'}
)
# 字段（内部包含正则表达式）
pwd = simple.PasswordField(
label='密码',
validators=[
validators.DataRequired(message='密码不能为空.'),
validators.Length(min=8, message='密码长度必须大于%(min)d'),
# validators.Regexp(regex="^(?=.*[a-z])(?=.*[A-Z])(?=.*\d)(?=.*[$@$!%*?&])[A-Za-z\d$@$!%*?&]{8,}",
# message='密码至少8个字符，至少1个大写字母，1个小写字母，1个数字和1个特殊字符') ],
widget=widgets.PasswordInput(),
render_kw={'class': 'form-control'}
)@app.route('/login', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def login():
if request.method == 'GET':
form = LoginForm()
return render_template('login.html', form=form)
else:
form = LoginForm(formdata=request.form)
if form.validate():
print('用户提交数据通过格式验证，提交的值为：', form.data)
else:
print(form.errors)
return render_template('login.html', form=form)if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run()
login.py
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>登录</h1>
<form method="post">
<p>{{form.name.label}} {{form.name}} {{form.name.errors[0] }}</p>
<p>{{form.pwd.label}} {{form.pwd}} {{form.pwd.errors[0] }}</p>
<input type="submit" value="提交">
</form>
</body>
</html>
使用2：各种类型表单验证（包括单选，多选，下拉框等等）
from flask import Flask, render_template, request
from wtforms import Form
from wtforms.fields import core
from wtforms.fields import html5
from wtforms.fields import simple
from wtforms import validators
from wtforms import widgetsapp = Flask(__name__, template_folder='templates')
app.debug = Trueclass RegisterForm(Form): def validate_pwd_confirm(self, field):
"""
自定义pwd_confirm字段规则，例：与pwd字段是否一致
:param field:
:return:
"""
# 最开始初始化时，self.data中已经有所有的值
print(field.data)
if field.data !="sb":
#raise validators.ValidationError("sb") # 继续后续验证
raise validators.StopValidation("SB") # 不再继续后续验证 # if field.data != self.data['pwd']:
# raise validators.ValidationError("密码不一致") # 继续后续验证
#raise validators.StopValidation("密码不一致") # 不再继续后续验证 name = simple.StringField(
label='用户名',
validators=[
validators.DataRequired()
],
widget=widgets.TextInput(),
render_kw={'class': 'form-control'},
default='tank'
) pwd = simple.PasswordField(
label='密码',
validators=[
validators.DataRequired(message='密码不能为空.')
],
widget=widgets.PasswordInput(),
render_kw={'class': 'form-control'}
) pwd_confirm = simple.PasswordField(
label='重复密码',
validators=[
validate_pwd_confirm,
validators.DataRequired(message='重复密码不能为空.'),
#validators.EqualTo('pwd', message="两次密码输入不一致")
],
widget=widgets.PasswordInput(),
render_kw={'class': 'form-control'}
) email = html5.EmailField(
label='邮箱',
validators=[
validators.DataRequired(message='邮箱不能为空.'),
validators.Email(message='邮箱格式错误')
],
widget=widgets.TextInput(input_type='email'),
render_kw={'class': 'form-control'}
) gender = core.RadioField(
label='性别',
choices=(
(1, '男'),
(2, '女'),
),
coerce=int # “1” “2”
)
city = core.SelectField(
label='城市',
choices=(
('bj', '北京'),
('sh', '上海'),
)
) hobby = core.SelectMultipleField(
label='爱好',
choices=(
(1, '篮球'),
(2, '足球'),
),
coerce=int
) favor = core.SelectMultipleField(
label='喜好',
choices=(
(1, '篮球'),
(2, '足球'),
),
widget=widgets.ListWidget(prefix_label=False),
option_widget=widgets.CheckboxInput(),
coerce=int,
default=[1, 2]
) def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
super(RegisterForm, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
self.favor.choices = ((1, '篮球'), (2, '足球'), (3, '羽毛球'))
self.favor.data=[1,]@app.route('/register', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def register():
if request.method == 'GET':
form = RegisterForm(data={'gender': 2,'hobby':[1,]}) # initial
return render_template('register.html', form=form)
else:
form = RegisterForm(formdata=request.form)
if form.validate():
print('用户提交数据通过格式验证，提交的值为：', form.data)
else:
print(form.errors)
return render_template('register.html', form=form)if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run()
register.py
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>用户注册</h1>
<form method="post" novalidate style="padding:0 50px">
{% for field in form %}
<p>{{field.label}}: {{field}} {{field.errors[0] }}</p>
{% endfor %}
<input type="submit" value="提交">
</form>
</body>
</html>
SQLAIchemy
https://www.cnblogs.com/xiaoyuanqujing/articles/11715497.html
scoped_session
一对多
多对多
Flask_SQLAIchemy
