Kubernetes之使用kubeadm部署

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参考：https://www.cnblogs.com/caoxb/p/11243472.html

部署需要的脚本下载

git clone https://gitee.com/liuyueming/k8s-kubeadm.git

部署虚拟机规划

192.168.1.11 k8s-master
192.168.1.12 k8s-node1
192.168.1.13 k8s-node2

备注：第1步~第8步，所有的节点都要操作，第9、10步Master节点操作，第11步Node节点操作。

如果第9、10、11步操作失败，可以通过 kubeadm reset 命令来清理环境重新安装。

1,关闭防火墙

systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld

2,关闭selinux

setenforce 0

修改

/etc/selinux/config

修改

SELINUX=disabled

3，关闭swapoff

swapoff -a

查看是否关闭

free

4，设置主机名和hosts

修改主机名并修改/etc/hosts

192.168.1.11 k8s-master
192.168.1.12 k8s-node1
192.168.1.13 k8s-node2

5,将桥接的IPV4流量传递到iptables的链

#cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf << EOF
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
EOF
#sysctl --system

6,安装docker

设置国内源并且安装

# wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo -O/etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo
#yum -y install docker-ce-18.06.1.ce-3.el7

启动

#systemctl enable docker
#systemctl start docker

查看版本

docker info

7，添加阿里云YUM软件源

cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
repo_gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF

8，安装kubeadm，kubelet和kubectl

在部署kubernetes时，要求master node和worker node上的版本保持一致，否则会出现版本不匹配导致奇怪的问题出现。本文将介绍如何在CentOS系统上，使用yum安装指定版本的Kubernetes。

本次指定安装1.15.0版本

yum -y install kubelet-1.15.0 kubeadm-1.15.0 kubectl-1.15.0

9，部署kubernetes master

初始化kubeadm

kubeadm init \
--apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.1.11 \
--image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers \
--kubernetes-version v1.15.0 \
--service-cidr=10.1.0.0/16 \
--pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16

PS：--apiserver-advertise-address参数指定master主机ip

--image-repository指定源为阿里云

--kubernetes-version指定版本号
--service-cidr#指定proxy的网段

--pod-network-cidr指定pod的网段

出现以下提示表示初始化正确

建议至少2 cpu ,2G

查看镜像

docker images

使用kubectl工具，按照提示执行以下命令

mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

设置自启动

systemctl status kubelet
systemctl start kubelet

PS：kubeadm不是需要开机启动kubelet否则集群不启动

下面可以使用kubectl命令了

kubectl get node

是没有准备状态

10，安装Pod网络插件

kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/a70459be0084506e4ec919aa1c114638878db11b/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml

如提示无法无法连接设置host

151.101.72.133 raw.githubusercontent.com

查看部署是否成功

kubectl get pods -n kube-system

如果下载镜像或者其他原因导致没有正常running可以删除在试一次

kubectl delete -f kube-flannel.yml

等一会再查看

master处于准备好状态

如果安装失败了重新清理环境再次安装

kubeadm reset

需要输入y确定

11，node加入集群

在node节点输入

kubeadm join 192.168.1.11:6443 --token xzkdip.74o642dhjuuw68ud \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:d695ea721c93c54c38579f69ac8f4e2adec3c7b457f75bc6689e806ad39d1b81

通过master节点查看node发现已经加入集群

如果没有显示Ready状态可以在master查看

两个node节点的flannel需要显示Running状态如果是其他错误状态可能是网络原因导致镜像未下载，需要在node节点重置一下再运行加入集群命令

kubeadm reset

12，测试kubernetes集群

在master上面创建运行

#创建一个deployment名称为nginx使用镜像未nginx
kubectl create deployment nginx --image=nginx
#创建一个service对应的deloyment为nginx 集群内部端口为80对外使用NodePort暴露端口
kubectl expose deployment nginx --port=80 --type=NodePort
#查看pod和svc
kubectl get pod,svc

如果pod无法启动可以使用以下命令查看日志判断原因，最后参数为pod名称

kubectl describe pod nginx-554b9c67f9-9kv6x

通过web页面访问

http://192.168.1.11:30130/

13，安装dashboard

下载dashboard.yaml

wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v1.10.1/src/deploy/recommended/kubernetes-dashboard.yaml

修改

修改后的文档内容

# Copyright 2017 The Kubernetes Authors.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.# ------------------- Dashboard Secret ------------------- #apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
namespace: kube-system
type: Opaque---
# ------------------- Dashboard Service Account ------------------- #apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard
namespace: kube-system---
# ------------------- Dashboard Role & Role Binding ------------------- #kind: Role
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
name: kubernetes-dashboard-minimal
namespace: kube-system
rules:
# Allow Dashboard to create 'kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder' secret.
- apiGroups: [""]
resources: ["secrets"]
verbs: ["create"]
# Allow Dashboard to create 'kubernetes-dashboard-settings' config map.
- apiGroups: [""]
resources: ["configmaps"]
verbs: ["create"]
# Allow Dashboard to get, update and delete Dashboard exclusive secrets.
- apiGroups: [""]
resources: ["secrets"]
resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder", "kubernetes-dashboard-certs"]
verbs: ["get", "update", "delete"]
# Allow Dashboard to get and update 'kubernetes-dashboard-settings' config map.
- apiGroups: [""]
resources: ["configmaps"]
resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-settings"]
verbs: ["get", "update"]
# Allow Dashboard to get metrics from heapster.
- apiGroups: [""]
resources: ["services"]
resourceNames: ["heapster"]
verbs: ["proxy"]
- apiGroups: [""]
resources: ["services/proxy"]
resourceNames: ["heapster", "http:heapster:", "https:heapster:"]
verbs: ["get"]---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
name: kubernetes-dashboard-minimal
namespace: kube-system
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: Role
name: kubernetes-dashboard-minimal
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: kubernetes-dashboard
namespace: kube-system---
# ------------------- Dashboard Deployment ------------------- #kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard
namespace: kube-system
spec:
replicas: 1
revisionHistoryLimit: 10
selector:
matchLabels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
template:
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
containers:
- name: kubernetes-dashboard
#image: k8s.gcr.io/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.10.1
image: lizhenliang/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.10.1
ports:
- containerPort: 8443
protocol: TCP
args:
- --auto-generate-certificates
# Uncomment the following line to manually specify Kubernetes API server Host
# If not specified, Dashboard will attempt to auto discover the API server and connect
# to it. Uncomment only if the default does not work.
# - --apiserver-host=http://my-address:port
volumeMounts:
- name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
mountPath: /certs
# Create on-disk volume to store exec logs
- mountPath: /tmp
name: tmp-volume
livenessProbe:
httpGet:
scheme: HTTPS
path: /
port: 8443
initialDelaySeconds: 30
timeoutSeconds: 30
volumes:
- name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
secret:
secretName: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
- name: tmp-volume
emptyDir: {}
serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard
# Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master
tolerations:
- key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
effect: NoSchedule---
# ------------------- Dashboard Service ------------------- #kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard
namespace: kube-system
spec:
type: NodePort
ports:
- port: 443
targetPort: 8443
nodePort: 30001
selector:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard