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12 Django组件-forms组件

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forms组件

校验字段功能

针对一个实例：注册用户讲解。

模型：models.py 

class UserInfo(models.Model):

    name=models.CharField(max_length=32)

    pwd=models.CharField(max_length=32)

    email=models.EmailField()

    tel=models.CharField(max_length=32)

模板: register.html: 

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

    <meta charset="UTF-8">

    <title>Title</title>

</head>

<body>

<form action="" method="post">

    {% csrf_token %}

    <div>

        <label for="user">用户名</label>

        <p><input type="text" name="name" id="name"></p>

    </div>

    <div>

        <label for="pwd">密码</label>

        <p><input type="password" name="pwd" id="pwd"></p>

    </div>

    <div>

        <label for="r_pwd">确认密码</label>

        <p><input type="password" name="r_pwd" id="r_pwd"></p>

    </div>

     <div>

        <label for="email">邮箱</label>

        <p><input type="text" name="email" id="email"></p>

    </div>

    <input type="submit">

</form>

</body>

</html>

视图函数：register 

# forms组件

from django.forms import widgets

wid_01=widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class":"form-control"})

wid_02=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={"class":"form-control"})

class UserForm(forms.Form):

    name=forms.CharField(max_length=32,

                         widget=wid_01

                         )

    pwd=forms.CharField(max_length=32,widget=wid_02)

    r_pwd=forms.CharField(max_length=32,widget=wid_02)

    email=forms.EmailField(widget=wid_01)

    tel=forms.CharField(max_length=32,widget=wid_01)

def register(request):

    if request.method=="POST":

        form=UserForm(request.POST)

        if form.is_valid():

            print(form.cleaned_data)       # 所有干净的字段以及对应的值

        else:

            print(form.cleaned_data)       #

            print(form.errors)             # ErrorDict : {"校验错误的字段":["错误信息",]}

            print(form.errors.get("name")) # ErrorList ["错误信息",]

        return HttpResponse("OK")

    form=UserForm()

    return render(request,"register.html",locals())

渲染标签功能

渲染方式1 

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

    <meta charset="UTF-8">

    <title>Title</title>

   <!-- 最新版本的 Bootstrap 核心 CSS 文件 -->

    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-BVYiiSIFeK1dGmJRAkycuHAHRg32OmUcww7on3RYdg4Va+PmSTsz/K68vbdEjh4u" crossorigin="anonymous">

</head>

<body>

<h3>注册页面</h3>

<div class="container">

    <div class="row">

        <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-offset-3">

                <form action="" method="post">

                    {% csrf_token %}

                    <div>

                        <label for="">用户名</label>

                        {{ form.name }}

                    </div>

                    <div>

                        <label for="">密码</label>

                        {{ form.pwd }}

                    </div>

                    <div>

                        <label for="">确认密码</label>

                        {{ form.r_pwd }}

                    </div>

                    <div>

                        <label for=""> 邮箱</label>

                        {{ form.email }}

                    </div>

                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-default pull-right">

                </form>

        </div>

    </div>

</div>

</body>

</html>

渲染方式2 

<form action="" method="post">

                    {% csrf_token %}

                    {% for field in form %}

                        <div>

                            <label for="">{{ field.label }}</label>

                            {{ field }}

                        </div>

                    {% endfor %}

                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-default pull-right">

</form>

渲染方式3 

<form action="" method="post">

    {% csrf_token %}

    {{ form.as_p }}

    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-default pull-right">

</form>

显示错误与重置输入信息功能

视图 

def register(request):

    if request.method=="POST":

        form=UserForm(request.POST)

        if form.is_valid():

            print(form.cleaned_data)       # 所有干净的字段以及对应的值

        else:

            print(form.cleaned_data)       #

            print(form.errors)             # ErrorDict : {"校验错误的字段":["错误信息",]}

            print(form.errors.get("name")) # ErrorList ["错误信息",]

        return render(request,"register.html",locals())

    form=UserForm()

    return render(request,"register.html",locals())

模板 

<form action="" method="post" novalidate>

    {% csrf_token %}

    {% for field in form %}

        <div>

            <label for="">{{ field.label }}</label>

            {{ field }} <span class="pull-right" style="color: red">{{ field.errors.0 }}</span>

        </div>

    {% endfor %}

    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-default">

</form>

局部钩子与全局钩子

模板 

# forms组件

from django.forms import widgets

wid_01=widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class":"form-control"})

wid_02=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={"class":"form-control"})

from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError

class UserForm(forms.Form):

    name=forms.CharField(max_length=32,

                         widget=wid_01

                         )

    pwd=forms.CharField(max_length=32,widget=wid_02)

    r_pwd=forms.CharField(max_length=32,widget=wid_02)

    email=forms.EmailField(widget=wid_01)

    tel=forms.CharField(max_length=32,widget=wid_01)

    # 局部钩子

    def clean_name(self):

        val=self.cleaned_data.get("name")

        if not val.isdigit():

            return val

        else:

            raise ValidationError("用户名不能是纯数字!")

    # 全局钩子

    def clean(self):

        pwd=self.cleaned_data.get("pwd")

        r_pwd=self.cleaned_data.get("r_pwd")

        if pwd==r_pwd:

            return self.cleaned_data

        else:

            raise ValidationError('两次密码不一致!')

def register(request):

    if request.method=="POST":

        form=UserForm(request.POST)

        if form.is_valid():

            print(form.cleaned_data)       # 所有干净的字段以及对应的值

        else:

            clean_error=form.errors.get("__all__")

        return render(request,"register.html",locals())

    form=UserForm()

    return render(request,"register.html",locals())

视图 

 <form action="" method="post" novalidate>

            {% csrf_token %}

            {% for field in form %}

                <div>

                    <label for="">{{ field.label }}</label>

                    {{ field }}

                    <span class="pull-right" style="color: red">

                          {% if field.label == 'R pwd' %}

                          <span>{{ clean_error.0 }}</span>

                          {% endif %}

                          {{ field.errors.0 }}

                    </span>

                </div>

            {% endfor %}

            <input type="submit" class="btn btn-default">

</form>

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