.Net 通过设置Access-Control-Allow-Origin来实现跨域访问

# 前言

.Net 通过设置Access-Control-Allow-Origin来实现跨域访问，具体哪里可以设置Access-Control-Allow-Origin呢？

1. web.config中可以设置;
2. 在IIS服务器站点的功能视图中设置HTTP响应标头;
3. 通过nginx代理服务器进行设置;
4. 在每个api接口上添加响应头；
5. 写一个拦截器，应用到所有控制器上，在拦截器里控制来访域名，动态设置Access-Control-Allow-Origin的值；

本文主要详细说下第四种和第五种方式，第五种方式也是对第四种方式的一种封装；

# 为每个API接口单独添加响应头

1、针对 ASP.NET MVC 项目的Controllers

public class Default1Controller : Controller
{
public ActionResult Test()
{
ControllerContext.HttpContext.Response.Headers.Add("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "*");
/*
--Your code
*/
return Json("hello");
}
}


2、针对 ASP.NET Web API项目的Controllers

public class TestController : ApiController
{
public HttpResponseMessage Get(int id)
{
var response = Request.CreateResponse(HttpStatusCode.OK, new {Name="lily",age=10}); response.Headers.Add("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "*");
//response.Headers.Add("X-Pagination", "TestHeader");
//response.Headers.Add("Access-Control-Expose-Headers", "X-Pagination");
return response;
}
}

3、针对ASP.NET Web Forms项目中的处理程序

public class TestHandler : IHttpHandler
{
public void ProcessRequest(HttpContext context)
{
context.Response.AddHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "http://example.com");
context.Response.AddHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Headers", "*");
context.Response.AddHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Methods", "GET, POST, OPTIONS");
context.Response.AddHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Credentials", "true"); //context.Response.AddHeader("TestHeaderToExpose", "test");
//context.Response.AddHeader("Access-Control-Expose-Headers", "TestHeaderToExpose"); context.Response.ContentType = "text/plain";
context.Response.Write("Hello World");
} public bool IsReusable
{
get
{
return false;
}
}
}

# 封装一个拦截器，便于应用到控制器及接口上

1、针对 ASP.NET MVC 项目的Controllers

创建一个attribute：

using System.Web.Mvc;namespace AllowCross.App_Code
{
public class AllowCrossSiteJsonAttribute : ActionFilterAttribute
{
public override void OnActionExecuting(ActionExecutingContext filterContext)
{
filterContext.RequestContext.HttpContext.Response.AddHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "*"); //actionExecutedContext.Response.Headers.Add("Access-Control-Allow-Methods", "GET, POST, OPTIONS");
//actionExecutedContext.Response.Headers.Add("Access-Control-Allow-Headers", "*");
//actionExecutedContext.Response.Headers.Add("Access-Control-Allow-Credentials", "true");
//context.Response.AddHeader("TestHeader", "test");
//actionExecutedContext.Response.Headers.Add("Access-Control-Expose-Headers", "TestHeader");
base.OnActionExecuting(filterContext);
}
}
}


将该attribute添加到action上：

using AllowCross.App_Code;namespace AllowCross.Controllers
{
public class Default1Controller : Controller
{
[AllowCrossSiteJson]
public ActionResult Test()
{
return Json("hello");
}
}
}


2、针对 ASP.NET Web API项目

创建一个attribute：

using System.Web.Http.Filters;namespace WepApiTest.App_Code
{
public class AllowCrossSiteJsonAttribute : ActionFilterAttribute
{
public override void OnActionExecuted(HttpActionExecutedContext actionExecutedContext)
{
if (actionExecutedContext.Response != null)
{
actionExecutedContext.Response.Headers.Add("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "*");
//actionExecutedContext.Response.Headers.Add("Access-Control-Allow-Methods", "GET, POST, OPTIONS");
//actionExecutedContext.Response.Headers.Add("Access-Control-Allow-Headers", "*");
//actionExecutedContext.Response.Headers.Add("Access-Control-Allow-Credentials", "true");
//context.Response.AddHeader("TestHeader", "test");
//actionExecutedContext.Response.Headers.Add("Access-Control-Expose-Headers", "TestHeader");
} base.OnActionExecuted(actionExecutedContext);
}
}
}


将该attribute添加到acion上：

using WepApiTest.App_Code;namespace WepApiTest.Controllers
{
public class DefaultController : ApiController
{
[AllowCrossSiteJson]
public IEnumerable<string> Get()
{
return new string[] { "value1", "value2" };
}
}
}


也可以将该attribute添加到整个controller上：

using WepApiTest.App_Code;namespace WepApiTest.Controllers
{
[AllowCrossSiteJson]
public class DefaultController : ApiController
{
public IEnumerable<string> Get()
{
return new string[] { "value1", "value2" };
}
}
}


3、针对 ASP.NET Web API 2 还可以使用库：Microsoft.AspNet.WebApi.Cors

3.1 使用nuget安装Microsoft.AspNet.WebApi.Cors

使用命令：

Install-Package Microsoft.AspNet.WebApi.Cors


使用管理器：

3.2 打开App_Start/WebApiConfig.cs文件，在WebApiConfig.Register方法中配置WebApi.Cors

public static class WebApiConfig
{
public static void Register(HttpConfiguration config)
{
//配置WebApi.Cors
config.EnableCors(); config.MapHttpAttributeRoutes();
config.Routes.MapHttpRoute(
name: "DefaultApi",
routeTemplate: "api/{controller}/{id}",
defaults: new { id = RouteParameter.Optional }
);
}
}

3.3 在Controller上添加[EnableCors]属性

using System.Web.Http;
using System.Web.Http.Cors;namespace WepApiTest.Controllers
{
[EnableCors(origins: "http://WepApiTest.com", headers: "*", methods: "*")]
public class TestController : ApiController
{
// GET: api/Test
public IEnumerable<string> Get()
{
return new string[] { "value1", "value2" };
}
}
}


3.3 在Controller中的action上添加[EnableCors]属性

using System.Web.Http;
using System.Web.Http.Cors;namespace WepApiTest.Controllers
{
public class TestController : ApiController
{
// GET: api/Test
[EnableCors(origins: "http://WepApiTest.com", headers: "*", methods: "*")]
public IEnumerable<string> Get()
{
return new string[] { "value1", "value2" };
}
}
}


3.4 如果想应用到所有的api controller上，在WebApiConfig.Register方法中进行如下配置

using System.Web.Http;
using System.Web.Http.Cors;namespace WebApplication2
{
public static class WebApiConfig
{
public static void Register(HttpConfiguration config)
{
//配置WebApi.Cors
var cors = new EnableCorsAttribute("www.example.com", "*", "*");
config.EnableCors(cors); config.MapHttpAttributeRoutes(); config.Routes.MapHttpRoute(
name: "DefaultApi",
routeTemplate: "api/{controller}/{id}",
defaults: new { id = RouteParameter.Optional }
);
}
}
}


3.5 设置origins、HTTP methods、request headers示例

// Allow CORS for all origins. (Caution!)
[EnableCors(origins: "*", headers: "*", methods: "*")]


[EnableCors(origins: "http://www.justsoso.com,http://www.example.com",
headers: "*", methods: "*")]


[EnableCors(origins: "http://www.example.com", headers: "*", methods: "get,post")]


[EnableCors(origins: "http://example.com",
headers: "accept,content-type,origin,x-my-header", methods: "*")]


3.6 Pass credentials in cross-origin requests

Credentials require special handling in a CORS request. By default, the browser does not send any credentials with a cross-origin request. Credentials include cookies as well as HTTP authentication schemes. To send credentials with a cross-origin request, the client must set XMLHttpRequest.withCredentials to true.

Using XMLHttpRequest directly:

var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
xhr.open('get', 'http://www.example.com/api/test');
xhr.withCredentials = true;


In jQuery:

$.ajax({
type: 'get',
url: 'http://www.example.com/api/test',
xhrFields: {
withCredentials: true
}


In addition, the server must allow the credentials. To allow cross-origin credentials in Web API, set the SupportsCredentials property to true on the [EnableCors] attribute:

[EnableCors(origins: "http://myclient.azurewebsites.net", headers: "*",
methods: "*", SupportsCredentials = true)]


If this property is true, the HTTP response will include an Access-Control-Allow-Credentials header. This header tells the browser that the server allows credentials for a cross-origin request.

If the browser sends credentials, but the response does not include a valid Access-Control-Allow-Credentials header, the browser will not expose the response to the application, and the AJAX request fails.

Be careful about setting SupportsCredentials to true, because it means a website at another domain can send a logged-in user's credentials to your Web API on the user's behalf, without the user being aware. The CORS spec also states that setting origins to "*" is invalid if SupportsCredentials is true.

3.7 浏览器支持情况

库Web API CORS是服务端的处理方法，还必须要求客户端支持CORS，支持情况请查看该地址：

https://caniuse.com/#feat=cors

# 低版本IE实现跨域

参考：Cross-Domain AJAX for IE8 and IE9

# 参考

Setting Access-Control-Allow-Origin in ASP.Net MVC - simplest possible method

Microsoft.AspNet.WebApi.Cors

跨域资源共享 CORS 详解

——————————————————————————————————————————————