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前后端分离，Vue+restfullframework
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一、准备
修改源：
npm config set registry https://registry.npm.taobao.org 创建脚手架：
vue init webpack Vue项目名称
#Install vue-router? Yes
插件：
npm install axios
axios，发送Ajax请求
vuex，保存所有组件共用的变量
vue-cookies，操作cookie
二、流程
1、创建脚手架
npm config set registry https://registry.npm.taobao.org
vue init webpack
#吧route的那一个设置为yes,其他的设置为no
2、启动Vue
cd Vue项目名称
npm run dev
3、显示组件
# 用于点击查看组件
<router-link to="/index">首页</router-link> # 组件显示的位置
<router-view/>
4、写路由
import Vue from 'vue'
import Router from 'vue-router'
import Index from '@/components/Index'
import Login from '@/components/Login'
import Course from '@/components/Course'
import Micro from '@/components/Micro'
import News from '@/components/News'
import CourseDetail from '@/components/CourseDetail'
import NotFound from '@/components/NotFound' Vue.use(Router) export default new Router({
routes: [
{
path: '/',
name: 'index',
component: Index
},
{
path: '/index',
name: 'index',
component: Index
},
{
path: '/course',
name: 'course',
component: Course
},
{
path: '/course-detail/:id/',
name: 'courseDetail',
component: CourseDetail
},
{
path: '/micro',
name: 'micro',
component: Micro
},
{
path: '/news',
name: 'news',
component: News
},
{
path: '/login',
name: 'login',
component: Login
},
{
path: '*',
component: NotFound
}
],
mode: 'history'
})
# 定义路由
{
path: '/course-detail/:id/',
name: 'courseDetail',
component: CourseDetail
},
{
path: '/login',
name: 'login',
component: Login
},
{
path: '*',
component: NotFound
} # router-link参数
<router-link :to="{'path':'/course-detail/'+item.id }">{{item.name}}</router-link>
<router-link to="/index">首页</router-link> # 获取传过来的参数
this.$route.params.id
# 重定向
this.$router.push('/index')
注意：
如果不想在url显示#，可以在路由里面加上这样一个参数
mode: 'history'
5、写组件
<template> <div>
<h1>登录页面</h1>
<div>
<input type="text" v-model="username" placeholder="用户名">
<input type="text" v-model="password" placeholder="密码">
<a @click="doLogin">提交</a>
</div>
</div>
</template> <script> export default {
# 定义局部字段
data () {
return {
username: '',
password: ''
}
},
# 加载时执行
mounted:function(){
},
# 定义局部方法
methods:{
doLogin() {
var that = this
this.$axios.request({
url: 'http://127.0.0.1:8000/login/',
method: 'POST',
data: {
username: this.username,
password: this.password
},
responseType: 'json'
}).then(function (response) {
console.log(response.data)
// 找到全局变量，把用户名和token赋值到其中。
that.$store.commit('saveToken',response.data)
// 重定向到index
that.$router.push('/index')
})
}
}
}
</script> <!-- Add "scoped" attribute to limit CSS to this component only -->
<style scoped> </style>
6、发送ajax请求：axios
#发送ajax请求需要安装axios组件
npm install axios
npm install axios main.js
import Vue from 'vue'
import App from './App'
import router from './router' import axios from 'axios' Vue.prototype.$axios = axios Vue.config.productionTip = false
... 组件使用：
this.$axios.request({
url: 'http://127.0.0.1:8000/login/',
method: 'POST',
data: {
username: this.username,
password: this.password
},
responseType: 'json'
}).then(function (response) {
console.log(response.data) that.$router.push('/index')
}) PS：重定向 that.$router.push('/index')
7、vuex：保存所有组件共用的变量
安装
npm install vuex
如果想用vuex需要做这么几件事：
- a、先创建一个文件夹，store----store.js
- b、要先使用就先导入
- c、实例化一个对象，并且让别人可以用
- d、这样每一个组件都可以用username和token了
npm install vuex main.js
import Vue from 'vue'
import App from './App'
import router from './router'
import axios from 'axios' import store from './store/store' # vuex Vue.prototype.$axios = axios Vue.config.productionTip = false /* eslint-disable no-new */
new Vue({
el: '#app',
store, # vuex
router,
components: { App },
template: '<App/>'
}) src/store/store.js
import Vue from 'vue'
import Vuex from 'vuex'
import Cookie from 'vue-cookies' Vue.use(Vuex) export default new Vuex.Store({
// 组件中通过 this.$store.state.username 调用
state: {
username: Cookie.get('username'),
token: Cookie.get('token')
},
mutations: {
// 组件中通过 this.$store.commit(参数) 调用
saveToken: function (state, data) {
state.username = data.username
state.token = data.token
Cookie.set('username', data.username, '20min')
Cookie.set('token', data.token, '20min') },
clearToken: function (state) {
state.username = null
state.token = null
Cookie.remove('username')
Cookie.remove('token')
}
}
})
8、vue-cookies：操作cookie
安装
npm install vue-cookies
npm install vue-cookies
Cookie.get('username')
Cookie.set('username', data.username, '20min')
Cookie.remove('username')
src/store/store.js
import Vue from 'vue'
import Vuex from 'vuex'
import Cookie from 'vue-cookies' # vue-cookies
Vue.use(Vuex)
export default new Vuex.Store({
// 组件中通过 this.$store.state.username 调用
state: {
username: Cookie.get('username'), # vue-cookies
token: Cookie.get('token') # vue-cookies
},
mutations: {
// 组件中通过 this.$store.commit(参数) 调用
saveToken: function (state, data) {
state.username = data.username
state.token = data.token
Cookie.set('username', data.username, '20min') # vue-cookies
Cookie.set('token', data.token, '20min')
},
clearToken: function (state) {
state.username = null
state.token = null
Cookie.remove('username') # vue-cookies
Cookie.remove('token')
}
}
})
三、代码实现
前端代码：
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="./static/bootstrap-3.3.7-dist/css/bootstrap.css">
<script src="./static/bootstrap-3.3.7-dist/js/bootstrap.js"></script> <title>s6vue</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app"></div>
<!-- built files will be auto injected -->
</body>
</html>
index.html
// The Vue build version to load with the `import` command
// (runtime-only or standalone) has been set in webpack.base.conf with an alias.
import Vue from 'vue'
import App from './App'
import router from './router'
import store from './store/store' //
import axios from 'axios' // 要是用axios，就得先导入
Vue.prototype.$axios = axios //注册，以后就可以用$axios来定义了 Vue.config.productionTip = false /* eslint-disable no-new */
new Vue({
el: '#app',
store,
router,
components: { App },
template: '<App/>'
})
main.js
<template>
<div id="app">
<!--首页里面永远是固定的东西-->
<ul class="nav nav-tabs">
<li><router-link to="/index">首页</router-link> <!--用于点击查看组件--></li>
<li><router-link to="/micro">学位课</router-link> <!--用于点击查看组件--></li>
<li><router-link to="/course">课程</router-link></li> <!--用于点击查看组件-->
<li><router-link to="/news">深科技</router-link></li> <!--用于点击查看组件-->
<!--如果已经登录了，就不用在登录了，在页面还是显示当前用户和注销，如果没有登录就显示登录-->
<li v-if="this.$store.state.username">
<span><a>欢迎{{ this.$store.state.username }}登录</a></span>
<span><a @click="logout()">注销</a></span>
</li>
<li v-else=""> <router-link to="/login">登录</router-link></li>
</ul>
<router-view/> <!--组件显示的位置-->
</div>
</template> <script>
export default {
name: 'App',
methods:{
logout(){
this.$store.state.username=''
this.$store.state.token=''
}
}
}
</script> <style> </style>
app.vue
import Vue from 'vue'
import Router from 'vue-router'
import HelloWorld from '@/components/HelloWorld'
import Index from '@/components/Index'
import Login from '@/components/Login'
import Micro from '@/components/Micro'
import News from '@/components/News'
import Course from '@/components/Course'
import CourseDetail from '@/components/CourseDetail'
import NotFound from '@/components/NotFound' Vue.use(Router) export default new Router({
routes: [
{
path: '/',
name: 'HelloWorld',
component: HelloWorld
},
{
path: '/index',
name: 'index',
component: Index
},
{
path: '/login',
name: 'Login',
component: Login
},
{
path: '/course',
name: 'Course',
component: Course
},
{
path: '/course-detail/:id/',
name: 'CourseDetail',
component: CourseDetail
},
{
path: '/micro/',
name: 'Micro',
component: Micro
},
{
path: '/course-detail/:id/',
name: 'CourseDetail',
component: CourseDetail
},
{
path: '/news/',
name: 'News',
component: News
},
{
path: '*',
component: NotFound
}
],
mode:'history'
})
router ---index.js
组件components
<template>
<div class="hello">
<h1>{{ msg }}</h1>
</div>
</template> <script>
export default {
name: 'index',
data () {
return {
msg:"这里是首页"
}
}
}
</script> <!-- Add "scoped" attribute to limit CSS to this component only -->
<style> </style>
Index.vue
<template>
<div class="">
<h2>登录页面</h2>
<p>用户名：<input type="text" placeholder="username" v-model="username"></p>
<p>密码：<input type="text" placeholder="password" v-model="password"></p>
<button><a @click="DoLogin()">提交</a></button>
</div>
</template> <script>
export default {
name: 'index',
data () {
return {
username: "",
password: ""
}
},
methods:{
DoLogin (){
var that = this
// console.log(this.$axios);
this.$axios.request({ //发送axios请求
url:'http://127.0.0.1:8082/login/', //请求路径
method:"POST",//请求方式
data:{ //要发送 的数据
username:this.username,
password:this.password
},
responseType:'json' //期望返回的类型是json的格式
}).then(function (response) { //吧返回的结果交给回调函数处理
//登录成功之后，找到全局变量，吧用户名和token赋值到其中
that.$store.commit('saveToken',response.data);
//重定向(登录成功之后让跳转到index页面)
that.$router.push('/index')
//为什么不直接用this呢？这里的this代表的是$axios,用that他代指的是整个Vue对象
})
}
} }
</script> <!-- Add "scoped" attribute to limit CSS to this component only -->
<style> </style>
Login.vue
<template>
<div class="">
<ul>
<li v-for="item in courseList">
<router-link :to="{'path':'/course-detail/'+item.id}">{{item.name}}</router-link>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</template> <script>
export default {
name: 'index',
data () {
return {
msg:'课程页面',
courseList:[]
}
},
mounted:function () {
//当组件一加载的时候就应该去数据库去获取数据
this.initCourses()
},
methods:{
initCourses:function () {
var that = this
this.$axios.request({
url:'http://127.0.0.1:8082/course/',
method:"GET"
}).then(function (response) {
console.log(response);
that.courseList = response.data.courseList //吧从数据库取的数据赋值到courseList列表里面
})
}
} } </script> <!-- Add "scoped" attribute to limit CSS to this component only -->
<style> </style>
course.vue
<template>
<div class="hello">
<div>课程详细</div>
<h3>{{ title }}</h3>
<h3>{{ summary }}</h3>
</div>
</template> <script>
export default {
name: 'HelloWorld',
data () {
return {
title:'',
summary:''
}
},
mounted:function () {
//当组件一加载就执行的函数
this.initCoursesDetail()
},
methods:{
initCoursesDetail(){
var nid = this.$route.params.id //获取id
var that = this
var url = 'http://127.0.0.1:8082/course/' + nid + '.json'
this.$axios.request({
url:url,
methods:'GET',
responseType:'json'
}).then(function (response) {
console.log(response)
that.title = response.data.title;
that.summary = response.data.summary
})
}
}
}
</script> <!-- Add "scoped" attribute to limit CSS to this component only -->
<style scoped> </style>
CoursesDetail
<template>
<div class="hello">
<h2>欢迎报名学位课</h2>
</div>
</template> <script>
export default {
name: 'HelloWorld',
data () {
return {
msg: 'Welcome to Your Vue.js App'
}
}
}
</script> <!-- Add "scoped" attribute to limit CSS to this component only -->
<style scoped>
h1, h2 {
font-weight: normal;
}
ul {
list-style-type: none;
padding: 0;
}
li {
display: inline-block;
margin: 0 10px;
}
a {
color: #42b983;
}
</style>
Micro.vue
<template>
<div class="hello">
<h2>深科技</h2>
</div>
</template> <script>
export default {
name: 'HelloWorld',
data () {
return {
msg: 'Welcome to Your Vue.js App'
}
}
}
</script> <!-- Add "scoped" attribute to limit CSS to this component only -->
<style scoped>
h1, h2 {
font-weight: normal;
}
ul {
list-style-type: none;
padding: 0;
}
li {
display: inline-block;
margin: 0 10px;
}
a {
color: #42b983;
}
</style>
News.vue
<template>
<div class="hello">
<h1>找不到页面</h1>
</div>
</template> <script>
export default {
name: 'HelloWorld',
data () {
return {
msg: 'Welcome to Your Vue.js App'
}
}
}
</script> <!-- Add "scoped" attribute to limit CSS to this component only -->
<style scoped>
h1, h2 {
font-weight: normal;
}
ul {
list-style-type: none;
padding: 0;
}
li {
display: inline-block;
margin: 0 10px;
}
a {
color: #42b983;
}
</style>
NotFound
保存全局使用的变量store
import Vue from 'vue'
import Vuex from 'vuex'
import Cookie from 'vue-cookies' Vue.use(Vuex) export default new Vuex.Store({
//组件中通过this.$store.state.username 调用
state:{
username:Cookie.get('username'),
token:Cookie.get('token')
},
mutations:{
//组件中通过this.$store.commit(参数)调用
saveToken:function (state,data) { //存放用户名和token的函数
state.username = data.username //data代指从后端返回过来的数据
state.token = data.token
Cookie.set('username',data.username,'20min') //吧用户名和token存放到cookie中
Cookie.set('token',data.token,'20min')
},
//清空token和cookie
clearToken:function (state) {
state.username=null
state.token= null
Cookie.remove('username')
Cookie.remove('token')
}
}
})
store.js
后端代码：
"""day145vue和restful配合 URL Configuration The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/topics/http/urls/
Examples:
Function views
1. Add an import: from my_app import views
2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url(r'^$', views.home, name='home')
Class-based views
1. Add an import: from other_app.views import Home
2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url(r'^$', Home.as_view(), name='home')
Including another URLconf
1. Import the include() function: from django.conf.urls import url, include
2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url(r'^blog/', include('blog.urls'))
"""
from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from api import views
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
url(r'^login/', views.LoginView.as_view()),
url(r'^course/$', views.CourseView.as_view()),
url(r'^course/(?P<pk>\d+)\.(?P<format>[a-z-9]+)$', views.CourseView.as_view()),
]
urls.py
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from django.http import JsonResponse class LoginView(APIView): def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
ret = {
'code':111,
'data':'在知识的海洋里一路向前'
} response = JsonResponse(ret)
response['Access-Control-Allow-Origin']='*'
return response def post(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
print(request.body) #在body里面有值
print(request.POST) #在post里面是没有值的
ret = {
'code':1000,
'username':'haiyn',
'token':'sdswr3fdfsdfdxqw2fgh',
}
response = JsonResponse(ret)
response['Access-Control-Allow-Origin'] = "*"
return response def options(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
response = HttpResponse()
response['Access-Control-Allow-Origin'] = '*'
response['Access-Control-Allow-Headers'] = '*'
# response['Access-Control-Allo w-Methods'] = 'PUT'
return response class CourseView(APIView):
def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
print(args,kwargs)
pk = kwargs.get('pk')
if pk:
print(kwargs.get('pk'))
ret = {
'title': "标题标题标题",
'summary': '老师，太饿了。怎么还不下课'
}
else:
ret = {
'code':1000,
'courseList':[
{'name':'人生苦短，来学Python','id':1},
{'name':'32天学会java，欢迎报名','id':2},
{'name':'人工智能即将统领世界...','id':3},
]
}
response= JsonResponse(ret)
response['Access-Control-Allow-Origin'] = '*'
return response
views.py
