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个人总结OLinux上安装oracle11G Data Guard

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一、准备环境

1、swap要求

swap最好设置3G以上，如果安装过程中报swap不足，可参考：
https://www.jianshu.com/p/46635a12c8d0

2、官网必须安装包列表：

binutils-2.20.51.0.-5.11.el6 (x86_64)
compat-libcap1-1.10- (x86_64)
compat-libstdc++--3.2.-.el6 (x86_64)
compat-libstdc++--3.2.-.el6.i686
gcc-4.4.-.el6 (x86_64)
gcc-c++-4.4.-.el6 (x86_64)
glibc-2.12-1.7.el6 (i686)
glibc-2.12-1.7.el6 (x86_64)
glibc-devel-2.12-1.7.el6 (x86_64)
glibc-devel-2.12-1.7.el6.i686
ksh
libgcc-4.4.-.el6 (i686)
libgcc-4.4.-.el6 (x86_64)
libstdc++-4.4.-.el6 (x86_64)
libstdc++-4.4.-.el6.i686
libstdc++-devel-4.4.-.el6 (x86_64)
libstdc++-devel-4.4.-.el6.i686
libaio-0.3.-.el6 (x86_64)
libaio-0.3.-.el6.i686
libaio-devel-0.3.-.el6 (x86_64)
libaio-devel-0.3.-.el6.i686
make-3.81-.el6
sysstat-9.0.-.el6 (x86_64)

Centos6

binutils-2.23.52.0.-.el7.x86_64
compat-libcap1-1.10-.el7.x86_64
compat-libstdc++--3.2.-.el7.i686
compat-libstdc++--3.2.-.el7.x86_64
gcc-4.8.-.el7.x86_64
gcc-c++-4.8.-.el7.x86_64
glibc-2.17-.el7.i686
glibc-2.17-.el7.x86_64
glibc-devel-2.17-.el7.i686
glibc-devel-2.17-.el7.x86_64
ksh
libaio-0.3.-.el7.i686
libaio-0.3.-.el7.x86_64
libaio-devel-0.3.-.el7.i686
libaio-devel-0.3.-.el7.x86_64
libgcc-4.8.-.el7.i686
libgcc-4.8.-.el7.x86_64
libstdc++-4.8.-.el7.i686
libstdc++-4.8.-.el7.x86_64
libstdc++-devel-4.8.-.el7.i686
libstdc++-devel-4.8.-.el7.x86_64
libXi-1.7.-.el7.i686
libXi-1.7.-.el7.x86_64
libXtst-1.2.-.el7.i686
libXtst-1.2.-.el7.x86_64
make-3.82-.el7.x86_64
sysstat-10.1.-.el7.x86_64

centos7

详细信息参考官网：

https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/install.112/e47689/pre_install.htm#BABCFJFG

本例子采用Oracle Linux自带的预装包实现：

详细参考：

https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/install.112/e47689/pre_install.htm#LADBI10912.1. Installing the Oracle Preinstallation RPM or Oracle Validated RPM with ULN Support

操作系统安装后，使用oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall包准备环境

https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/install.112/e47689/pre_install.htm#LADBI1091Start a terminal session and enter the following command as root, depending on your platform.Oracle Linux :# yum install oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall
Oracle Linux or Oracle Linux :# yum install oracle-validated
You should see output indicating that you have subscribed to the Oracle Linux channel, and that packages are being installed. For example:el5_u6_i386_base
el5_u6_x86_64_patch
Oracle Linux automatically creates a standard (not role-allocated) Oracle installation owner and groups, and sets up other kernel configuration settings as required for Oracle installations.

预装包说明

选择对应6.5的版本，使enable=1

[root@Oracle-A ~]# vi /etc/yum
yum/ yum.conf yum.repos.d/ [root@Oracle-A ~]# vi /etc/yum.repos.d/public-yum-ol6.repo
[public_ol6_latest]
name=Oracle Linux $releasever Latest ($basearch)
baseurl=http://public-yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL6/latest/$basearch/
gpgkey=http://public-yum.oracle.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle-ol6
gpgcheck=
enabled=[public_ol6_ga_base]
name=Oracle Linux $releasever GA installation media copy ($basearch)
baseurl=http://public-yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL6/0/base/$basearch/
gpgkey=http://public-yum.oracle.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle-ol6
gpgcheck=
enabled=[public_ol6_u1_base]
name=Oracle Linux $releasever Update installation media copy ($basearch)
baseurl=http://public-yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL6/1/base/$basearch/
gpgkey=http://public-yum.oracle.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle-ol6
gpgcheck=
enabled=[public_ol6_u2_base]
name=Oracle Linux $releasever Update installation media copy ($basearch)
baseurl=http://public-yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL6/2/base/$basearch/
gpgkey=http://public-yum.oracle.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle-ol6
gpgcheck=
enabled=[public_ol6_u3_base]
name=Oracle Linux $releasever Update installation media copy ($basearch)
baseurl=http://public-yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL6/3/base/$basearch/
gpgkey=http://public-yum.oracle.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle-ol6
gpgcheck=
enabled=[public_ol6_u4_base]
name=Oracle Linux $releasever Update installation media copy ($basearch)
baseurl=http://public-yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL6/4/base/$basearch/
gpgkey=http://public-yum.oracle.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle-ol6
gpgcheck=
enabled=[public_ol6_u5_base]
name=Oracle Linux $releasever Update installation media copy ($basearch)
baseurl=http://public-yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL6/5/base/$basearch/
gpgkey=http://public-yum.oracle.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle-ol6
gpgcheck=
enabled=[public_ol6_UEK_latest]
name=Latest Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel for Oracle Linux $releasever ($basearch)
baseurl=http://public-yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL6/UEK/latest/$basearch/
gpgkey=http://public-yum.oracle.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle-ol6
gpgcheck=
enabled=$uek[public_ol6_UEKR3_latest]
name=Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel Release for Oracle Linux $releasever ($basearch)
baseurl=http://public-yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL6/UEKR3/latest/$basearch/
gpgkey=http://public-yum.oracle.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle-ol6
gpgcheck=
enabled=$uekr3[public_ol6_UEK_base]
name=Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel for Oracle Linux $releasever ($basearch)
baseurl=http://public-yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL6/UEK/base/$basearch/
gpgkey=http://public-yum.oracle.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle-ol6
gpgcheck=
enabled=
~
"/etc/yum.repos.d/public-yum-ol6.repo" 69L, 2545C written

[root@Oracle-A ~]# yum install oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall

校验结果：

[root@oel63 ~]# cd /var/log/oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall/results/
[root@oel63 results]# ls
orakernel.log
[root@oel63 results]# more orakernel.log
Adding group oinstall with gid
Adding group dba
Adding user oracle with user id , initial login group oinstall, supplementary group dba and home directory /home/oracle
Changing ownership of /home/oracle to oracle:oinstall
Please set password for oracle user
uid=(oracle) gid=(oinstall) groups=(oinstall),(dba)
Creating oracle user passedVerifying kernel parameters as per Oracle recommendations...
Adding fs.file-max =
Adding kernel.sem =
Adding kernel.shmmni =
kernel.shmall is higher than preinstall config.
kernel.shmall =
kernel.shmmax =
Changing kernel.shmmax to match preinstall config
Adding net.core.rmem_default =
Adding net.core.rmem_max =
Adding net.core.wmem_default =
Adding net.core.wmem_max =
Adding fs.aio-max-nr =
Adding net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range =
Setting kernel parameters as per oracle recommendations...
Altered file /etc/sysctl.conf
Original file backed up at /etc/sysctl.conf.orabackup
Verifying & setting of kernel parameters passedSetting user limits using /etc/security/limits.confVerifying oracle user OS limits as per Oracle recommendations...
Adding oracle soft nofile
Adding oracle hard nofile
.............Setting kernel boot parameters as per Oracle recommendations...
Boot parameters will be effected on next reboot
Altered file /boot/grub/grub.conf
Original file backed up at /boot/grub/grub.conf.orabackup
Verifying & setting of boot parameters passedDisabling Transparent Hugepages.
Refer Oracle Note:1557478.1Disabling defrag.
Refer Oracle Note:1557478.1Taking a backup of old config files under /var/log/oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall/backup/May-----
#最后一句给出了相关的备份信息 #下面是查看备份文件
[root@oel63 results]# cd /var/log/oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall/backup
[root@oel63 backup]# ls
May-----
[root@oel63 backup]# cd May-----/
[root@oel63 May-----]# ls
grub.conf limits.conf orakernel.log sysctl.conf#校验Oracle用户，注，需要为Oracle用户修改密码，此处省略
[root@oel63 ~]# cat /etc/passwd |grep oracle
oracle:x::::/home/oracle:/bin/bash
[root@oel63 ~]# cat /etc/group |grep dba
dba:x::oracle
[root@oel63 ~]# cat /etc/group |grep oinstall
oinstall:x::

参考链接:

How I Simplified Oracle Database 12c and 11g Installations on Oracle Linux 6

How I Simplified Oracle Database Installation on Oracle Linux 5

Oracle 11g 在RedHat Linux 5.8_x64平台的安装手册 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-07/104745.htm

Linux-6-64下安装Oracle 12C笔记 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-07/86805.htm

在CentOS 6.4下安装Oracle 11gR2(x64) http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-02/97374.htm

Oracle 11gR2 在VMWare虚拟机中安装步骤 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-09/89579p2.htm

Debian 下 安装 Oracle 11g XE R2 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-03/98881.htm

更多Oracle相关信息见Oracle 专题页面 http://www.linuxidc.com/topicnews.aspx?tid=12

本文永久更新链接地址：http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-09/106127.htm

二、安装数据库软件

创建所需目录：

Oracle Base Directory:
[root@Oracle-A /]# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracleOracle Inventory Directory:
[root@Oracle-A /]# mkdir -p /u01/app/oraInventoryOracle Home Directory:
[root@Oracle-A /]# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1可选：
Direcotories for Oracle DATA or Recovery Files:
[root@Oracle-A /]# mkdir -p /u01/oradata
[root@Oracle-A /]# mkdir -p /u01/fast_recovery_area
本例中使用默认的$oracle_base/flash_recovery_area

Software Installation Directories
You must specify the directory in which the Oracle Database software is installed, or the location where the product binary files are copied from the installation media. You must choose a location that has enough disk space to contain the software and is accessible by the operating system user performing the installation.You also specify the location of the Oracle base directory, which is used by all Oracle software products installed on the server. The first time you install Oracle Database software on a server, you are prompted to specify the location of the inventory directory, called oraInventory. This directory provides a centralized inventory of all Oracle software products installed on the server. You should use the same value for the Oracle inventory directory each time you perform an Oracle software installation on the server.

文档中的目录说明

修改目录属性：

chown -R oracle.oinstalll /u01

修改环境变更

# vi /home/oracle/.bash_profile #添加如下内容ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle;
export ORACLE_BASE
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2./db_1;
export ORACLE_HOME
ORACLE_SID=orcl;
export ORACLE_SID
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib;
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$HOME/bin;
export PATH

修改/etc/hosts文件

[root@Oracle-A tmp]# vi /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
:: localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.56.201 Oracle-A

上传安装文件

[root@Oracle-A tmp]# unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip
[root@Oracle-A tmp]# unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip
[root@Oracle-A tmp]# xhost +
[root@Oracle-A tmp]$ export DISPLAY=192.168.56.1:0.0
[oracle@Oracle-A 11.2.]$ cd /tmp/database/

配置xmanager

设置好连接后，在命令输入如下内容：

/usr/bin/xterm -ls -display $DISPLAY

用Xstart命令行中启动安装程序

成功后，调用出安装界面，忘记修改/etc/hosts/时，会报如下图的错误

安装过程，本例先安装软件，再创建数据库。

开始进行安装。

最后运行两个脚本

VirtualBox克隆另一台虚拟机

复制时候，选择重新初始化所有MAC地址

配置从库的主机信息。

删除UUID

如果网络不通，可以采取以下两种方法，我用的第1种，直接删除：

解决办法：
通过查看新VM的文件/etc/udev/rules.d/-persistent-net.rules，发现多了几个网卡接口，我们每更新一次网卡MAC地址，都只会在该文件内追加信息。我们有两种方法解决该问题：
. 删除70-persistent-net.rules文件，重启；
. 我们只需按照新VM的设置信息将70-persistent-net.rules文件内的多余网卡去掉，然后将正确MAC地址那一行改为对应于eth0即可，然后重启；

主库上创建数据库，发现不认dbca命令

oracle@edrsr12p1 Desktop]$ . oraenv
ORACLE_SID = [orcl] ? orcl
ORACLE_HOME = [/home/oracle] ? /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2./dbhome_1
The Oracle base remains unchanged with value /u01/app/oracle
[oracle@edrsr12p1 Desktop]$ dbca

修改Standby的环境变量

修改后正常：

字符集选择时，要慎重。

创建监听：

$netca,第一个listener一路回车即可。

SQL> desc v$instance;
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
INSTANCE_NUMBER NUMBER
INSTANCE_NAME VARCHAR2()
HOST_NAME VARCHAR2()
VERSION VARCHAR2()
STARTUP_TIME DATE
STATUS VARCHAR2()
PARALLEL VARCHAR2()
THREAD# NUMBER
ARCHIVER VARCHAR2()
LOG_SWITCH_WAIT VARCHAR2()
LOGINS VARCHAR2()
SHUTDOWN_PENDING VARCHAR2()
DATABASE_STATUS VARCHAR2()
INSTANCE_ROLE VARCHAR2()
ACTIVE_STATE VARCHAR2()
BLOCKED VARCHAR2()SQL> select instance_name from v$instance;INSTANCE_NAME
----------------
orcl

完成安装后，开始安装物理DATAGuard，先调整主库

1、Enable force logging

SQL> alter database force logging;Database altered.

SQL> select force_logging from v$database;

FOR
---
YES

2、查询当前日志组和文件分布并创建转化为备库时使用的redo log文件，要求Standby redo log的组数要多于online redo log，并且二者的日志文件大小相同。

SQL> col member format a50
SQL> select group#,member from v$logfile; GROUP# MEMBER
---------- --------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo03.log
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo02.log
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo01.log

SQL> select group#,bytes/(1024*1024) from v$log;

GROUP# BYTES/(1024*1024)
---------- -----------------
1 50
2 50
3 50

SQL> alter database add standby logfile
2 group 4 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/std_redo04.log' size 50m;

Database altered.

SQL> alter database add standby logfile
2 group 5 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/std_redo05.log' size 50m;

Database altered.

SQL> alter database add standby logfile
2 group 6 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/std_redo06.log' size 50m;

Database altered.

SQL> alter database add standby logfile
2 group 7 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/std_redo07.log' size 50m;

Database altered.

查看一下当前的redo log

SQL> select member from v$logfile;

MEMBER
--------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo03.log
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo02.log
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo01.log
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/std_redo04.log
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/std_redo05.log
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/std_redo06.log
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/std_redo07.log

注：Standby redo log 的组数参考公式：(online redolog级数+1)*数据库线程数，RAC线程为2.

Standby redolog的组成员数和大小也尽量和online redo一样。

设置主库初始化参数

SQL> create pfile from spfile;File created.SQL> !
[oracle@Oracle-A bin]$ ls -l $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
total
-rw-rw---- oracle oinstall Jun : hc_orcl.dat
-rw-r--r-- oracle oinstall May init.ora
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 938 Jun 23 15:43 initorcl.ora #新创建的
-rw-r----- oracle oinstall Jun : lkORCL
-rw-r----- oracle oinstall Jun : orapworcl
-rw-r----- oracle oinstall Jun : spfileorcl.ora

编辑这个生成的初始化参数文件

查看归档的路径：

Oracle11g版本，ORACLE默认的日志归档路径为闪回恢复区（$ORACLE_BASE/fast_recovery_area）。对于这个路径，Oracle有一个限制，就是默认只有4G的空间，而且不只是归档日志的默认路径，也是备份文件和闪回日志的默认地址，这样的话归档日志锁使用的空间就达不到4G，在没有设置好这个路径大小的情况下，很多系统都遇到过归档日志满而无法归档导致数据库夯住的问题。

归档路径说明

SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
Oldest online log sequence
Next log sequence to archive
Current log sequence

这里可以看到Archive destination的值为USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST，可以理解为USE(使用)DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST这个路径

查看DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST路径

SQL> show parameter db_recovery;NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
db_recovery_file_dest string /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area
db_recovery_file_dest_size big integer 4182M下面的参数是空的

SQL> show parameter log_archive_dest_1;

NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
log_archive_dest_1 string
log_archive_dest_10 string
log_archive_dest_11 string
log_archive_dest_12 string
log_archive_dest_13 string
log_archive_dest_14 string
log_archive_dest_15 string
log_archive_dest_16 string
log_archive_dest_17 string
log_archive_dest_18 string
log_archive_dest_19 string

 

由上可以很清楚的看到DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST路径参数的值默认为/u01/oracle/fast_recovery_area，并且Oracle设置的大小为4G。
默认情况下，归档日志会存放到闪回恢复区（$ORACLE_BASE/fast_recovery_area）内，如果闪回恢复区已经使用到4G，归档日志就有可能无法继续归档，数据库夯住。

具体参考：https://blog.csdn.net/u011364306/article/details/49276717

vi /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2./db_1/dbs/initorcl.ora以下为增加内容:

db_unique_name=orcl
log_archive_config='dg_config=(orcl,orclstdby)'
log_archive_dest_1='location=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=orcl'
log_archive_dest_2='service=orclstdby lgwro async valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_roles) db_unique_name=orclstdby'   #lgwro async选一
log_archive_dest_state_1=enable
log_archive_dest_stat_2=enable
db_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orclstdby','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl'
log_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orclstdby','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl'
fal_server=orclstdby
fal_client=orcl
standby_file_management=auto
standby_archive_dest='/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area'

比原文少了创建相关archive log的目录，这里临时使用默认路径，有问题，后面再修改。

shutdown 实例

SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.

测试一下参数文件：

SQL> startup pfile='/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/initorcl.ora';

再shutdown实例

启动到mount状态：

SQL> startup mount pfile='/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/initorcl.ora';

[oracle@Oracle-A ~]$ rman target /

Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Mon Jun 25 15:35:31 2018

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1507351096, not open)

RMAN>

编辑standby数据库参数文件

[oracle@Oracle-A dbs]$ scp initorcl.ora oracle@192.168.56.202:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2./db_1/dbs/initorclstdby.ora$vi initorclstdby.ora

[oracle@Oracle-B dbs]$ vi initorclstdby.ora
fal_server=orclstdby
fal_client=orcl
orcl.__db_cache_size=352321536
orcl.__java_pool_size=4194304
orcl.__large_pool_size=8388608
orcl.__oracle_base='/u01/app/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment
orcl.__pga_aggregate_target=335544320
orcl.__sga_target=503316480
orcl.__shared_io_pool_size=0
orcl.__shared_pool_size=125829120
orcl.__streams_pool_size=0
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/adump'
*.audit_trail='db'
*.compatible='11.2.0.4.0'
*.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orclstdby/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orclstdby/control02.ctl'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_name='orcl'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4385144832
*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=orclXDB)'
*.log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.dbf'
*.memory_target=838860800
*.open_cursors=300
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
db_unique_name=orclstdby
log_archive_config='dg_config=(orcl,orclstdby)'
log_archive_dest_1='location=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area
valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=orclstdby'
log_archive_dest_2='service=orcl async
valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_roles) db_unique_name=orcl'
log_archive_dest_state_1=enable
log_archive_dest_state_2=enable
db_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orclstdby'
log_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orclstdby'
fal_server=orcl
standby_file_management=auto
standby_archive_dest='/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area'

在主库上创建备库的控制文件

SQL> alter database create standby controlfile as '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/orclstdby01.ctl';

在备库上创建对应目录，如backup、归档目录，本例为闪回下，control文件存放目录，并将相应文件复制过去

cd /u01/app/oracle/oradata/
mkdir -p orclstdbyscp initorcl.ora oracle@192.168.56.202:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2./db_1/dbs/initorclstdby.ora
scp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/orclstdby01.ctl oracle@192.168.56.202:/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orclstdby/
scp orapworcl oracle@192.168.56.202:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2./db_1/dbs/
[oracle@Oracle-A dbs]$ scp -r /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL oracle@192.168.56.202:/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orclstdby/

经过一系列的目录对比、复制文件、修改参数文件后，终于可以把备库启动到Mount状态

对备库的参数文件再次修改，控制文件名的名称，不符合：

*.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orclstdby/orclstdby01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orclstdby/orclstdby02.ctl'

SQL> startup mount pfile='/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/initorclstdby.ora';

ORA-32006: STANDBY_ARCHIVE_DEST initialization parameter has been deprecated
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 835104768 bytes
Fixed Size 2257840 bytes
Variable Size 536874064 bytes
Database Buffers 289406976 bytes
Redo Buffers 6565888 bytes
Database mounted.

创建主库和备库的监听，可用图形界面或直接编辑listener.ora

编辑Net service names,主库和备份库复制即可，监听也折腾了一段时间，图形创建的可以，而手工编辑按文档的不行，后用图形配置后，进行了些更改，OK!

主库的监听配置文件
$cd /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2./db_1/network/admin

[oracle@Oracle-A admin]$ cat listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)
(SID_NAME = orcl)
)
)

LISTENER =

(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.56.201)(PORT = 1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
)
)

ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle

备库的listener.ora

[oracle@Oracle-B admin]$ cat listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = orclstdby)
(SID_NAME = orclstdby)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)
)
)

LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
)
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.56.202)(PORT = 1521))
)
)

编辑tnsnames.ora

[oracle@Oracle-A admin]$ cat tnsnames.ora
orcl =
(DESCRIPTION=
(address = (protocol=tcp)(host = 192.168.56.201)(PORT = ))
(connect_data =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
)
)orclstdby =
(DESCRIPTION=
(address = (protocol=tcp)(host = 192.168.56.202)(PORT = ))
(connect_data =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = orclstdby)
)
)

复制至备库

[oracle@Oracle-A admin]$ scp tnsnames.ora oracle@192.168.56.202:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2./db_1/network/admin[oracle@Oracle-A admin]$ lsnrctl stop

oracle@Oracle-A admin]$ lsnrctl start

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 26-JUN-2018 21:42:02

Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Starting /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1//bin/tnslsnr: please wait...

TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
System parameter file is /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/Oracle-A/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=Oracle-A)(PORT=1521)))
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=Oracle-A)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
Start Date 26-JUN-2018 21:42:05
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/Oracle-A/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=Oracle-A)(PORT=1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
The listener supports no services
The command completed successfully

备库也启动lsnrctl start

TNSPing测试一下，在主库备库分别操作

oracle@Oracle-A admin]$ tnsping orclstdby

TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 26-JUN-2018 21:42:48

Copyright (c) 1997, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Used parameter files:

Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias
Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION= (address = (protocol=tcp)(host = 192.168.56.202)(PORT = 1521)) (connect_data = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = orclstdby)))
OK (0 msec)

[oracle@Oracle-B admin]$ tnsping orcl

TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 26-JUN-2018 21:46:47

Copyright (c) 1997, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Used parameter files:

Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias
Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION= (address = (protocol=tcp)(host = 192.168.56.201)(PORT = 1521)) (connect_data = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = orcl)))
OK (0 msec)

停掉备库监听

在备库创建spfile

SQL> conn / as sysdba
Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> create spfile from pfile

File created.

SQL> startup nomount;
ORA-32004: obsolete or deprecated parameter(s) specified for RDBMS instance
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 835104768 bytes
Fixed Size 2257840 bytes
Variable Size 536874064 bytes
Database Buffers 289406976 bytes
Redo Buffers 6565888 bytes
SQL> alter database mount standby database;

Database altered.

在备库恢复主库备份的数据

[oracle@Oracle-B dbs]$ rman target /RMAN> restore database;Starting restore at -JUN-
Starting implicit crosscheck backup at -JUN-
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID= device type=DISK
Crosschecked objects
Finished implicit crosscheck backup at -JUN-Starting implicit crosscheck copy at -JUN-
using channel ORA_DISK_1
Finished implicit crosscheck copy at -JUN-searching for all files in the recovery area
cataloging files...
no files catalogedusing channel ORA_DISK_1channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orclstdby/system01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orclstdby/sysaux01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orclstdby/undotbs01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orclstdby/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orclstdby/example01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2018_06_25/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20180625T173322_fm1fq2md_.bkp
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2018_06_25/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20180625T173322_fm1fq2md_.bkp tag=TAG20180625T173322
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore comRMAN> restore archivelog all;Starting restore at -JUN-
using channel ORA_DISK_1channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log restore to default destination
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archived log
archived log thread= sequence=
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archived log
archived log thread= sequence=
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archived log
archived log thread= sequence=
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archived log
archived log thread= sequence=
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archived log
archived log thread= sequence=
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archived log
archived log thread= sequence=
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2018_06_25/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20180625T174228_fm1g84xw_.bkp
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2018_06_25/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20180625T174228_fm1g84xw_.bkp tag=TAG20180625T174228
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: ::
Finished restore at -JUN-

备库准备接收Redo log

SQL> alter database drop standby logfile group ;Database altered.SQL> alter database drop standby logfile group ;Database altered.SQL> alter database drop standby logfile group ;Database altered.SQL> alter database drop standby logfile group ;Database altered.

SQL> select member from v$logfile;

MEMBER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orclstdby/redo03.log
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orclstdby/redo02.log
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orclstdby/redo01.log

SQL> alter database add standby logfile
2 group 4 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orclstdby/orclstdby_redo04.log') size 50m,
3 group 5 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orclstdby/orclstdby_redo05.log') size 50m,
4 group 6 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orclstdby/orclstdby_redo06.log') size 50m,
5 group 7 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orclstdby/orclstdby_redo07.log') size 50m;

Database altered.

SQL> select member from v$logfile;

MEMBER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orclstdby/redo03.log
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orclstdby/redo02.log
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orclstdby/redo01.log
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orclstdby/orclstdby_redo04.log
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orclstdby/orclstdby_redo05.log
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orclstdby/orclstdby_redo06.log
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orclstdby/orclstdby_redo07.log

检查主备库监听状态

打开主库

SQL> select open_mode from v$database;OPEN_MODE
--------------------
MOUNTEDSQL> alter database open;Database altered.

打开备库并应用redo

SQL> select open_mode from v$database;OPEN_MODE
--------------------
MOUNTEDSQL> alter database open;Database altered.SQL> alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;Database altered.

检查后有错误，参数文件可能需要修改后面继续。

Dataguard运行状态检查：

检查生产端:
SQL> select database_role from v$database;
DATABASE_ROLE
----------------
PRIMARY
SQL> select max(sequence#) from v$archived_log;
MAX(SEQUENCE#)
--------------
18
SQL> select dest_name,status,error from v$archive_dest where dest_id=1 or dest_id=2;
DEST_NAME STATUS ERROR
------------------------------ --------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1 VALID
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2 ERROR ORA-16191: Primary log shipping client not logged on standby
SQL> show parameter log_archive_dest_2
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
log_archive_dest_2 string SERVICE=standby arch ASYNC VAL
ID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMAR
Y_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=orclSQL> show parameter log_archive_dest_state_2
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
log_archive_dest_state_2 string ENABLE
SQL> show parameter remote_login_passwordfile
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
remote_login_passwordfile string EXCLUSIVE
经查，参数配置均没问题
检查DG端；
SQL> select database_role from v$database;
DATABASE_ROLE
----------------
PHYSICAL STANDBY
SQL> select max(sequence#) from v$archived_log;
MAX(SEQUENCE#)
--------------
13

主库进程检查，应有lns进程：

SQL> select process from v$managed_standby;

PROCESS
---------
ARCH
ARCH
ARCH
ARCH
LNS

备库进程检查：
SQL> select process,pid,status from v$managed_standby;
PROCESS PID STATUS
--------- ---------- ------------
ARCH 2400 CONNECTED
ARCH 2402 CONNECTED
ARCH 2404 CONNECTED
ARCH 2406 CONNECTED
未发现RFS进程
查alert日志
[oracle@primary trace]$ tail -f alert_orcl.log |more
returning error ORA-16191
------------------------------------------------------------
Wed Aug 05 16:43:54 2015
Error 1017 received logging on to the standby
------------------------------------------------------------
Check that the primary and standby are using a password file
and remote_login_passwordfile is set to SHARED or EXCLUSIVE,
and that the SYS password is same in the password files.
returning error ORA-16191
------------------------------------------------------------
remote_login_passwordfile参数配置，经查没问题
问题估计在密码文件这块，当初搭建DG时，在主备两端通过 orapwd file=orapworcl password=oracle 生成
现将DG端密码文件删掉，从生产端scp密码文件到DG端，问题解决
[oracle@standby dbs]$ rm -rf orapworcl
[oracle@primary dbs]$ scp orapworcl oracle@192.168.186.88:/u01/app/base/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/
oracle@192.168.186.88's password:
orapworcl 100% 1536 1.5KB/s 00:00
验证生产端：
SQL> select database_role from v$database;
DATABASE_ROLE
----------------
PRIMARY
SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_state_2 = DEFER scope=both;
System altered.
SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_state_2 = ENABLE scope=both;
System altered.
SQL> select max(sequence#) from v$archived_log;
MAX(SEQUENCE#)
--------------
20SQL> select dest_name,status,error from v$archive_dest where dest_id=1 or dest_id=2;
DEST_NAME STATUS ERROR
------------------------------ --------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1 VALID
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2 VALID
验证DG端：
SQL> select database_role from v$database;
DATABASE_ROLE
----------------
PHYSICAL STANDBY
SQL> select max(sequence#) from v$archived_log;
MAX(SEQUENCE#)
--------------
20
SQL> select process,pid,status from v$managed_standby;
PROCESS PID STATUS
--------- ---------- ------------
ARCH 2400 CONNECTED
ARCH 2402 CONNECTED
ARCH 2404 CONNECTED
ARCH 2406 CONNECTED
RFS 2611 IDLE
RFS 2613 IDLE
RFS 2615 IDLE
7 rows selected.
RFS进程正常，归档日志已经同步

如果进程有问题:

不存在的话，查看oracle alert.log日志，查看日志是否报错。如果日志没有报错，执行如下脚本在主库和备库均执行alter system set LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE;
alter system set LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=ENABLE;作者：若有所思11
链接：https://www.jianshu.com/p/c96b73f8df80
來源：简书
简书著作权归作者所有，任何形式的转载都请联系作者获得授权并注明出处。

从我这边实际情况看，把复制过来的orapworcl复制一个备库的实例名的密码文件，故障排除。

cp /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/orapworcl /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/orapworclstdby

校验命令：

SELECT STATUS, GAP_STATUS FROM V$ARCHIVE_DEST_STATUS WHERE DEST_ID = 2;

角色切换

Data Guard provides the V$DATAGUARD_STATS view that can be used to evaluate each standby database in terms of the currency of the data in the standby database, and the time it will take to perform a role transition if all available redo data is applied to the standby database. For example:

SQL> COLUMN NAME FORMAT A24
SQL> COLUMN VALUE FORMAT A16
SQL> COLUMN DATUM_TIME FORMAT A24
SQL> SELECT NAME, VALUE, DATUM_TIME FROM V$DATAGUARD_STATS;NAME VALUE DATUM_TIME
------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------
transport lag +00 00:00:00 06/18/2009 12:22:06
apply lag +00 00:00:00 06/18/2009 12:22:06
apply finish time +00 00:00:00.000
estimated startup time 9

This query output shows that the standby database has received and applied all redo generated by the primary database. These statistics were computed using data received from the primary database as of 12:22.06 on 06/18/09.

If a standby database currently running in maximum protection mode will be involved in the failover, first place it in maximum performance mode by issuing the following statement on the standby database:

SQL> ALTER DATABASE SET STANDBY DATABASE TO MAXIMIZE PERFORMANCE;

Query the SWITCHOVER_STATUS column of the V$DATABASE view on the primary database.For example:

SQL> SELECT SWITCHOVER_STATUS FROM V$DATABASE;SWITCHOVER_STATUS
-----------------
TO STANDBY
1 row selected

Issue the following SQL statement on the target physical standby database:

SQL> ALTER DATABASE COMMIT TO SWITCHOVER TO PRIMARY WITH SESSION SHUTDOWN;

Open the new primary database.

SQL> ALTER DATABASE OPEN;

Start Redo Apply on the new physical standby database.

SQL> ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE USING CURRENT LOGFILE DISCONNECT FROM SESSION;

Restart Redo Apply if it has stopped at any of the other physical standby databases in your Data Guard configuration.

SQL> ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE USING CURRENT LOGFILE DISCONNECT FROM SESSION;

故障处理一

ORA-02253:an incompatible media recovery is active

天在standby 数据库上执行alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session; 报如下错误：ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01153: an incompatible media recovery is active从字面意思理解应该是“存在一个不兼容的介质恢复”。仔细检查发现上面已经执行过一次alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session; 猜想应该是重复启用日志应用所致。故取消应用alter database recover managed standby database cancel;重新开启应用alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session; 问题解决，没有报错。

参考

https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/server.112/e41134/toc.htm