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Django 信号、中间件、i18n 专题
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信号
Django中提供了“信号调度”，用于在框架执行操作时解耦。通俗来讲，就是一些动作发生的时候，信号允许特定的发送者去提醒一些接受者。
1. Django内置信号
Model signals
pre_init # django的modal执行其构造方法前，自动触发
post_init # django的modal执行其构造方法后，自动触发
pre_save # django的modal对象保存前，自动触发
post_save # django的modal对象保存后，自动触发
pre_delete # django的modal对象删除前，自动触发
post_delete # django的modal对象删除后，自动触发
m2m_changed # django的modal中使用m2m字段操作第三张表（add,remove,clear）前后，自动触发
class_prepared # 程序启动时，检测已注册的app中modal类，对于每一个类，自动触发
Management signals
pre_migrate # 执行migrate命令前，自动触发
post_migrate # 执行migrate命令后，自动触发
Request/response signals
request_started # 请求到来前，自动触发
request_finished # 请求结束后，自动触发
got_request_exception # 请求异常后，自动触发
Test signals
setting_changed # 使用test测试修改配置文件时，自动触发
template_rendered # 使用test测试渲染模板时，自动触发
Database Wrappers
connection_created # 创建数据库连接时，自动触发
from django.core.signals import request_finished
from django.core.signals import request_started
from django.core.signals import got_request_exception from django.db.models.signals import class_prepared
from django.db.models.signals import pre_init, post_init
from django.db.models.signals import pre_save, post_save
from django.db.models.signals import pre_delete, post_delete
from django.db.models.signals import m2m_changed
from django.db.models.signals import pre_migrate, post_migrate from django.test.signals import setting_changed
from django.test.signals import template_rendered from django.db.backends.signals import connection_created def callback(sender, **kwargs):
print("xx_callback")
print(sender,kwargs) xx.connect(callback)
# xx指上述导入的内容
from django.core.signals import request_finished
from django.dispatch import receiver @receiver(request_finished)
def my_callback(sender, **kwargs):
print("Request finished!")
2. 自定义信号
a. 定义信号
import django.dispatch
pizza_done = django.dispatch.Signal(providing_args=["toppings", "size"])
b. 注册信号
def callback(sender, **kwargs):
print("callback")
print(sender,kwargs) pizza_done.connect(callback)
c. 触发信号
from 路径 import pizza_done pizza_done.send(sender='Jonathan',toppings=123, size=456)
于内置信号的触发者已经集成到Django中，所以其会自动调用，而对于自定义信号则需要开发者在任意位置触发。
Middleware
待续
i18n
待续
Django settings
"""
更多信息参考：
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/topics/settings/
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/ref/settings/
"""
import os
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/howto/deployment/checklist/ # 对称加密中会用到
SECRET_KEY = ')rt1ka2wqqv%%#!+x9pezqkn!r#!3)+%cee1l4fz$0!s--*!#1' DEBUG = True # 开发者模式，生产环境时 DEBUG=False
ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['*'] # 访问主机，生产环境部署时需设置
APPEND_SLASH = True # url,自动补齐 / # 实现app可插拔
INSTALLED_APPS = [
# .......
'polls',
'bootstrap3',
] # 中间件配置，有顺序
MIDDLEWARE = [
'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
] ROOT_URLCONF = 'mysite.urls' # 根url # 前端模板配置
TEMPLATES = [
{
'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
# 'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.jinja2.Jinja2, # 搜索引擎配置
'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates')],
'APP_DIRS': True,
'OPTIONS': {
'context_processors': [
'django.template.context_processors.debug',
'django.template.context_processors.request',
'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
'context_processors.global_setting', # 自定义全局变量
],
},
},
] WSGI_APPLICATION = 'mysite.wsgi.application' # 设置数据库
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/ref/settings/#databases
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'),
}
} # 缓存
CACHES = {
'default': {
'BACKEND': 'django.core.cache.backends.db.DatabaseCache',
'LOCATION': 'my_cache_table', # 数据库表
}
} # Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators
AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
},
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
},
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
},
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
},
] # Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/topics/i18n/
LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'
TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'
USE_I18N = True
USE_L10N = True
USE_TZ = True # 邮箱配置
EMAIL_HOST = 'smtp.126.com'
EMAIL_PORT = 25
EMAIL_HOST_USER = '******'
EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD = '******'
# EMAIL_USE_SSL = True # if port is 587, set True
# EMAIL_USE_TLS = True # if port is 465, set True # 翻译文件路径
LOCALE_PATH = [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'locale')] # 数据库之类的初始数据
FIXTURE_DIRS = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'fixture') # 日志配置
LOGGING = {
'version':1,
'handlers':{
'null':{},
'console':{},
'file':{},
'ansible_logs':{},
},
} # 用户上传的静态文件
MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'mdia')
MEDIA_URL = '/media' # Auth
LOGIN_URL = '/account/login' # 设置默认登录页面
AUTH_USER_MODEL = 'auth.user' # 设置用户验证的库表
LOGIN_REDIRECT = '/' # 如果没有?next=，登录后的跳转网页
AUTHENTICATION_BACKENDS = ['django.contrib.auth.backends.ModelBackend'] # 如LDAP认证可重写ModelBacken；依次认证
LOGOUT_REDIRECT_URL = None # 登录出，重定向页面 # Sessions
SESSION_COOKIE_AGE = 1209600
SESSION_COOKIE_DOMAIN = None # session 只在当前域名下有效
SESSION_COOKIE_NAME = 'sessionid'
SESSION_COOKIE_PATH = '/' # 所有页面有效
SESSION_COOKIE_ENGINE = 'django.contib.sessions.backends.db'
SESSION_EXPIRE_AT_BROWSER_CLOSE = False # 默认浏览器关闭session不失效 # Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/howto/static-files/
# STATIC_ROOT = r'/www/example/com/staic'
STATIC_URL = '/static/'
STATICFILES_DIRS = [
os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static'),
]
