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Django--自定义用户认证

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09/24
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Django自带的用户认证

以前都是用Django自带的用户认证，用户名字段一对一关系对应Django--User表（其实它也是继承了abstractbaseuser）。

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from django.contrib.auth.models import User
class UserInfo(models.Model):
    username = models.OneToOneField(User)

为什么使用要自定义用户认证？

原生的Django--User认证只有用户名和密码字段，自定义用户认证可以根据项目的需求定制化和扩展认证系统。

比如把唯一标识改成email，或加入用户组等等。

官方说明

官方文档：

https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/topics/auth/customizing/#django.contrib.auth.models.PermissionsMixin.has_perms

Specifying a custom User model（指定自定义用户模型）

使用Django自定义用户模型必须满足：

  1. 模型必须有一个唯一的字段，可用于识别目的。

  2. 用户给定名称为“短”的标识，用户的全名为“长”标识符。他们可以返回完全相同的值。

构建一个符合用户自定义模型的最简单的方法是继承abstractbaseuser类。abstractbaseuser提供一个用户模型的核心实现，包括密码和符号密码重置。Django自带用用户认证User也是继承了它。一些关键的实现细节：

class models.CustomUser

USERNAME_FIELD

必须有一个唯一标识--USERNAME_FIELD

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class MyUser(AbstractBaseUser):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=40, unique=True)
    ...
    USERNAME_FIELD = 'name'


REQUIRED_FIELDS

创建superuser时的必须字段

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class MyUser(AbstractBaseUser):
    ...
    date_of_birth = models.DateField()
    height = models.FloatField()
    ...
    REQUIRED_FIELDS = ['date_of_birth', 'height']


abstractbaseuser提供的方法

is_active(),is_authenticated()......


自定义models（略）


settings中添加models文件名

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AUTH_USER_MODEL = 'app.MyUser(类名)'   

Django会去models中找这个类，所以要在原生的models.py中导入这个类。


代码实现

asset\user_models.py

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#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
 
from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import (
    BaseUserManager, AbstractBaseUser
)
 
 
class UserProfileManager(BaseUserManager):
    def create_user(self, email, name, password=None):
        """
        Creates and saves a User with the given email, name and password.
        """
        '''email是唯一标识，没有会报错'''
        if not email:
            raise ValueError('Users must have an email address')
 
        user = self.model(
            email=self.normalize_email(email),
            name=name,
        )
 
        user.set_password(password) #检测密码合理性
        user.save(using=self._db)   #保存密码
        return user
 
    def create_superuser(self, email, name, password):
        """
        Creates and saves a superuser with the given email, name and password.
        """
        user = self.create_user(email,
            password=password,
            name=name
        )
        user.is_admin = True    #比创建用户多的一个字段
        user.save(using=self._db)
        return user
 
 
class UserProfile(AbstractBaseUser):
    email = models.EmailField(
        verbose_name='email address',
        max_length=255,
        unique=True,
    )
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    is_active = models.BooleanField(default=True)
    is_admin = models.BooleanField(default=False)
 
    objects = UserProfileManager()    #创建用户
 
    USERNAME_FIELD = 'email'
    REQUIRED_FIELDS = ['name']
 
    def get_full_name(self):
        # The user is identified by their email address
        return self.email
 
    def get_short_name(self):
        # The user is identified by their email address
        return self.email
 
    def __str__(self):              # __unicode__ on Python 2
        return self.email
 
    '''django自带后台权限控制，对哪些表有查看权限等'''
    def has_perm(self, perm, obj=None):
        "Does the user have a specific permission?"
        # Simplest possible answer: Yes, always
        return True
 
    '''用户是否有权限看到app'''
    def has_module_perms(self, app_label):
        "Does the user have permissions to view the app `app_label`?"
        # Simplest possible answer: Yes, always
        return True
 
    @property
    def is_staff(self):
        "Is the user a member of staff?"
        # Simplest possible answer: All admins are staff
        return self.is_admin

asset\models.py

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from asset.user_models import UserProfile

myCMDB\settings.py

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AUTH_USER_MODEL = 'asset.UserProfile'

asset\admin.py

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from asset import models
admin.site.register(models.UserProfile)

初始化数据库，登录后台。此时密码是明文显示，如果想改密码怎么办？

这时，需要自定义admin显示(官方都提供了)。

asset\admin.py

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from user_admin import UserAdmin
admin.site.register(models.UserProfile,UserAdmin)

asset\user_admin.py

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#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
 
from django import forms
from django.contrib import admin
from django.contrib.auth.models import Group
from django.contrib.auth.admin import UserAdmin as BaseUserAdmin
from django.contrib.auth.forms import ReadOnlyPasswordHashField
 
from asset.models import UserProfile
 
 
class UserCreationForm(forms.ModelForm):
    """A form for creating new users. Includes all the required
    fields, plus a repeated password."""
    password1 = forms.CharField(label='Password', widget=forms.PasswordInput)
    password2 = forms.CharField(label='Password confirmation', widget=forms.PasswordInput)
 
    class Meta:
        model = UserProfile
        fields = ('email', 'name')
 
    def clean_password2(self):
        # Check that the two password entries match
        password1 = self.cleaned_data.get("password1")
        password2 = self.cleaned_data.get("password2")
        if password1 and password2 and password1 != password2:
            raise forms.ValidationError("Passwords don't match")
        return password2
 
    def save(self, commit=True):
        # Save the provided password in hashed format
        user = super(UserCreationForm, self).save(commit=False)
        user.set_password(self.cleaned_data["password1"])
        if commit:
            user.save()
        return user
 
 
class UserChangeForm(forms.ModelForm):
    """A form for updating users. Includes all the fields on
    the user, but replaces the password field with admin's
    password hash display field.
    """
    password = ReadOnlyPasswordHashField()
 
    class Meta:
        model = UserProfile
        fields = ('email', 'password', 'name', 'is_active', 'is_admin')
 
    def clean_password(self):
        # Regardless of what the user provides, return the initial value.
        # This is done here, rather than on the field, because the
        # field does not have access to the initial value
        return self.initial["password"]
 
 
class UserAdmin(BaseUserAdmin):
    # 以前是ModelAdmin
    # The forms to add and change user instances
    form = UserChangeForm
    add_form = UserCreationForm
 
    # The fields to be used in displaying the User model.
    # These override the definitions on the base UserAdmin
    # that reference specific fields on auth.User.
    list_display = ('email', 'name', 'is_admin')    #这个和以前一样，显示什么
    list_filter = ('is_admin',)
    fieldsets = (
        (None, {'fields': ('email', 'password')}),
        ('Personal info', {'fields': ('name',)}),
        ('Permissions', {'fields': ('is_admin',)}),
    )
    # add_fieldsets is not a standard ModelAdmin attribute. UserAdmin
    # overrides get_fieldsets to use this attribute when creating a user.
    add_fieldsets = (
        (None, {
            'classes': ('wide',),
            'fields': ('email', 'name', 'password1', 'password2')}
        ),
    )
    search_fields = ('email',)
    ordering = ('email',)
    filter_horizontal = ()
 
# Now register the new UserAdmin...
#admin.site.register(UserProfile, UserAdmin)
# ... and, since we're not using Django's built-in permissions,
# unregister the Group model from admin.
admin.site.unregister(Group)    #不显示系统自带的group

后台效果

编辑用户：

更改密码：

没有Group：​

来自为知笔记(Wiz)