Django-website 程序案例系列-17 forms表单验证的字段解释

Field
required=True, 是否允许为空
widget=None, HTML插件
label=None, 用于生成Label标签或显示内容
initial=None, 初始值
help_text='', 帮助信息(在标签旁边显示)
error_messages=None, 错误信息 {'required': '不能为空', 'invalid': '格式错误'}
show_hidden_initial=False, 是否在当前插件后面再加一个隐藏的且具有默认值的插件（可用于检验两次输入是否一直）
validators=[], 自定义验证规则（自定义正则表达式验证）
localize=False, 是否支持本地化
disabled=False, 是否可以编辑
label_suffix=None Label内容后缀CharField(Field) # 继承了Field类，可以使用以上field支持的字段
max_length=None, 最大长度
min_length=None, 最小长度
strip=True 是否移除用户输入空白IntegerField(Field)
max_value=None, 最大值
min_value=None, 最小值FloatField(IntegerField)
...DecimalField(IntegerField)
max_value=None, 最大值
min_value=None, 最小值
max_digits=None, 总长度
decimal_places=None, 小数位长度BaseTemporalField(Field)
input_formats=None 时间格式化 DateField(BaseTemporalField) 格式：2015-09-01
TimeField(BaseTemporalField) 格式：11:12
DateTimeField(BaseTemporalField)格式：2015-09-01 11:12DurationField(Field) 时间间隔：%d %H:%M:%S.%f
...RegexField(CharField)
regex, 自定制正则表达式
max_length=None, 最大长度
min_length=None, 最小长度
error_message=None, 忽略，错误信息使用 error_messages={'invalid': '...'}EmailField(CharField)
...FileField(Field)
allow_empty_file=False 是否允许空文件ImageField(FileField)
...
注：需要PIL模块，pip3 install Pillow
以上两个字典使用时，需要注意两点：
- form表单中 enctype="multipart/form-data"
- view函数中 obj = MyForm(request.POST, request.FILES)URLField(Field)
...BooleanField(Field)
...NullBooleanField(BooleanField)
...ChoiceField(Field)
...
choices=(), 选项，如：choices = ((0,'上海'),(1,'北京'),)
required=True, 是否必填
widget=None, 插件，默认select插件
label=None, Label内容
initial=None, 初始值
help_text='', 帮助提示ModelChoiceField(ChoiceField)
... django.forms.models.ModelChoiceField
queryset, # 查询数据库中的数据
empty_label="---------", # 默认空显示内容
to_field_name=None, # HTML中value的值对应的字段
limit_choices_to=None # ModelForm中对queryset二次筛选ModelMultipleChoiceField(ModelChoiceField)
... django.forms.models.ModelMultipleChoiceFieldTypedChoiceField(ChoiceField)
coerce = lambda val: val 对选中的值进行一次转换
empty_value= '' 空值的默认值MultipleChoiceField(ChoiceField)
...TypedMultipleChoiceField(MultipleChoiceField)
coerce = lambda val: val 对选中的每一个值进行一次转换
empty_value= '' 空值的默认值ComboField(Field)
fields=() 使用多个验证，如下：即验证最大长度20，又验证邮箱格式
fields.ComboField(fields=[fields.CharField(max_length=20), fields.EmailField(),])MultiValueField(Field)
PS: 抽象类，子类中可以实现聚合多个字典去匹配一个值，要配合MultiWidget使用SplitDateTimeField(MultiValueField)
input_date_formats=None, 格式列表：['%Y--%m--%d', '%m%d/%Y', '%m/%d/%y']
input_time_formats=None 格式列表：['%H:%M:%S', '%H:%M:%S.%f', '%H:%M']FilePathField(ChoiceField) 文件选项，目录下文件显示在页面中
path, 文件夹路径
match=None, 正则匹配
recursive=False, 递归下面的文件夹
allow_files=True, 允许文件
allow_folders=False, 允许文件夹
required=True,
widget=None,
label=None,
initial=None,
help_text=''GenericIPAddressField
protocol='both', both,ipv4,ipv6支持的IP格式
unpack_ipv4=False 解析ipv4地址，如果是::ffff:192.0.2.1时候，可解析为192.0.2.1， PS：protocol必须为both才能启用SlugField(CharField) 数字，字母，下划线，减号（连字符）
...UUIDField(CharField) uuid类型
...

>>> import uuid # make a UUID based on the host ID and current time
>>> uuid.uuid1() # doctest: +SKIP
UUID('a8098c1a-f86e-11da-bd1a-00112444be1e') # make a UUID using an MD5 hash of a namespace UUID and a name
>>> uuid.uuid3(uuid.NAMESPACE_DNS, 'python.org')
UUID('6fa459ea-ee8a-3ca4-894e-db77e160355e') # make a random UUID
>>> uuid.uuid4() # doctest: +SKIP
UUID('16fd2706-8baf-433b-82eb-8c7fada847da') # make a UUID using a SHA-1 hash of a namespace UUID and a name
>>> uuid.uuid5(uuid.NAMESPACE_DNS, 'python.org')
UUID('886313e1-3b8a-5372-9b90-0c9aee199e5d') # make a UUID from a string of hex digits (braces and hyphens ignored)
>>> x = uuid.UUID('{00010203-0405-0607-0809-0a0b0c0d0e0f}') # convert a UUID to a string of hex digits in standard form
>>> str(x)
'00010203-0405-0607-0809-0a0b0c0d0e0f' # get the raw 16 bytes of the UUID
>>> x.bytes
b'\x00\x01\x02\x03\x04\x05\x06\x07\x08\t\n\x0b\x0c\r\x0e\x0f' # make a UUID from a 16-byte string
>>> uuid.UUID(bytes=x.bytes)
UUID('00010203-0405-0607-0809-0a0b0c0d0e0f')

# 单radio，值为字符串
# user = fields.CharField(
# initial=2,
# widget=widgets.RadioSelect(choices=((1,'上海'),(2,'北京'),))
# )# 单radio，值为字符串
# user = fields.ChoiceField(
# choices=((1, '上海'), (2, '北京'),),
# initial=2,
# widget=widgets.RadioSelect
# )# 单select，值为字符串
# user = fields.CharField(
# initial=2,
# widget=widgets.Select(choices=((1,'上海'),(2,'北京'),))
# )# 单select，值为字符串
# user = fields.ChoiceField(
# choices=((1, '上海'), (2, '北京'),),
# initial=2,
# widget=widgets.Select
# )# 多选select，值为列表
# user = fields.MultipleChoiceField(
# choices=((1,'上海'),(2,'北京'),),
# initial=[1,],
# widget=widgets.SelectMultiple
# )# 单checkbox
# user = fields.CharField(
# widget=widgets.CheckboxInput()
# )# 多选checkbox,值为列表
# user = fields.MultipleChoiceField(
# initial=[2, ],
# choices=((1, '上海'), (2, '北京'),),
# widget=widgets.CheckboxSelectMultiple
# )

from django.forms import Form
from django.forms import widgets
from django.forms import fields
from django.core.validators import RegexValidatorclass MyForm(Form): user = fields.ChoiceField(
# choices=((1, '上海'), (2, '北京'),),
initial=2,
widget=widgets.Select
) def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
super(MyForm,self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
# self.fields['user'].widget.choices = ((1, '上海'), (2, '北京'),)
# 或
self.fields['user'].widget.choices = models.Classes.objects.all().value_list('id','caption')

from django import forms
from django.forms import fields
from django.forms import widgets
from django.forms import models as form_model
from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError
from django.core.validators import RegexValidatorclass FInfo(forms.Form):
authors = form_model.ModelMultipleChoiceField(queryset=models.NNewType.objects.all())
# authors = form_model.ModelChoiceField(queryset=models.NNewType.objects.all())使用django提供的ModelChoiceField和ModelMultipleChoiceField字段来实现

第一种：
from django.forms import Form
from django.forms import widgets
from django.forms import fields
from django.core.validators import RegexValidatorclass MyForm(Form):
user = fields.CharField(
validators=[RegexValidator(r'^[0-9]+$', '请输入数字'), RegexValidator(r'^159[0-9]+$', '数字必须以159开头')],
)第二种：
import re
from django.forms import Form
from django.forms import widgets
from django.forms import fields
from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError# 自定义验证规则
def mobile_validate(value):
mobile_re = re.compile(r'^(13[0-9]|15[012356789]|17[678]|18[0-9]|14[57])[0-9]{8}$')
if not mobile_re.match(value):
raise ValidationError('手机号码格式错误')class PublishForm(Form): title = fields.CharField(max_length=20,
min_length=5,
error_messages={'required': '标题不能为空',
'min_length': '标题最少为5个字符',
'max_length': '标题最多为20个字符'},
widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class': "form-control",
'placeholder': '标题5-20个字符'})) # 使用自定义验证规则
phone = fields.CharField(validators=[mobile_validate, ],
error_messages={'required': '手机不能为空'},
widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class': "form-control",
'placeholder': u'手机号码'})) email = fields.EmailField(required=False,
error_messages={'required': u'邮箱不能为空','invalid': u'邮箱格式错误'},
widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class': "form-control", 'placeholder': u'邮箱'}))第三种：自定义方法
from django import forms
from django.forms import fields
from django.forms import widgets
from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError
from django.core.validators import RegexValidator class FInfo(forms.Form):
username = fields.CharField(max_length=5,
validators=[RegexValidator(r'^[0-9]+$', 'Enter a valid extension.', 'invalid')], )
email = fields.EmailField() def clean_username(self):
"""
Form中字段中定义的格式匹配完之后，执行此方法进行验证
:return:
"""
value = self.cleaned_data['username']
if "666" in value:
raise ValidationError('666已经被玩烂了...', 'invalid')
return value第四种：同时生成多个标签进行验证
from django.forms import Form
from django.forms import widgets
from django.forms import fieldsfrom django.core.validators import RegexValidator############## 自定义字段 ##############
class PhoneField(fields.MultiValueField):
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
# Define one message for all fields.
error_messages = {
'incomplete': 'Enter a country calling code and a phone number.',
}
# Or define a different message for each field.
f = (
fields.CharField(
error_messages={'incomplete': 'Enter a country calling code.'},
validators=[
RegexValidator(r'^[0-9]+$', 'Enter a valid country calling code.'),
],
),
fields.CharField(
error_messages={'incomplete': 'Enter a phone number.'},
validators=[RegexValidator(r'^[0-9]+$', 'Enter a valid phone number.')],
),
fields.CharField(
validators=[RegexValidator(r'^[0-9]+$', 'Enter a valid extension.')],
required=False,
),
)
super(PhoneField, self).__init__(error_messages=error_messages, fields=f, require_all_fields=False, *args,
**kwargs) def compress(self, data_list):
"""
当用户验证都通过后，该值返回给用户
:param data_list:
:return:
"""
return data_list############## 自定义插件 ##############
class SplitPhoneWidget(widgets.MultiWidget):
def __init__(self):
ws = (
widgets.TextInput(),
widgets.TextInput(),
widgets.TextInput(),
)
super(SplitPhoneWidget, self).__init__(ws) def decompress(self, value):
"""
处理初始值，当初始值initial不是列表时，调用该方法
:param value:
:return:
"""
if value:
return value.split(',')
return [None, None, None]

from django.forms import Form
from django.forms import widgets
from django.forms import fields
from django.core.validators import RegexValidatorclass MyForm(Form):
user = fields.CharField() city = fields.ChoiceField(
choices=((1, '上海'), (2, '北京'),),
widget=widgets.Select
)

from django.shortcuts import render, redirect
from .forms import MyFormdef index(request):
if request.method == "GET":
values = {'user': 'root', 'city': 2}
obj = MyForm(values) return render(request, 'index.html', {'form': obj})
elif request.method == "POST":
return redirect('http://www.google.com')
else:
return redirect('http://www.google.com')

<form method="POST" enctype="multipart/form-data">
{% csrf_token %}
<p>{{ form.user }} {{ form.user.errors }}</p>
<p>{{ form.city }} {{ form.city.errors }}</p> <input type="submit"/>
</form>