Nginx之https配置 - 运维笔记 (http->https强转)

# ./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module

# make && make install

server {

          listen 443;

          server_name www.wangshibo.com;

          root /var/www/vhosts/www.wangshibo.com/httpdocs/main/;

          ssl on;

          ssl_certificate /usr/local/nginx/cert/wangshibo.crt;

          ssl_certificate_key /usr/local/nginx/cert/wangshibo.key;

          ssl_session_timeout 5m;

          ssl_protocols SSLv2 SSLv3 TLSv1;

          ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;               //或者是ssl_ciphers ALL:!ADH:!EXPORT56:RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:+LOW:+SSLv2:+EXP;

          ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;

          access_log /var/www/vhosts/www.wangshibo.com/logs/clickstream_ssl.log main;

          error_log /var/www/vhosts/www.wangshibo.com/logs/clickstream_error_ssl.log;

         if ($remote_addr !~ ^(124.165.97.144|133.110.186.128|133.110.186.88)) {           //对访问的来源ip做白名单限制

                rewrite ^.*$ /maintence.php last;

         }

         location ~ \.php$ {

              fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;

              fastcgi_read_timeout 300;

              fastcgi_index index.php;

              fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;

             #include fastcgi_params;

             include fastcgi.conf;

         }

}

1) 下面是将所有的http请求通过rewrite重写到https上。

    例如将所有的dev.wangshibo.com域名的http访问强制跳转到https。

    下面配置均可以实现：

配置1：

server {

    listen 80;

    server_name dev.wangshibo.com;

    index index.html index.php index.htm;

    access_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main;

    error_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log;

    rewrite ^(.*)$  https://$host$1 permanent;        //这是ngixn早前的写法，现在还可以使用。

    location ~ / {

    root /var/www/html/8080;

    index index.html index.php index.htm;

    }

    }

================================================================

上面的跳转配置rewrite ^(.*)$  https://$host$1 permanent;

也可以改为下面

rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://dev.wangshibo.com/$1 permanent;

或者

rewrite ^ http://dev.wangshibo.com$request_uri? permanent;

================================================================

配置2：

server {

    listen 80;

    server_name dev.wangshibo.com;

    index index.html index.php index.htm;

    access_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main;

    error_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log;

    return      301 https://$server_name$request_uri;      //这是nginx最新支持的写法

    location ~ / {

    root /var/www/html/8080;

    index index.html index.php index.htm;

    }

    }

配置3：这种方式适用于多域名的时候，即访问wangshibo.com的http也会强制跳转到https://dev.wangshibo.com上面

server {

    listen 80;

    server_name dev.wangshibo.com wangshibo.com *.wangshibo.com;

    index index.html index.php index.htm;

    access_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main;

    error_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log;

    if ($host ~* "^wangshibo.com$") {

    rewrite ^/(.*)$ https://dev.wangshibo.com/ permanent;

    }

    location ~ / {

    root /var/www/html/8080;

    index index.html index.php index.htm;

    }

    }

配置4：下面是最简单的一种配置

server {

    listen 80;

    server_name dev.wangshibo.com;

    index index.html index.php index.htm;

    access_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main;

    error_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log;

    if ($host = "dev.wangshibo.com") {

       rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://dev.wangshibo.com permanent;

    }

    location ~ / {

    root /var/www/html/8080;

    index index.html index.php index.htm;

    }

    }

497 - normal request was sent to HTTPS

解释：当网站只允许https访问时，当用http访问时nginx会报出497错误码

思路：

利用error_page命令将497状态码的链接重定向到https://dev.wangshibo.com这个域名上

配置实例：

如下访问dev.wangshibo.com或者wangshibo.com的http都会被强制跳转到https

server {

    listen 80;

    server_name dev.wangshibo.com wangshibo.com *.wangshibo.com;

    index index.html index.php index.htm;

    access_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main;

    error_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log;

    error_page 497  https://$host$uri?$args;  

    location ~ / {

    root /var/www/html/8080;

    index index.html index.php index.htm;

    }

    }

也可以将80和443的配置放在一起：

server {

    listen       127.0.0.1:443;  #ssl端口

    listen       127.0.0.1:80;   #用户习惯用http访问，加上80，后面通过497状态码让它自动跳到443端口

    server_name  dev.wangshibo.com;

    #为一个server{......}开启ssl支持

    ssl                  on;

    #指定PEM格式的证书文件

    ssl_certificate      /etc/nginx/wangshibo.pem;

    #指定PEM格式的私钥文件

    ssl_certificate_key  /etc/nginx/wangshibo.key;  

    #让http请求重定向到https请求

    error_page 497  https://$host$uri?$args;  

    location ~ / {

    root /var/www/html/8080;

    index index.html index.php index.htm;

    }

    }

server {

    listen 9443 ssl;

    server_name www.kevin.com;

    error_page 497 https://$server_name:9443$request_uri;

    ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/cert/kevin.crt;

    ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/cert/kevin.key;

.........

这样访问http://www.kevin.com:9443 就会自动跳转到https://www.kevin.com:9443。

这种方式直接配置https端口就可以，不需要再配置http端口。

上述的方法均会耗费服务器的资源，可以借鉴百度使用的方法：巧妙的利用meta的刷新作用，将http跳转到https

可以基于http://dev.wangshibo.com的虚拟主机路径下写一个index.html，内容就是http向https的跳转

将下面的内容追加到index.html首页文件内

[root@localhost ~]# cat /var/www/html/8080/index.html

<html>

<meta http-equiv="refresh" content="0;url=https://dev.wangshibo.com/">

</html>

[root@localhost ~]# cat /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts/test.conf

server {

    listen 80;

    server_name dev.wangshibo.com wangshibo.com *.wangshibo.com;

    index index.html index.php index.htm;

    access_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main;

    error_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log;

    #将404的页面重定向到https的首页

    error_page  404 https://dev.wangshibo.com/;   

    location ~ / {

    root /var/www/html/8080;

    index index.html index.php index.htm;

    }

    }

[root@BJLX_34_33_V vhosts]# cat zrx.conf

server {

    listen 80;

    server_name zrx.wangshibo.com;

    index index.html index.php index.htm;

    access_log  logs/access.log;

    error_log   logs/error.log;

    return      301 https://$server_name$request_uri;      

    location ~ / {

    root /data/nginx/html;

    index index.html index.php index.htm;

    }

    }

[root@BJLX_34_33_V vhosts]# cat ssl-zrx.conf

upstream tomcat8 {

    server 172.29.34.33:8080 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;

}

server {

   listen 443;

   server_name zrx.wangshibo.com;

   ssl on;

   ### SSL log files ###

   access_log logs/ssl-access.log;

   error_log logs/ssl-error.log; 

### SSL cert files ###

   ssl_certificate ssl/wangshibo.cer;

   ssl_certificate_key ssl/wangshibo.key;

   ssl_session_timeout 5m;

   location / {

   proxy_pass http://tomcat8/zrx/;

   proxy_next_upstream error timeout invalid_header http_500 http_502 http_503;

   proxy_set_header Host $host;

   proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;

   proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;

   proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto https;

   proxy_redirect off;

}

}

解决办法：

# re-write redirects to http as to https, example: /home

proxy_redirect http:// https://;