Python之路Day21-自定义分页和cookie

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本节知识点概要

1.URL

2.views

- 请求其他信息

- 装饰器

3.Templates

- 母版

- 自定义

4.Models操作

5.分页（自定义分页）

6.cookie

7.session

8.Form验证
- 缓存
- 中间件
- 信号
- CSRF
- Admin/ModelForm

上节内容回顾

1.请求周期

url> 路由 > 函数或类 > 返回字符串或者模板语言？

form表单提交

提交 -> url路由系统 > 函数或类中的方法

               　　- 执行其他操作，最终返回

               　　HttpResponse('....')

               　　render(request,'index.html')

               　　redirect('/index/')

                  返回字符串  >   > 返回给用户

(当接受到redirect时)自动发起另外一个请求

--> url   .....

Ajax请求

$.ajax({

    url: '/index/',

    data: {'k': 'v', 'list': [1,2,3,4], 'k3': JSON.stringfy({'k1': 'v'}))}, $(form对象).serilize()

    type: 'POST',

    dataType: 'JSON':

    traditional: true,

    success：function(d){

        location.reload()              # 刷新

        location.href = "某个地址"      # 跳转

    }

})

提交 -> url -> 函数或类中的方法

                HttpResponse('{}')

                render(request, 'index.html', {'name': 'v1'})

                <h1>{{ name }}</h1> -->

                <h1>v1</h1>

                XXXXXXX redirect...

用户    <<<<<  字符串

2.路由系统URL

a. /index/                               ->  函数或类

b. /index/(\d+)                          ->  函数或类

c. /index/(?P<nid>\d+)                   ->  函数或类

d. /index/(?P<nid>\d+) name='root'       ->  函数或类

            reverse()

            {% url 'root' 1%}

e. /crm/    include('app01.urls')        -> 路由分发

f. 默认值

    url(r'^index/', views.index, {'name': 'root'}),

            def index(request,name):

                print(name)

                return HttpResponse('OK')

g. 命名空间

　　　　　　 /admin/    include('app01.urls',namespace='m1')

            /crm/      include('app01.urls',namespace='m1')

            
　　　　　　　　app01.urls

            /index/    name = 'n1'

            reverser('m1:n1')

3.viwes

def func(request):

    request.POST

    request.GET

    request.FILES

    request.getlist

    request.method

    request.path_info

    return render,HttpResponse,redirect

4.模板引擎

render(request, 'index.html')

# for

# if

# 索引.   keys  values items    all

5.medels

单表
class User(models.Model):

    username = models.CharField(max_length=32)

    email = models.EmailField()

有验证功能

    Django Admin

无验证功能：

    User.objects.create(username='root',email='asdfasdfasdfasdf')

    User.objects.filter(id=1).update(email='')


多表：
创建数据库结构

class UserType(models.Model):

    name = models.CharField(max_length=32)

class User(models.Model):

    username = models.CharField(max_length=32)

    email = models.EmailField()

    user_type = models.ForeignKey("UserType")


跨表操作：

user_list = User.objects.all()

for obj user_list:

    obj.username,obj.email,obj.user_type_id,obj.user_type.name,obj.user_type.id

//获取单个列表

user = User.objects.get(id=1)

user.


//获取指定列内容

User.objects.all().values("username","user_type__name",)

多对多

class UserType(models.Model):

    name = models.CharField(max_length=32)

class User(models.Model):

    username = models.CharField(max_length=32)

    email = models.EmailField()

    user_type = models.ForeignKey("UserType")

    m = models.ManyToMany('UserGroup')

class UserGroup(models.Model):

    name = ....

操作：

obj = User.objects.get(id=1)

obj.m.add(2)

obj.m.add(2,3)

obj.m.add(*[1,2,3])

obj.m.remove(...)

obj.m.clear()

obj.m.set([1,2,3,4,5])

# 多个组，UserGroup对象

obj.m.all()

obj.m.filter(name='CTO')

一、views 请求的其他信息

    from django.core.handlers.wsgi import WSGIRequest

    print(type(request))

    print(request.environ)

    for k,v in request.environ.items():

        print(k,v)

    print(request.environ['HTTP_USER_AGENT'])

装饰器

FBV

def auth(func):

    def inner(reqeust,*args,**kwargs):

        v = reqeust.COOKIES.get('username111')

        if not v:

            return redirect('/login/')

        return func(reqeust, *args,**kwargs)

    return inner

CBV

from django import views

from django.utils.decorators import method_decorator

@method_decorator(auth,name='dispatch')

class Order(views.View):

    # @method_decorator(auth)

    # def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):

    #     return super(Order,self).dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)

    # @method_decorator(auth)

    def get(self,reqeust):

        v = reqeust.COOKIES.get('username111')

        return render(reqeust,'index.html',{'current_user': v})

    def post(self,reqeust):

        v = reqeust.COOKIES.get('username111')

        return render(reqeust,'index.html',{'current_user': v})

二、templates

模板继承

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

    <meta charset="UTF-8">

    <title>{% block title %} {% endblock %}</title>

    <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/commons.css">

    <style>

        .pg-header{

            height: 48px;

            background-color: #1F78A4;

            color: white;

            font-size: 22px;

            line-height: 48px;

        }

    </style>

    {% block css %} {% endblock %}

</head>

<body>

    <div class="pg-header">管理系统</div>

    {% block content %} {% endblock %}

    <script src="/static/jquery.js"></script>

     {% block js %} {% endblock %}

</body>

</html>

master.html

{% extends 'master.html' %}  //指定继承模板

{% block title %}用户管理{% endblock %}

{% block content %}

        <h1>用户管理</h1>

        <ul>

            {% for i in u %}

                 <li>{{ i }}</li>

            {% endfor %}

        </ul>

    {% for i in u %}

    {% include 'tag.html' %}

    {% endfor %}

{% endblock %}

{% block css %}

    <style>

         body{

             background-color: transparent;

         }

    </style>

{% endblock %}

  {% block js %}

      <script>

      </script>

{% endblock %}

1、模版的执行

模版的创建过程，对于模版，其实就是读取模版（其中嵌套着模版标签），然后将 Model 中获取的数据插入到模版中，最后将信息返回给用户。

def current_datetime(request):

    now = datetime.datetime.now()

    html = "<html><body>It is now %s.</body></html>" % now

    return HttpResponse(html)

from django import template

t = template.Template('My name is {{ name }}.')

c = template.Context({'name': 'Adrian'})

print t.render(c)

import datetime

from django import template

import DjangoDemo.settings

now = datetime.datetime.now()

fp = open(settings.BASE_DIR+'/templates/Home/Index.html')

t = template.Template(fp.read())

fp.close()

html = t.render(template.Context({'current_date': now}))

return HttpResponse(html

from django.template.loader import get_template

from django.template import Context

from django.http import HttpResponse

import datetime

def current_datetime(request):

    now = datetime.datetime.now()

    t = get_template('current_datetime.html')

    html = t.render(Context({'current_date': now}))

    return HttpResponse(html)

return render_to_response('Account/Login.html',data,context_instance=RequestContext(request))

2、模版语言

模板中也有自己的语言，该语言可以实现数据展示

{{ item }}
{% for item in item_list %} <a>{{ item }}</a> {% endfor %}
forloop.counter
forloop.first
forloop.last
{% if ordered_warranty %} {% else %} {% endif %}
母板：{% block title %}{% endblock %}
子板：{% extends "base.html" %}
{% block title %}{% endblock %}
帮助方法：
{{ item.event_start|date:"Y-m-d H:i:s"}}
{{ bio|truncatewords:"30" }}
{{ my_list|first|upper }}
{{ name|lower }}

3、自定义simple_tag

a、在app中创建templatetags模块

b、创建任意 .py 文件，如：xx.py

#!/usr/bin/env python

#coding:utf-8

from django import template

from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe

register = template.Library()

@register.simple_tag

def my_simple_time(v1,v2,v3):

    return  v1 + v2 + v3

@register.simple_tag

def my_input(id,arg):

    result = "<input type='text' id='%s' class='%s' />" %(id,arg,)

    return mark_safe(result)

c、在使用自定义simple_tag的html文件中导入之前创建的 xx.py 文件名

{% load xx %}

d、使用simple_tag

{% my_simple_time 1 2 3%}

{% my_input 'id_username' 'hide'%}

e、在settings中配置当前app，不然django无法找到自定义的simple_tag

INSTALLED_APPS = (

    'django.contrib.admin',

    'django.contrib.auth',

    'django.contrib.contenttypes',

    'django.contrib.sessions',

    'django.contrib.messages',

    'django.contrib.staticfiles',

    'app01',

)

缺点：不能作为if条件

优点：参数任意

更多见文档：https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/ref/templates/language/

4、自定义filter

a. app下创建templatetags目录
b. 任意xxoo.py文件
c. 创建template对象 register
d.

@register.filter

def func(a1,a2)

return "asdfasd"

e. settings中注册APP
f. 顶部 {% load xxoo %}
g. {{ 参数1|函数名:"参数二，参数三" }} {{ 参数1|函数名:数字 }}

缺点：最多两个参数，不能加空格
优点：能作为if条件

三、分页

前端设置为安全

{{page_str|safe }}

后端设置为安全

    from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe

    page_str="""

            <a href="/user_list/?p=1">1</a>

            <a href="/user_list/?p=2">2</a>

            <a href="/user_list/?p=3">3</a>

    """

    page_str=mark_safe(page_str)

范例：

__author__ = 'Administrator'

from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe

class Page:

    def __init__(self, current_page, data_count, per_page_count=10, pager_num=7):

        self.current_page = current_page

        self.data_count = data_count

        self.per_page_count = per_page_count

        self.pager_num = pager_num

    @property

    def start(self):

        return (self.current_page - 1) * self.per_page_count

    @property

    def end(self):

        return self.current_page * self.per_page_count

    @property

    def total_count(self):

        v, y = divmod(self.data_count, self.per_page_count)

        if y:

            v += 1

        return v

    def page_str(self, base_url):

        page_list = []

        if self.total_count < self.pager_num:

            start_index = 1

            end_index = self.total_count + 1

        else:

            if self.current_page <= (self.pager_num + 1) / 2:

                start_index = 1

                end_index = self.pager_num + 1

            else:

                start_index = self.current_page - (self.pager_num - 1) / 2

                end_index = self.current_page + (self.pager_num + 1) / 2

                if (self.current_page + (self.pager_num - 1) / 2) > self.total_count:

                    end_index = self.total_count + 1

                    start_index = self.total_count - self.pager_num + 1

        if self.current_page == 1:

            prev = '<a class="page" href="javascript:void(0);">上一页</a>'

        else:

            prev = '<a class="page" href="%s?p=%s">上一页</a>' % (base_url, self.current_page - 1,)

        page_list.append(prev)

        for i in range(int(start_index), int(end_index)):

            if i == self.current_page:

                temp = '<a class="page active" href="%s?p=%s">%s</a>' % (base_url, i, i)

            else:

                temp = '<a class="page" href="%s?p=%s">%s</a>' % (base_url, i, i)

            page_list.append(temp)

        if self.current_page == self.total_count:

            nex = '<a class="page" href="javascript:void(0);">下一页</a>'

        else:

            nex = '<a class="page" href="%s?p=%s">下一页</a>' % (base_url, self.current_page + 1,)

        page_list.append(nex)

        jump = """

        <input type='text'  /><a onclick='jumpTo(this, "%s?p=");'>GO</a>

        <script>

            function jumpTo(ths,base){

                var val = ths.previousSibling.value;

                location.href = base + val;

            }

        </script>

        """ % (base_url,)

        page_list.append(jump)

        page_str = mark_safe("".join(page_list))

        return page_str

from utils import pagination

LIST=[]

for i in range(509):

    LIST.append(i)

def user_list(request):

    current_page = request.GET.get('p', 1)

    current_page = int(current_page)

    page_obj=pagination.Page(current_page,len(LIST),)

    data=LIST[page_obj.start:page_obj.end]

    page_str=page_obj.page_str("/user_list/")

    return  render(request,'user_list.html',{'li':data,'page_str':page_str})

View

四、cookie和session

相当于浏览器上的一个文件

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

    <meta charset="UTF-8">

    <title></title>

</head>

<body>

    <form action="/login/" method="POST">

        <input type="text" name="username" placeholder="用户名" />

        <input type="password" name="pwd" placeholder="密码" />

        <input type="submit" />

    </form>

</body>

</html>

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

    <meta charset="UTF-8">

    <title></title>

</head>

<body>

    <h1>欢迎登录：{{ current_user }}</h1>

</body>

</html>

index

1、获取Cookie：

request.COOKIES['key']

request.get_signed_cookie(key, default=RAISE_ERROR, salt='', max_age=None)

    参数：

        default: 默认值

           salt: 加密盐

        max_age: 后台控制过期时间

2、设置Cookie：

rep = HttpResponse(...) 或 rep ＝ render(request, ...)

rep.set_cookie(key,value,...)

rep.set_signed_cookie(key,value,salt='加密盐',...)

    参数：

        key,              键

        value='',         值

        max_age=None,     超时时间

        expires=None,     超时时间(IE requires expires, so set it if hasn't been already.)

        path='/',         Cookie生效的路径，/ 表示根路径，特殊的：跟路径的cookie可以被任何url的页面访问

        domain=None,      Cookie生效的域名

        secure=False,     https传输

        httponly=False    只能http协议传输，无法被JavaScript获取（不是绝对，底层抓包可以获取到也可以被覆盖）

由于cookie保存在客户端的电脑上，所以，JavaScript和jquery也可以操作cookie。

<script src='/static/js/jquery.cookie.js'></script>

$.cookie("list_pager_num", 30,{ path: '/' });

Session

...

正文

本节知识点概要

上节内容回顾

三、分页

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