一个通用Makefile的编写

 #############################################################

 # Generic Makefile for C/C++ Program

 #

 # License: GPL (General Public License)

 # Author:  whyglinux <whyglinux AT gmail DOT com>

 # Date:    2006/03/04 (version 0.1)

 #          2007/03/24 (version 0.2)

 #          2007/04/09 (version 0.3)

 #          2007/06/26 (version 0.4)

 #          2008/04/05 (version 0.5)

 #

 # Description:

 # ------------

 # This is an easily customizable makefile template. The purpose is to

 # provide an instant building environment for C/C++ programs.

 #

 # It searches all the C/C++ source files in the specified directories,

 # makes dependencies, compiles and links to form an executable.

 #

 # Besides its default ability to build C/C++ programs which use only

 # standard C/C++ libraries, you can customize the Makefile to build

 # those using other libraries. Once done, without any changes you can

 # then build programs using the same or less libraries, even if source

 # files are renamed, added or removed. Therefore, it is particularly

 # convenient to use it to build codes for experimental or study use.

 #

 # GNU make is expected to use the Makefile. Other versions of makes

 # may or may not work.

 #

 # Usage:

 # ------

 # 1. Copy the Makefile to your program directory.

 # 2. Customize in the "Customizable Section" only if necessary:

 #    * to use non-standard C/C++ libraries, set pre-processor or compiler

 #      options to <MY_CFLAGS> and linker ones to <MY_LIBS>

 #      (See Makefile.gtk+-2.0 for an example)

 #    * to search sources in more directories, set to <SRCDIRS>

 #    * to specify your favorite program name, set to <PROGRAM>

 # 3. Type make to start building your program.

 #

 # Make Target:

 # ------------

 # The Makefile provides the following targets to make:

 #   $ make           compile and link

 #   $ make NODEP=yes compile and link without generating dependencies

 #   $ make objs      compile only (no linking)

 #   $ make tags      create tags for Emacs editor

 #   $ make ctags     create ctags for VI editor

 #   $ make clean     clean objects and the executable file

 #   $ make distclean clean objects, the executable and dependencies

 #   $ make help      get the usage of the makefile

 #

 #===========================================================================

 ## Customizable Section: adapt those variables to suit your program.

 ##==========================================================================

 # The pre-processor and compiler options.

 MY_CFLAGS =

 # The linker options.

 MY_LIBS   =

 # The pre-processor options used by the cpp (man cpp for more).

 CPPFLAGS  = -Wall

 # The options used in linking as well as in any direct use of ld.

 LDFLAGS   =

 # The directories in which source files reside.

 # If not specified, only the current directory will be serached.

 SRCDIRS   =

 # The executable file name.

 # If not specified, current directory name or `a.out' will be used.

 PROGRAM   =

 ## Implicit Section: change the following only when necessary.

 ##==========================================================================

 # The source file types (headers excluded).

 # .c indicates C source files, and others C++ ones.

 SRCEXTS = .c .C .cc .cpp .CPP .c++ .cxx .cp

 # The header file types.

 HDREXTS = .h .H .hh .hpp .HPP .h++ .hxx .hp

 # The pre-processor and compiler options.

 # Users can override those variables from the command line.

 CFLAGS  = -g -O2

 CXXFLAGS= -g -O2

 # The C program compiler.

 #CC     = gcc

 # The C++ program compiler.

 #CXX    = g++

 # Un-comment the following line to compile C programs as C++ ones.

 #CC     = $(CXX)

 # The command used to delete file.

 #RM     = rm -f

 ETAGS = etags

 ETAGSFLAGS =

 CTAGS = ctags

 CTAGSFLAGS =

 ## Stable Section: usually no need to be changed. But you can add more.

 ##==========================================================================

 SHELL   = /bin/sh

 EMPTY   =

 SPACE   = $(EMPTY) $(EMPTY)

 ifeq ($(PROGRAM),)

   CUR_PATH_NAMES = $(subst /,$(SPACE),$(subst $(SPACE),_,$(CURDIR)))

   PROGRAM = $(word $(words $(CUR_PATH_NAMES)),$(CUR_PATH_NAMES))

   ifeq ($(PROGRAM),)

     PROGRAM = a.out

   endif

 endif

 ifeq ($(SRCDIRS),)

   SRCDIRS = .

 endif

 SOURCES = $(foreach d,$(SRCDIRS),$(wildcard $(addprefix $(d)/*,$(SRCEXTS))))

 HEADERS = $(foreach d,$(SRCDIRS),$(wildcard $(addprefix $(d)/*,$(HDREXTS))))

 SRC_CXX = $(filter-out %.c,$(SOURCES))

 OBJS    = $(addsuffix .o, $(basename $(SOURCES)))

 DEPS    = $(OBJS:.o=.d)

 ## Define some useful variables.

 DEP_OPT = $(shell if `$(CC) --version | grep "GCC" >/dev/null`; then \

                   echo "-MM -MP"; else echo "-M"; fi )

 DEPEND      = $(CC)  $(DEP_OPT)  $(MY_CFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS)

 DEPEND.d    = $(subst -g ,,$(DEPEND))

 COMPILE.c   = $(CC)  $(MY_CFLAGS) $(CFLAGS)   $(CPPFLAGS) -c

 COMPILE.cxx = $(CXX) $(MY_CFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) -c

 LINK.c      = $(CC)  $(MY_CFLAGS) $(CFLAGS)   $(CPPFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS)

 LINK.cxx    = $(CXX) $(MY_CFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS)

 .PHONY: all objs tags ctags clean distclean help show

 # Delete the default suffixes

 .SUFFIXES:

 all: $(PROGRAM)

 # Rules for creating dependency files (.d).

 #------------------------------------------

 %.d:%.c

     @echo -n $(dir $<) > $@

     @$(DEPEND.d) $< >> $@

 %.d:%.C

     @echo -n $(dir $<) > $@

     @$(DEPEND.d) $< >> $@

 %.d:%.cc

     @echo -n $(dir $<) > $@

     @$(DEPEND.d) $< >> $@

 %.d:%.cpp

     @echo -n $(dir $<) > $@

     @$(DEPEND.d) $< >> $@

 %.d:%.CPP

     @echo -n $(dir $<) > $@

     @$(DEPEND.d) $< >> $@

 %.d:%.c++

     @echo -n $(dir $<) > $@

     @$(DEPEND.d) $< >> $@

 %.d:%.cp

     @echo -n $(dir $<) > $@

     @$(DEPEND.d) $< >> $@

 %.d:%.cxx

     @echo -n $(dir $<) > $@

     @$(DEPEND.d) $< >> $@

 # Rules for generating object files (.o).

 #----------------------------------------

 objs:$(OBJS)

 %.o:%.c

     $(COMPILE.c) $< -o $@

 %.o:%.C

     $(COMPILE.cxx) $< -o $@

 %.o:%.cc

     $(COMPILE.cxx) $< -o $@

 %.o:%.cpp

     $(COMPILE.cxx) $< -o $@

 %.o:%.CPP

     $(COMPILE.cxx) $< -o $@

 %.o:%.c++

     $(COMPILE.cxx) $< -o $@

 %.o:%.cp

     $(COMPILE.cxx) $< -o $@

 %.o:%.cxx

     $(COMPILE.cxx) $< -o $@

 # Rules for generating the tags.

 #-------------------------------------

 tags: $(HEADERS) $(SOURCES)

     $(ETAGS) $(ETAGSFLAGS) $(HEADERS) $(SOURCES)

 ctags: $(HEADERS) $(SOURCES)

     $(CTAGS) $(CTAGSFLAGS) $(HEADERS) $(SOURCES)

 # Rules for generating the executable.

 #-------------------------------------

 $(PROGRAM):$(OBJS)

 ifeq ($(SRC_CXX),)              # C program

     $(LINK.c)   $(OBJS) $(MY_LIBS) -o $@

     @echo Type ./$@ to execute the program.

 else                            # C++ program

     $(LINK.cxx) $(OBJS) $(MY_LIBS) -o $@

     @echo Type ./$@ to execute the program.

 endif

 ifndef NODEP

 ifneq ($(DEPS),)

   sinclude $(DEPS)

 endif

 endif

 clean:

     $(RM) $(OBJS) $(PROGRAM) $(PROGRAM).exe

 distclean: clean

     $(RM) $(DEPS) TAGS

 # Show help.

 help:

     @echo 'Generic Makefile for C/C++ Programs (gcmakefile) version 0.5'

     @echo 'Copyright (C) 2007, 2008 whyglinux <whyglinux@hotmail.com>'

     @echo

     @echo 'Usage: make [TARGET]'

     @echo 'TARGETS:'

     @echo '  all       (=make) compile and link.'

     @echo '  NODEP=yes make without generating dependencies.'

     @echo '  objs      compile only (no linking).'

     @echo '  tags      create tags for Emacs editor.'

     @echo '  ctags     create ctags for VI editor.'

     @echo '  clean     clean objects and the executable file.'

     @echo '  distclean clean objects, the executable and dependencies.'

     @echo '  show      show variables (for debug use only).'

     @echo '  help      print this message.'

     @echo

     @echo 'Report bugs to <whyglinux AT gmail DOT com>.'

 # Show variables (for debug use only.)

 show:

     @echo 'PROGRAM     :' $(PROGRAM)

     @echo 'SRCDIRS     :' $(SRCDIRS)

     @echo 'HEADERS     :' $(HEADERS)

     @echo 'SOURCES     :' $(SOURCES)

     @echo 'SRC_CXX     :' $(SRC_CXX)

     @echo 'OBJS        :' $(OBJS)

     @echo 'DEPS        :' $(DEPS)

     @echo 'DEPEND      :' $(DEPEND)

     @echo 'COMPILE.c   :' $(COMPILE.c)

     @echo 'COMPILE.cxx :' $(COMPILE.cxx)

     @echo 'link.c      :' $(LINK.c)

     @echo 'link.cxx    :' $(LINK.cxx)

 ## End of the Makefile ##  Suggestions are welcome  ## All rights reserved ##

 ##############################################################

/* File name: hello.h

 * C header file

 */

#ifndef HELLO_H

#define HELLO_H

#ifdef __cplusplus

extern "C" {

#endif

  void print_hello();

#ifdef __cplusplus

}

#endif

#endif

/* File name: hello.c

 * C source file.

 */

#include "hello.h"

#include <stdio.h>

void print_hello()

{

  puts( "Hello, world!" );

}

/* File name: main.cxx

 * C++ source file.

 */

#include "hello.h"

int main()

{

  print_hello();

  return 0;

}