Linux中磁盘分区、格式化、挂载等管理

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1. 添加磁盘，查看磁盘状况

[root@db1 /]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 10.7 GB,  bytes

 heads,  sectors/track,  cylinders

Units = cylinders of  *  =  bytes

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sda1   *                      +    Linux

/dev/sda2                             +    linux swap

Partition table entries are not in disk order

Disk /dev/sdb:  MB,  bytes

 heads,  sectors/track,  cylinders

Units = cylinders of  *  =  bytes

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

从结果看出，多了一个/dev/sdb的盘

2. 用fdisk 对/dev/sdb 进行分区

[root@db1 /]# fdisk /dev/sdb

Command (m for help): n

Command action

   e   extended

   p   primary partition (-)

p

Partition number (-):

First cylinder (-, default ):

Using default value

Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (-, default ):

Using default value 

Command (m for help): w

The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

Syncing disks.

再次查看分区情况，多出来一个/dev/sdb1 的区，这个1是我们在前面指定的，如果我们指定2，就变成 sdb2了。

[root@db1 /]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 10.7 GB,  bytes

 heads,  sectors/track,  cylinders

Units = cylinders of  *  =  bytes

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sda1   *                      +    Linux

/dev/sda2                             +    Linux swap

Partition table entries are not in disk order

Disk /dev/sdb:  MB,  bytes

 heads,  sectors/track,  cylinders

Units = cylinders of  *  =  bytes

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sdb1                             +    Linux

[root@db1 /]#

如果创建完之后，/proc/partitions 查看不到对应的分区，使用parprobe 命令刷新一下就可以了：

[root@web1 ~]# cat /proc/partitions

major minor  #blocks  name

           sda

             sda1

            sda2

             sda3

[root@web1 ~]# partprobe /dev/sda

[root@web1 ~]# cat /proc/partitions

major minor  #blocks  name

           sda

             sda1

            sda2

             sda3

           sda4

[root@web1 ~]#

3. 格式化 /dev/sdb1 分区

[root@db1 /]# mkfs -t ext3 /dev/sdb1

mke2fs 1.35 (-Feb-)

Filesystem label=

OS type: Linux

Block size= (log=)

Fragment size= (log=)

 inodes,  blocks

 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user

First data block=

Maximum filesystem blocks=

 block groups

 blocks per group,  fragments per group

 inodes per group

Superblock backups stored on blocks:

        , , , , , , 

Writing inode tables: done

Creating journal ( blocks): done

Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

This filesystem will be automatically checked every  mounts or

 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

4. 创建目录并将 /dev/sdb1 挂在到该目录下

[root@db1 /]# ls

backup  dev   initrd      media  opt   sbin     sys       usr

bin     etc   lib         misc   proc  selinux  tftpboot  var

boot    home  lost+found  mnt    root  srv      tmp

[root@db1 /]# mkdir /u01

[root@db1 /]# ls

backup  dev   initrd      media  opt   sbin     sys       u01

bin     etc   lib         misc   proc  selinux  tftpboot  usr

boot    home  lost+found  mnt    root  srv      tmp       var

[root@db1 /]# mount /dev/sdb1 /u01

5. 验证挂载是否成功

[root@db1 /]# df -k

Filesystem           1K-blocks      Used Available Use% Mounted on

/dev/sda1                      % /

none                                    % /dev/shm

/dev/sdb1                         % /backup

6. 设置开机自动挂载

[root@db1 /]# vi /etc/fstab

# This file is edited by fstab-sync - see 'man fstab-sync' for details

LABEL=/                 /                       ext3    defaults

none                    /dev/pts                devpts  gid=,mode=

none                    /dev/shm                tmpfs   defaults

none                    /proc                   proc    defaults

none                    /sys                    sysfs   defaults

LABEL=SWAP-sda2         swap                    swap    defaults

/dev/sdb1               /u01                 ext3    defaults

/dev/hdc                /media/cdrom            auto    pamconsole,exec,noauto,m

anaged

/dev/fd0                /media/floppy           auto    pamconsole,exec,noauto,m

anaged

本文摘自：http://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/article/details/5642883，感谢原作者分享。