Ansible-playbook之定义变量

1.引用变量

# 变量引用方式

"{{ }}"

2.定义变量 (vars)

- hosts: web

  # 定义变量

  vars:

    - play_var: This_is_play_vars

  tasks:

    - name: touch new files

      file:

      # 引用变量

        path: "/tmp/{{ play_var }}"

        state: touch

3.定义变量文件 (vars_files)

# 定义变量文件 var.yml

# cat var.yml

play_var1: play_var1_sb1

play_var2: play_var2_sb2

# 测试剧本: cat web_test.yml

- hosts: web

  #引用变量文件

  vars_files:

  - ./var.yml

  tasks:

    - name: touch new files

      # 引用变量

      file:

        name: "/tmp/{{ play_var1 }}"

        state: touch

4.主机清单中定义变量 (inventory)

# cat hosts

[web]

172.16.1.7

172.16.1.8

172.16.1.9

# 定义web组的变量,仅web组可使用

[web:vars]

inventory_var=inventory_variables

# 测试剧本: cat web_test.yml

- hosts: web

  tasks:

    - name: touch new files

      file:

        path: "/tmp/{{ inventory_var }}"

        state: touch

5.定义主机变量 (host_vars)

# 创建主机变量目录

mkdir host_vars

# 创建主机变量文件

touch host_vars/172.16.1.7

# cat host_vars/172.16.1.7

host_var: host_var172.16.1.7

# cat host_vars/172.16.1.8

host_var: host_var172.16.1.8

6.定义主机组变量 (group_vars)

# 创建组变量目录

mkdir group_vars

# 创建组变量文件

touch group_vars/web

# cat group_vars/web

group_vars: group_vars_web

# cat web_test.yml

- hosts:

  tasks:

    - name: touch new files

      file:

        path: "/tmp/{{ group_vars }}"

        state: touch

# 创建所有主机组变量文件

touch group_vars/all

# cat group_vars/all

group_all: group_all_test

# cat web_test.yml

- hosts:

  tasks:

    - name: touch new files

      file:

        path: "/tmp/{{ group_all }}"

        state: touch

7.命令行传参 （extra）

# cat web_test.yml

- hosts: all

  tasks:

    - name: touch new files

      file:

        path: "/tmp/{{ extra_vars }}"

        state: touch

# 命令行传参

ansible-playbook web_test.yml -e "extra_vars=123"

8.定义变量的优先级

# 命令行

1. extra

# playbook

2. vars

3. vars_files

# inventory

4. host_vars

5. group_vars

6. group_all

# 可通过debug模块测试

- hosts: web

  tasks:

    - name: touch new files

      debug:

        msg: "{{ extra_vars }}"

9.变量注册register

- hosts: web

  tasks:

    - name: Output Nginx Process

      shell: ps aux| grep nginx

      # 注册变量

      register: nginx_process

    - name:

      debug:

        msg: "{{ nginx_process.stdout_lines }}"

10.核心变量 facts

# 查看ansible可调用系统变量

ansible localhost -m setup

# 调用系统变量,查看系统IP

- hosts: web

  tasks:

    - name:

      debug:

        msg: "{{ ansible_eth1.ipv4.address }}"