sudo apt-get 与 yum 常用命令

#首先备份/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup
#下载对应版本 repo 文件, 放入 /etc/yum.repos.d/ (操作前请做好相应备份)
cd /etc/yum.repos.d
wget http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS6-Base-163.repo
mv CentOS6-Base-163.repo CentOS-Base.repo
#运行以下命令生成缓存
yum clean all
yum makecache

#安装包
yum install <package_name>
yum install nginx -y
yum reinstall nginx -y
yum -y groupinstall "Development tools" #同时安装所有依赖包
yum -y install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel xz-devel
sudo apt-get install <package_name>
sudo apt-get install <package_name> -- reinstall#重装包
sudo apt-get -f install #修复安装"-f = --fix-missing"，有依赖关系时手动可能不成功
sudo apt-get build-dep <package_name>#安装相关的编译环境
sudo dpkg -i package_file.deb#安装.deb#卸载包
yum remove <package_name>
yum erase nginx -y
sudo apt-get remove <package_name>
sudo apt-get remove <package_name> -- purge#删除包，包括删除配置文件等
sudo apt-get remove --auto-remove python3.7
sudo apt-get purge python3.7
sudo apt-get purge remove <package_name>
sudo apt-get purge --auto-remove python3.7
sudo apt-get clean && sudo apt-get autoclean#清理无用的包
sudo apt-get check#检查是否有损坏的依赖
sudo dpkg -r package_name#卸载.deb
sudo apt-get autoclean <package_name> #只删除已过期的deb
sudo apt-get autoremove <package_name> #删除为了满足依赖安装现在不需要的包，保留配置文件#更新包
yum check-update#列出所有可更新的软件清单
yum list updates#列出所有可更新的软件包
yum update#更新所有软件
yum update <package_name>
yum update <package_name>
sudo apt-get update <package_name>
sudo apt-get upgrade <package_name>
sudo apt-get update#更新源
sudo apt-get upgrade#更新已安装的包
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade#升级系统
sudo apt-get dselect-upgrade#使用 dselect 升级#其他
yum search <keyword>#搜索包
yum info <package_name>#获取包信息
yum list#列出所有可安装的软件包
yum list <package_name>#列出所指定的软件包
yum list pam* #列出以 pam 开头的所有包
yum groupinfo Development tools
yum grouplist | more
yum grouplist | grep Development
yum list installed#列出所有已安装的软件包
yum list extras#列出所有已安装但不在Yum Repository内的软件包
yum clean packages#清除缓存目录下的软件包
yum clean headers#清除缓存目录下的 headers
yum clean oldheaders#清除缓存目录下旧的 headers
yum clean, yum clean all (= yum clean packages; yum clean oldheaders)
sudo apt-cache search <package_name> #搜索包
sudo apt-cache show <package_name> #获取包信息
sudo apt-get check#检查系统中已安装软件包的依赖性
sudo apt-cache depends <package_name> #了解使用依赖
sudo apt-cache rdepends <package_name> #查看该包被哪些包依赖
sudo apt-get source <package_name> #下载该包的源代码