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Linux命令学习总结：date命令

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命令简介：

date 根据给定格式显示日期或设置系统日期时间。print or set the system date and time

指令所在路径：/bin/date

命令语法：

date [OPTION]... [+FORMAT]

date [-u|--utc|--universal] [MMDDhhmm[[CC]YY][.ss]]

命令参数：

参数

描述

-d

显示字符串描述的时间

-f

显示DATEFILE文件中的每行时间

-r

显示文件的最后修改时间

-R

以RFC-2822兼容日期格式显示时间

-rfc-2822

以RFC-2822兼容日期格式显示时间

-s

设置时间为string

-u

显示或设定为Coordinated Universal Time时间格式

--help

显示date命令的帮助信息

--version

显示date命令的版本信息

Format参数格式

要说写这位程序的 David MacKenzie老兄，真是事无巨细啊，居然整了这么多格式参数，佩服佩服。

参数

描述

%%

显示字符%

%a

星期几的缩写(Sun..Sat)

%A

星期几的完整名称（Sunday...Saturday）

%b

月份的缩写(Jan..Dec)

%B

月份的完整名称(January..December)

%c

日期与时间。只输入date指令也会显示同样的结果

%C

世纪(年份除100后去整) [00-99]

%d

日期(以01-31来表示)。

%D

日期(含年月日)。

%e

一个月的第几天 ( 1..31)

%F

日期，同%Y-%m-%d

%g

年份(yy)

%G

年份(yyyy)

%h

同%b

%H

小时(00..23)

%I

小时(01..12)

%j

一年的第几天(001..366)

%k

小时( 0..23)

%l

小时( 1..12)

%m

月份(01..12)

%M

分钟(00..59)

%n

换行

%N

纳秒(000000000..999999999)

%p

AM or PM

%P

am or pm

%r

12小时制时间(hh:mm:ss [AP]M)

%R

24小时制时间(hh:mm)

%s

从00:00:00 1970-01-01 UTC开始的秒数

%S

秒(00..60)

%t

制表符

%T

24小时制时间(hh:mm:ss)

%u

一周的第几天(1..7); 1 表示星期一

%U

一年的第几周，周日为每周的第一天(00..53)

%V

一年的第几周，周一为每周的第一天 (01..53)

%w

一周的第几天 (0..6); 0 代表周日

%W

一年的第几周，周一为每周的第一天(00..53)

%x

日期(mm/dd/yy)

%X

时间(%H:%M:%S)

%y

年份(00..99)

%Y

年份 (1970…)

%z

RFC-2822 风格数字格式时区(-0500)

%Z

时区(e.g., EDT), 无法确定时区则为空

  

使用示例：

1： 查看date命令帮助信息

1: [root@DB-Server ~]# date --help

2: 

3: Usage: date [OPTION]... [+FORMAT]

4: 

5: or: date [-u|--utc|--universal] [MMDDhhmm[[CC]YY][.ss]]

6: 

7: Display the current time in the given FORMAT, or set the system date.

8: 

9: -d, --date=STRING display time described by STRING, not `now'

10: 

11: -f, --file=DATEFILE like --date once for each line of DATEFILE

12: 

13: -r, --reference=FILE display the last modification time of FILE

14: 

15: -R, --rfc-2822 output date and time in RFC 2822 format

16: 

17: --rfc-3339=TIMESPEC output date and time in RFC 3339 format.

18: 

19: TIMESPEC=`date', `seconds', or `ns' for

20: 

21: date and time to the indicated precision.

22: 

23: -s, --set=STRING set time described by STRING

24: 

25: -u, --utc, --universal print or set Coordinated Universal Time

26: 

27: --help display this help and exit

28: 

29: --version output version information and exit

30: 

31: FORMAT controls the output. The only valid option for the second form

32: 

33: specifies Coordinated Universal Time. Interpreted sequences are:

34: 

35: %% a literal %

36: 

37: %a locale's abbreviated weekday name (e.g., Sun)

38: 

39: %A locale's full weekday name (e.g., Sunday)

40: 

41: %b locale's abbreviated month name (e.g., Jan)

42: 

43: %B locale's full month name (e.g., January)

44: 

45: %c locale's date and time (e.g., Thu Mar 3 23:05:25 2005)

46: 

47: %C century; like %Y, except omit last two digits (e.g., 21)

48: 

49: %d day of month (e.g, 01)

50: 

51: %D date; same as %m/%d/%y

52: 

53: %e day of month, space padded; same as %_d

54: 

55: %F full date; same as %Y-%m-%d

56: 

57: %g last two digits of year of ISO week number (see %G)

58: 

59: %G year of ISO week number (see %V); normally useful only with %V

60: 

61: %h same as %b

62: 

63: %H hour (00..23)

64: 

65: %I hour (01..12)

66: 

67: %j day of year (001..366)

68: 

69: %k hour ( 0..23)

70: 

71: %l hour ( 1..12)

72: 

73: %m month (01..12)

74: 

75: %M minute (00..59)

76: 

77: %n a newline

78: 

79: %N nanoseconds (000000000..999999999)

80: 

81: %p locale's equivalent of either AM or PM; blank if not known

82: 

83: %P like %p, but lower case

84: 

85: %r locale's 12-hour clock time (e.g., 11:11:04 PM)

86: 

87: %R 24-hour hour and minute; same as %H:%M

88: 

89: %s seconds since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC

90: 

91: %S second (00..60)

92: 

93: %t a tab

94: 

95: %T time; same as %H:%M:%S

96: 

97: %u day of week (1..7); 1 is Monday

98: 

99: %U week number of year, with Sunday as first day of week (00..53)

100: 

101: %V ISO week number, with Monday as first day of week (01..53)

102: 

103: %w day of week (0..6); 0 is Sunday

104: 

105: %W week number of year, with Monday as first day of week (00..53)

106: 

107: %x locale's date representation (e.g., 12/31/99)

108: 

109: %X locale's time representation (e.g., 23:13:48)

110: 

111: %y last two digits of year (00..99)

112: 

113: %Y year

114: 

115: %z +hhmm numeric timezone (e.g., -0400)

116: 

117: %:z +hh:mm numeric timezone (e.g., -04:00)

118: 

119: %::z +hh:mm:ss numeric time zone (e.g., -04:00:00)

120: 

121: %:::z numeric time zone with : to necessary precision (e.g., -04, +05:30)

122: 

123: %Z alphabetic time zone abbreviation (e.g., EDT)

124: 

125: By default, date pads numeric fields with zeroes.

126: 

127: The following optional flags may follow `%':

128: 

129: - (hyphen) do not pad the field

130: 

131: _ (underscore) pad with spaces

132: 

133: 0 (zero) pad with zeros

134: 

135: ^ use upper case if possible

136: 

137: # use opposite case if possible

138: 

139: After any flags comes an optional field width, as a decimal number;

140: 

141: then an optional modifier, which is either

142: 

143: E to use the locale's alternate representations if available, or

144: 

145: O to use the locale's alternate numeric symbols if available.

146: 

147: Report bugs to <bug-coreutils@gnu.org>.

148: 

1: [root@DB-Server ~]# man date

2: 

3: DATE(1) User Commands DATE(1)

4: 

5: NAME

6: 

7: date - print or set the system date and time

8: 

9: SYNOPSIS

10: 

11: date [OPTION]... [+FORMAT]

12: 

13: date [-u|--utc|--universal] [MMDDhhmm[[CC]YY][.ss]]

14: 

15: DESCRIPTION

16: 

17: Display the current time in the given FORMAT, or set the system date.

18: 

19: -d, --date=STRING

20: 

21: display time described by STRING, not ‘now’

22: 

23: -f, --file=DATEFILE

24: 

25: like --date once for each line of DATEFILE

26: 

27: -r, --reference=FILE

28: 

29: display the last modification time of FILE

30: 

31: -R, --rfc-2822

32: 

33: output date and time in RFC 2822 format

34: 

35: --rfc-3339=TIMESPEC

36: 

37: output date and time in RFC 3339 format. TIMESPEC=‘date’, ‘seconds’, or ‘ns’ for date and time to the indicated precision.

38: 

39: -s, --set=STRING

40: 

41: set time described by STRING

42: 

43: -u, --utc, --universal

44: 

45: print or set Coordinated Universal Time

46: 

47: --help display this help and exit

48: 

49: --version

50: 

51: output version information and exit

52: 

53: FORMAT controls the output. The only valid option for the second form specifies Coordinated Universal Time. Interpreted sequences are:

54: 

55: %% a literal %

56: 

57: %a locale’s abbreviated weekday name (e.g., Sun)

58: 

59: %A locale’s full weekday name (e.g., Sunday)

60: 

61: %b locale’s abbreviated month name (e.g., Jan)

62: 

63: %B locale’s full month name (e.g., January)

64: 

65: %c locale’s date and time (e.g., Thu Mar 3 23:05:25 2005)

66: 

67: %C century; like %Y, except omit last two digits (e.g., 21)

68: 

69: %d day of month (e.g, 01)

70: 

71: %D date; same as %m/%d/%y

72: 

73: %e day of month, space padded; same as %_d

74: 

75: %F full date; same as %Y-%m-%d

76: 

77: %g last two digits of year of ISO week number (see %G)

78: 

79: %G year of ISO week number (see %V); normally useful only with %V

80: 

81: %h same as %b

82: 

83: %H hour (00..23)

84: 

85: %I hour (01..12)

86: 

87: %j day of year (001..366)

88: 

89: %k hour ( 0..23)

90: 

91: %l hour ( 1..12)

92: 

93: %m month (01..12)

94: 

95: %M minute (00..59)

96: 

97: %n a newline

98: 

99: %N nanoseconds (000000000..999999999)

100: 

101: %p locale’s equivalent of either AM or PM; blank if not known

102: 

103: %P like %p, but lower case

104: 

105: %r locale’s 12-hour clock time (e.g., 11:11:04 PM)

106: 

107: %R 24-hour hour and minute; same as %H:%M

108: 

109: %s seconds since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC

110: 

111: %S second (00..60)

112: 

113: %t a tab

114: 

115: %T time; same as %H:%M:%S

116: 

117: %u day of week (1..7); 1 is Monday

118: 

119: %U week number of year, with Sunday as first day of week (00..53)

120: 

121: %V ISO week number, with Monday as first day of week (01..53)

122: 

123: %w day of week (0..6); 0 is Sunday

124: 

125: %W week number of year, with Monday as first day of week (00..53)

126: 

127: %x locale’s date representation (e.g., 12/31/99)

128: 

129: %X locale’s time representation (e.g., 23:13:48)

130: 

131: %y last two digits of year (00..99)

132: 

133: %Y year

134: 

135: %z +hhmm numeric timezone (e.g., -0400)

136: 

137: %:z +hh:mm numeric timezone (e.g., -04:00)

138: 

139: %::z +hh:mm:ss numeric time zone (e.g., -04:00:00)

140: 

141: %:::z numeric time zone with : to necessary precision (e.g., -04, +05:30)

142: 

143: %Z alphabetic time zone abbreviation (e.g., EDT)

144: 

145: By default, date pads numeric fields with zeroes. The following optional flags may follow ‘%’:

146: 

147: - (hyphen) do not pad the field _ (underscore) pad with spaces 0 (zero) pad with zeros ^ use upper case if possible # use opposite case if possible

148: 

149: After any flags comes an optional field width, as a decimal number; then an optional modifier, which is either E to use the locale’s alternate representations if available,

150: 

151: or O to use the locale’s alternate numeric symbols if available.

152: 

153: ENVIRONMENT

154: 

155: TZ Specifies the timezone, unless overridden by command line parameters. If neither is specified, the setting from /etc/localtime is used.

156: 

157: AUTHOR

158: 

159: Written by David MacKenzie.

160: 

161: REPORTING BUGS

162: 

163: Report bugs to <bug-coreutils@gnu.org>.

164: 

165: COPYRIGHT

166: 

167: Copyright ? 2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

168: 

169: This is free software. You may redistribute copies of it under the terms of the GNU General Public License <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>. There is NO WARRANTY, to

170: 

171: the extent permitted by law.

172: 

173: SEE ALSO

174: 

175: The full documentation for date is maintained as a Texinfo manual. If the info and date programs are properly installed at your site, the command

176: 

177: info date

178: 

179: should give you access to the complete manual.

180: 

181: date 5.97 May 2011 DATE(1)

182: 

2：查看date命令的版本信息

1: [root@DB-Server ~]# date --version

2: 

3: date (GNU coreutils) 5.97

4: 

5: Copyright (C) 2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

6: 

7: This is free software. You may redistribute copies of it under the terms of

8: 

9: the GNU General Public License <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.

10: 

11: There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.

12: 

13: Written by David MacKenzie.

14: 

3：运用-d参数

1: [root@DB-Server ~]# date -d now

2: 

3: Thu Nov 14 22:52:45 PST 2013

4: 

5: [root@DB-Server ~]# date -d 'next monday'

6: 

7: Mon Nov 18 00:00:00 PST 2013

8: 

9: [root@DB-Server ~]# date -d yesterday +%Y%m%d

10: 

11: 20131113

12: 

4：显示文件中的时间

1: [root@DB-Server ~]# cat >date.txt

2: 

3: 2013-11-17 10:54:00

4: 

5: 2013-11-22 11:11:11

6: 

7: [root@DB-Server ~]# more date.txt

8: 

9: 2013-11-17 10:54:00

10: 

11: 2013-11-22 11:11:11

12: 

13: [root@DB-Server ~]# date -f date.txt

14: 

15: Sun Nov 17 10:54:00 PST 2013

16: 

17: Fri Nov 22 11:11:11 PST 2013

18: 

5：显示文件最后修改的时间

1: [root@DB-Server ~]# date -r install.log

2: 

3: Fri Sep 6 11:31:15 PDT 2013

4: 

6：按各种格式显示当前日期时间

这个命令的格式参数实在是太多了，在此没有必要每一个参数都尝试一遍，大家可以对唱Format参数表，自己敲一敲命令实践一下。

1: 6.1 只显示当前日期的年份

2: 

3: [root@DB-Server ~]# date +%Y

4: 

5: 2013

6: 

7: 6.2 只显示当前日期的月份

8: 

9: [root@DB-Server ~]# date +%m

10: 

11: 11

12: 

13: 6.3 显示各种格式类型的日期

14: 

15: [root@DB-Server ~]# date +%D

16: 

17: 11/14/13

18: 

19: [root@DB-Server ~]# date '+%Y-%m-%d'

20: 

21: 2013-11-14

22: 

23: [root@DB-Server ~]# date +%Y-%m-%d

24: 

25: 2013-11-14

26: 

27: [root@DB-Server ~]# date +%m/%d/%y

28: 

29: 11/14/13

30: 

31: [root@DB-Server ~]# date +%m/%d/%Y

32: 

33: 11/14/2013

34: 

35: .......

36: 

7: 设置系统时间

1: [root@DB-Server ~]# date -s "2013-11-14 00:00:00"

2: 

3: Thu Nov 14 00:00:00 PST 2013