Alpine Linux：如何配置GUI的图形桌面环境：x Desktop Environment

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alpine linux 真是不错。小巧、迅捷！

官方的各个版本的alpine镜像内没有带图形环境的。那我们如何构建自己的桌面图形环境呢？

其实：这个问题，在起官网的wiki内有指南，我们根据那些相关文档就可以自己搭建！

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step 1：

localhost:~# setup-xorg-base
fetch http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/alpine/v3.11/main/x86_64/APKINDEX.tar.gz
fetch http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/alpine/v3.11/community/x86_64/APKINDEX.tar.gz
Executing busybox-1.31.1-r9.trigger
Executing eudev-3.2.9-r1.trigger1025-r0)
OK: 101 MiB in 60 packageslibs (3.6.2-r1) Installing xf86-video-vmware (13.3.0-r0)
Executing busybox-1.31.1-r9.trigger
Executing mkfontscale-1.2.1-r1.trigger
Executing fontconfig-2.13.1-r2.trigger
OK: 190 MiB in 123 packages
* Caching service dependencies ...                                                         [ ok ]
* Starting udev ...                                                                        [ ok ]
* Generating a rule to create a /dev/root symlink ...                                      [ ok ]
* Populating /dev with existing devices through uevents ...                                [ ok ]
* Waiting for uevents to be processed ...                                                  [ ok ]
localhost:~#

step 2：

localhost:~# apk add xf86-input-keyboard xf86-input-mouse xf86-video-vmware xf86-input-vmmouse
(1/3) Installing xf86-input-keyboard (1.9.0-r1)
(2/3) Installing xf86-input-mouse (1.9.3-r1)
(3/3) Installing xf86-input-vmmouse (13.1.0-r4)
Executing busybox-1.31.1-r9.trigger
Executing eudev-3.2.9-r1.trigger
OK: 191 MiB in 128 packages
localhost:~#

step 3：

localhost:~# apk add dbus
(1/3) Installing dbus-libs (1.12.16-r2)
(2/3) Installing dbus (1.12.16-r2)
Executing dbus-1.12.16-r2.pre-install
(3/3) Installing dbus-openrc (1.12.16-r2)
Executing busybox-1.31.1-r9.trigger
OK: 192 MiB in 131 packages
localhost:~# rc-service dbus start
* Caching service dependencies ... [ ok ]
* Starting System Message Bus ...
localhost:~# rc-update add dbus
* service dbus added to runlevel default

step 4：

l  Installing lightdm-openrc (1.30.0-r0)
Executing busybox-1.31.1-r9.trigger
Executing dbus-1.12.16-r2.trigger
Executing fontconfig-2.13.1-r2.trigger
Executing shared-mime-info-1.15-r0.trigger
Executing gdk-pixbuf-2.40.0-r0.trigger
Executing gtk-update-icon-cache-2.24.32-r1.trigger
Executing mkfontscale-1.2.1-r1.trigger
OK: 332 MiB in 180 packages
localhost:~#
localhost:~# rc-service lightdm start
* Caching service dependencies ... [ ok ]
* /run/lightdm: creating directory
* /run/lightdm: correcting owner
* Starting Display Manager ... [ ok ]
localhost:~# rc-update add lightdm
* service lightdm added to runlevel default
localhost:~#
localhost:/var/log/lightdm# apk add lightdm-gtk-greeter
(1/1) Installing lightdm-gtk-greeter (2.0.7-r0)
Executing busybox-1.31.1-r9.trigger
Executing gtk-update-icon-cache-2.24.32-r1.trigger
OK: 389 MiB in 235 packages
localhost:/var/log/lightdm#

step 5：

localhost:/etc/apk# apk add xfce4
(/) Installing libxfce4util (4.14.-r0)
(/) Installing exo-libs (0.12.-r0)
(/) Installing xcb-util (0.4.-r1)
(/) Installing startup-notification (0.12-r3)
(/) Installing xfconf (4.14.-r0)
(/) Installing libxfce4ui-gtk3 (4.14.-r0)
(/) Installing exo (0.12.-r0)
(/) Installing libxfce4ui (4.14.-r0)
(/) Installing garcon (0.6.-r0)
(/) Installing desktop-file-utils (0.24-r0)
(/) Installing libexif (0.6.-r3)
(/) Installing libgudev (-r0)
(/) Installing libnotify (0.7.-r0)
(/) Installing libxres (1.2.-r1)
(/) Installing libwnck3 (3.32.-r1)
(/) Installing xfce4-panel (4.14.-r0)
(/) Installing thunar (1.8.-r0)
Executing thunar-1.8.-r0.post-install
(/) Installing ca-certificates (-r0)
(/) Installing nghttp2-libs (1.40.-r0)
(/) Installing libcurl (7.67.-r0)
(/) Installing lcms2 (2.9-r1)
(/) Installing openjpeg (2.3.-r2)
(/) Installing poppler (0.82.-r1)
(/) Installing poppler-glib (0.82.-r1)
(/) Installing tumbler (0.2.-r1)
(/) Installing ttf-dejavu (2.37-r1)
(/) Installing xfce4-appfinder (4.14.-r0)
(/) Installing libusb (1.0.-r0)
(/) Installing upower (0.99.-r0)
(/) Installing xfce4-power-manager (1.6.-r0)
(/) Installing iceauth (1.0.-r0)
(/) Installing dbus-x11 (1.12.-r2)
(/) Installing xfce4-session (4.14.-r0)
(/) Installing xfce4-settings (4.14.-r0)
(/) Installing xfdesktop (4.14.-r0)
(/) Installing libxpresent (1.0.-r0)
(/) Installing xfwm4 (4.14.-r0)
(/) Installing xfce4 (.14_pre1-r0)
Executing busybox-1.31.-r9.trigger
Executing eudev-3.2.-r1.trigger
Executing fontconfig-2.13.-r2.trigger
Executing gtk-update-icon-cache-2.24.-r1.trigger
Executing mkfontscale-1.2.-r1.trigger
Executing desktop-file-utils-0.24-r0.trigger
Executing ca-certificates--r0.trigger
OK: MiB in packages
localhost:/etc/apk#

step 6：重启
step 7：在控制台中执行：startx 或 startxfce4

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http://wiki.alpinelinux.org/wiki/Tutorials_and_Howtos 之第5章： 5 Desktop Environment

里面详细描述了以下桌面环境的安装配置，我们参照执行即可：

Desktop Environment

Awesome(wm) Setup
EyeOS (Cloud Computing Desktop)
Gnome Setup
MATE Setup
Oneye (Cloud Computing Desktop - Dropbox Alternative)
Owncloud (Cloud Computing Desktop - Dropbox Alternative)
- (to be merged with OwnCloud (Your personal Cloud for storing and sharing your data on-line))
Remote Desktop Server
Suspend on LID close
XFCE Setup and Desktop Ideas
Installing Adobe flash player for Firefox
Sound Setup
Printer Setup
Default applications

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我成功搭建了 mate、xfce4、remote desktop server （隐含 vino VNC 环境）环境。

提示：

1：安装xfce4桌面环境，特别要注意需要安装 xfce4-notifyd 组件，否则应用的弹出信息看不到！比如后续安装xrdp就一致无法成功，原因在此。

2：必须安装一个linux的x登录shell环境：如 lxdm，否则只能手工startx。todo：alpine内容如何直接执行startx代替默认的openrc 文本登录界面，待解决。

3：lxdm安装后，需要通过rc-update add lxdm服务，否则如同2，不能自动打开lxdm的登录界面

4：lxdm 如何让root或其他用户登录，并自动运行某些服务或程序？

修改：/etc/lxdm/lxdm.conf 文件实现自动用户登录

[base]
## uncomment and set autologin username to enable autologin
autologin=root ## uncomment and set timeout to enable timeout autologin,
## the value should >=5
# timeout=10 ## default session or desktop used when no systemwide config
# session=/usr/bin/startlxde

## uncomment and set to set numlock on your keyboard
# numlock=0 ## set this if you don't want to put xauth file at ~/.Xauthority
# xauth_path=/tmp # not ask password for users who have empty password
# skip_password=1

修改：/etc/lxdm/PostLogin 文件实现登录用户后，自动运行服务或程序。我自动开启xrdp服务的配置如下

#!/bin/sh
#
# Note: this is a sample and will not be run as is.rc-service xrdp restart
rc-service xrdp-sesman restart
rc-service vino restart

ok。到此结束！