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[Linux] 使用openssl实现RSA非对称加密
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简单定义:公钥和私钥,加密和解密使用的是两个不同的密钥,所以是非对称
系统:ubuntu 14.04
软件:openssl java php
生成公钥私钥
使用命令生成私钥:
openssl genrsa -out rsa_private_key.pem 1024
参数:genrsa 生成密钥 -out 输出到文件 rsa_private_key.pem 文件名 1024 长度
从私钥中提取公钥:
openssl rsa -in rsa_private_key.pem -pubout -out rsa_public_key.pem
参数: rsa 提取公钥 -in 从文件中读入 rsa_private_key.pem 文件名 -pubout 输出 -out 到文件 rsa_public_key.pem 文件名
shell加解密
新建一个readme.txt 内容是taoshihan
使用公钥加密:
openssl rsautl -encrypt -in readme.txt -inkey rsa_public_key.pem -pubin -out hello.en
参数: rsautl 加解密 -encrypt 加密 -in 从文件输入 readme.txt 文件名 -inkey 输入的密钥 rsa_public_key.pem 上一步生成的公钥 -pubin 表名输入是公钥文件 -out输出到文件 hello.en 输出文件名
使用私钥解密:
openssl rsautl -decrypt -in hello.en -inkey rsa_private_key.pem -out hello.de
参数: -decrypt 解密 -in 从文件输入 hello.en 上一步生成的加密文件 -inkey 输入的密钥 rsa_private_key.pem 上一步生成的私钥 -out输出到文件 hello.de 输出的文件名
cat hello.de // taoshihan
php加解密
$profile="taoshihan";
echo "加密前:{$profile}\n";
//公钥加密
$public_key=file_get_contents("rsa_public_key.pem");
$pub_key = openssl_pkey_get_public($public_key);
openssl_public_encrypt($profile,$encrypted,$pub_key);
$encrypted=base64_encode($encrypted);//因为加密后是乱码,所以base64一下
echo "加密后:\n";
echo $encrypted."\n"; //私钥解密
$private_key=file_get_contents("rsa_private_key.pem");
$pi_key = openssl_pkey_get_private($private_key);
openssl_private_decrypt(base64_decode($encrypted),$decrypted,$pi_key);
echo "解密后:\n";
echo $decrypted."\n";
新建rsa.php的文件
执行后结果:
加密前:taoshihan
加密后:
ShjsdlTceurVfO0ocENqHGl9RXrQRm3vuprqchhuVOdX1ldJC2O2sIvjjpQfPWOkF1WA+tqdyIl9YJQ0/2DqAp4zaqI1TCNsXduGn2iUZQ88g7B5eSI7r/iWKcX527pLe95EBvFMw/D65tlYscI5RClcp3KrOw2fqDQZ3D3nKAI=
解密后:
taoshihan
java加解密:
准备jar包 bcprov-ext-jdk15on-156.jar
wget http://www.bouncycastle.org/download/bcprov-ext-jdk15on-156.jar
RSAEncrypt.java 文件
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.security.InvalidKeyException;
import java.security.KeyFactory;
import java.security.KeyPair;
import java.security.KeyPairGenerator;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.security.SecureRandom;
import java.security.interfaces.RSAPrivateKey;
import java.security.interfaces.RSAPublicKey;
import java.security.spec.InvalidKeySpecException;
import java.security.spec.PKCS8EncodedKeySpec;
import java.security.spec.X509EncodedKeySpec;
import java.security.KeyFactory;
import java.security.interfaces.RSAPrivateKey;
import java.security.spec.RSAPrivateKeySpec; import org.bouncycastle.asn1.ASN1Sequence;
import org.bouncycastle.asn1.pkcs.RSAPrivateKeyStructure; import javax.crypto.BadPaddingException;
import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.IllegalBlockSizeException;
import javax.crypto.NoSuchPaddingException; import org.bouncycastle.jce.provider.BouncyCastleProvider; import sun.misc.BASE64Decoder;
import sun.misc.BASE64Encoder; public class RSAEncrypt {
/**
* 私钥
*/
private RSAPrivateKey privateKey; /**
* 公钥
*/
private RSAPublicKey publicKey; /**
* 字节数据转字符串专用集合
*/
private static final char[] HEX_CHAR= {'0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f'}; /**
* 获取私钥
* @return 当前的私钥对象
*/
public RSAPrivateKey getPrivateKey() {
return privateKey;
} /**
* 获取公钥
* @return 当前的公钥对象
*/
public RSAPublicKey getPublicKey() {
return publicKey;
} /**
* 随机生成密钥对
*/
public void genKeyPair(){
KeyPairGenerator keyPairGen= null;
try {
keyPairGen= KeyPairGenerator.getInstance("RSA");
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
keyPairGen.initialize(1024, new SecureRandom());
KeyPair keyPair= keyPairGen.generateKeyPair();
this.privateKey= (RSAPrivateKey) keyPair.getPrivate();
this.publicKey= (RSAPublicKey) keyPair.getPublic();
} /**
* 从文件中输入流中加载公钥
* @param in 公钥输入流
* @throws Exception 加载公钥时产生的异常
*/
public void loadPublicKey(InputStream in) throws Exception{
try {
BufferedReader br= new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in));
String readLine= null;
StringBuilder sb= new StringBuilder();
while((readLine= br.readLine())!=null){
if(readLine.charAt(0)=='-'){
continue;
}else{
sb.append(readLine);
sb.append('\r');
}
}
loadPublicKey(sb.toString());
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new Exception("公钥数据流读取错误");
} catch (NullPointerException e) {
throw new Exception("公钥输入流为空");
}
} /**
* 从字符串中加载公钥
* @param publicKeyStr 公钥数据字符串
* @throws Exception 加载公钥时产生的异常
*/
public void loadPublicKey(String publicKeyStr) throws Exception{
try {
BASE64Decoder base64Decoder= new BASE64Decoder();
byte[] buffer= base64Decoder.decodeBuffer(publicKeyStr);
KeyFactory keyFactory= KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA");
X509EncodedKeySpec keySpec= new X509EncodedKeySpec(buffer);
this.publicKey= (RSAPublicKey) keyFactory.generatePublic(keySpec);
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
throw new Exception("无此算法");
} catch (InvalidKeySpecException e) {
throw new Exception("公钥非法");
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new Exception("公钥数据内容读取错误");
} catch (NullPointerException e) {
throw new Exception("公钥数据为空");
}
} /**
* 从文件中加载私钥
* @param keyFileName 私钥文件名
* @return 是否成功
* @throws Exception
*/
public void loadPrivateKey(InputStream in) throws Exception{
try {
BufferedReader br= new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in));
String readLine= null;
StringBuilder sb= new StringBuilder();
while((readLine= br.readLine())!=null){
if(readLine.charAt(0)=='-'){
continue;
}else{
sb.append(readLine);
sb.append('\r');
}
}
loadPrivateKey(sb.toString());
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new Exception("私钥数据读取错误");
} catch (NullPointerException e) {
throw new Exception("私钥输入流为空");
}
} public void loadPrivateKey(String privateKeyStr) throws Exception{
try {
BASE64Decoder base64Decoder= new BASE64Decoder();
byte[] buffer= base64Decoder.decodeBuffer(privateKeyStr); RSAPrivateKeyStructure asn1PrivKey = new RSAPrivateKeyStructure((ASN1Sequence) ASN1Sequence.fromByteArray(buffer));
RSAPrivateKeySpec rsaPrivKeySpec = new RSAPrivateKeySpec(asn1PrivKey.getModulus(), asn1PrivKey.getPrivateExponent());
KeyFactory keyFactory= KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA");
RSAPrivateKey priKey=(RSAPrivateKey) keyFactory.generatePrivate(rsaPrivKeySpec);
this.privateKey=priKey; // PKCS8EncodedKeySpec keySpec= new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(buffer);
// KeyFactory keyFactory= KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA");
//this.privateKey= (RSAPrivateKey) keyFactory.generatePrivate(keySpec);
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
throw new Exception("无此算法");
} catch (InvalidKeySpecException e) {
throw new Exception("私钥非法");
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new Exception("私钥数据内容读取错误");
} catch (NullPointerException e) {
throw new Exception("私钥数据为空");
}
} /**
* 加密过程
* @param publicKey 公钥
* @param plainTextData 明文数据
* @return
* @throws Exception 加密过程中的异常信息
*/
public byte[] encrypt(RSAPublicKey publicKey, byte[] plainTextData) throws Exception{
if(publicKey== null){
throw new Exception("加密公钥为空, 请设置");
}
Cipher cipher= null;
try {
cipher= Cipher.getInstance("RSA/ECB/PKCS1Padding", new BouncyCastleProvider());
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, publicKey);
byte[] output= cipher.doFinal(plainTextData);
return output;
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
throw new Exception("无此加密算法");
} catch (NoSuchPaddingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return null;
}catch (InvalidKeyException e) {
throw new Exception("加密公钥非法,请检查");
} catch (IllegalBlockSizeException e) {
throw new Exception("明文长度非法");
} catch (BadPaddingException e) {
throw new Exception("明文数据已损坏");
}
} /**
* 解密过程
* @param privateKey 私钥
* @param cipherData 密文数据
* @return 明文
* @throws Exception 解密过程中的异常信息
*/
public byte[] decrypt(RSAPrivateKey privateKey, byte[] cipherData) throws Exception{
if (privateKey== null){
throw new Exception("解密私钥为空, 请设置");
}
Cipher cipher= null;
try {
cipher= Cipher.getInstance("RSA/ECB/PKCS1Padding", new BouncyCastleProvider());
cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, privateKey);
byte[] output= cipher.doFinal(cipherData);
return output;
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
throw new Exception("无此解密算法");
} catch (NoSuchPaddingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return null;
}catch (InvalidKeyException e) {
throw new Exception("解密私钥非法,请检查");
} catch (IllegalBlockSizeException e) {
throw new Exception("密文长度非法");
} catch (BadPaddingException e) {
throw new Exception("密文数据已损坏");
}
} /**
* 字节数据转十六进制字符串
* @param data 输入数据
* @return 十六进制内容
*/
public static String byteArrayToString(byte[] data){
StringBuilder stringBuilder= new StringBuilder();
for (int i=0; i<data.length; i++){
//取出字节的高四位 作为索引得到相应的十六进制标识符 注意无符号右移
stringBuilder.append(HEX_CHAR[(data[i] & 0xf0)>>> 4]);
//取出字节的低四位 作为索引得到相应的十六进制标识符
stringBuilder.append(HEX_CHAR[(data[i] & 0x0f)]);
if (i<data.length-1){
stringBuilder.append(' ');
}
}
return stringBuilder.toString();
} public static void main(String[] args){
RSAEncrypt rsaEncrypt= new RSAEncrypt();
//加载公钥
try {
rsaEncrypt.loadPublicKey(new FileInputStream("rsa_public_key.pem"));
System.out.println("加载公钥成功");
} catch (Exception e) {
System.err.println(e.getMessage());
System.err.println("加载公钥失败");
} //加载私钥
try {
rsaEncrypt.loadPrivateKey(new FileInputStream("rsa_private_key.pem"));
System.out.println("加载私钥成功");
} catch (Exception e) {
System.err.println(e.getMessage());
System.err.println("加载私钥失败");
} //测试字符串
String encryptStr= "taoshihan";
System.out.println("加密前:");
System.out.println(encryptStr);
try {
//加密
byte[] cipher = rsaEncrypt.encrypt(rsaEncrypt.getPublicKey(), encryptStr.getBytes());
//解密
byte[] plainText = rsaEncrypt.decrypt(rsaEncrypt.getPrivateKey(), cipher);
BASE64Encoder encode = new BASE64Encoder();
String buffer= encode.encode(cipher);
System.out.println("加密后:");
System.out.println(new String(buffer));
System.out.println("解密后:");
System.out.println(new String(plainText));
} catch (Exception e) {
System.err.println(e.getMessage());
}
}
}
带包编译和执行
javac -cp bcprov-ext-jdk15on-156.jar RSAEncrypt.java
java -cp .:bcprov-ext-jdk15on-156.jar RSAEncrypt
执行结果:
加载公钥成功
加载私钥成功
加密前:
taoshihan
加密后:
Tt1p5XnamZkkVjGn1cVgEIb7U+CP27Xw93JQQUZyc2Up/rJL4Mx+dA8mxkva1a/I64sUTb7QD//8
gbss4bZY/DHrLityTt2/QjjQUFYD5/Aa1m1QKUBulWY4/C5so5dm6wrRnjolsIFUbY+RfH4B6hp1
taQGBRDum/xEX6OsJ9I=
解密后:
taoshihan
shell使用公钥加密,php使用私钥解密
shell:
openssl rsautl -encrypt -in readme.txt -inkey rsa_public_key.pem -pubin|base64 加密后的字符串 lNJ50ODiofcp+adrtAI943HOsjdDTg3UMfUkt0NI7DhUjxCM+NAlBH08WVQRtYK9W8ZoQOta3QH6
PzmJT4WsI0yfNGiUWYgoYgSOtPURSQMbaCt3DM2Y5mEKqzbKLrhN+S+9Jrtmef1VuBUes8wN6rOD
UHxI+vDwQ+utRJRRo9U=
php:
<?php
$encrypted="lNJ50ODiofcp+adrtAI943HOsjdDTg3UMfUkt0NI7DhUjxCM+NAlBH08WVQRtYK9W8ZoQOta3QH6
PzmJT4WsI0yfNGiUWYgoYgSOtPURSQMbaCt3DM2Y5mEKqzbKLrhN+S+9Jrtmef1VuBUes8wN6rOD
UHxI+vDwQ+utRJRRo9U=";
echo $encrypted."\n"; //私钥解密
$private_key=file_get_contents("rsa_private_key.pem");
$pi_key = openssl_pkey_get_private($private_key);
openssl_private_decrypt(base64_decode($encrypted),$decrypted,$pi_key);
echo "解密后:\n";
echo $decrypted."\n";
执行结果:
lNJ50ODiofcp+adrtAI943HOsjdDTg3UMfUkt0NI7DhUjxCM+NAlBH08WVQRtYK9W8ZoQOta3QH6
PzmJT4WsI0yfNGiUWYgoYgSOtPURSQMbaCt3DM2Y5mEKqzbKLrhN+S+9Jrtmef1VuBUes8wN6rOD
UHxI+vDwQ+utRJRRo9U=
解密后:
taoshihan
java使用公钥加密,php解密:
拿上一步java生成的加密后字符串
<?php
$encrypted="Tt1p5XnamZkkVjGn1cVgEIb7U+CP27Xw93JQQUZyc2Up/rJL4Mx+dA8mxkva1a/I64sUTb7QD//8
gbss4bZY/DHrLityTt2/QjjQUFYD5/Aa1m1QKUBulWY4/C5so5dm6wrRnjolsIFUbY+RfH4B6hp1
taQGBRDum/xEX6OsJ9I=";
echo $encrypted."\n"; //私钥解密
$private_key=file_get_contents("rsa_private_key.pem");
$pi_key = openssl_pkey_get_private($private_key);
openssl_private_decrypt(base64_decode($encrypted),$decrypted,$pi_key);
echo "解密后:\n";
echo $decrypted."\n";
执行结果:
Tt1p5XnamZkkVjGn1cVgEIb7U+CP27Xw93JQQUZyc2Up/rJL4Mx+dA8mxkva1a/I64sUTb7QD//8
gbss4bZY/DHrLityTt2/QjjQUFYD5/Aa1m1QKUBulWY4/C5so5dm6wrRnjolsIFUbY+RfH4B6hp1
taQGBRDum/xEX6OsJ9I=
解密后:
taoshihan
