使用Microsoft.AspNetCore.TestHost进行完整的功能测试

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简介

Microsoft.AspNetCore.TestHost是可以用于Asp.net Core 的功能测试工具。很多时候我们一个接口写好了，单元测试什么的也都ok了，需要完整调试一下，检查下单元测试未覆盖到的代码是否有bug。步骤为如下：程序打个断点->F5运行->通常需要登录个测试账号->查找要调试api的入口->获得断点开始调试=>代码报错？很多时候需要停止调试修改->回到第一步。如此反复循环，做着重复的工作，Microsoft.AspNetCore.TestHost正是为了解决这个问题，它可以让你使用xTest或者MSTest进行覆盖整个HTTP请求生命周期的功能测试。

进行一个简单的功能测试

新建一个Asp.net Core WebApi和xUnit项目

ValuesController里面自带一个Action

我们在xUnit项目里面模拟访问这个接口，首选安装如下nuget包：

Microsoft.AspNetCore.TestHost
Microsoft.AspNetCore.All（很多依赖懒得找的话直接安装这个集成包，百分之90涉及到AspNetCore的依赖都包含在里面）

然后需要引用被测试的AspnetCoreFunctionalTestDemo项目，新建一个测试类ValuesControllerTest

将GetValuesTest方法替换为如下代码，其中startup类是应用自AspnetCoreFunctionalTestDemo项目

        [Fact]

        public void GetValuesTest()

        {

            var client = new TestServer(WebHost

                .CreateDefaultBuilder()

                .UseStartup<Startup>())

                .CreateClient();

            string result = client.GetStringAsync("api/values").Result;

            Assert.Equal(result, JsonConvert.SerializeObject(new string[] { "value1", "value2" }));

        }

此时在ValueController打下断点

运行GetValuesTest调试测试

成功进入断点，我们不用启动浏览器，就可以进行完整的接口功能测试了。

修改内容目录与自动授权

上面演示了如何进行一个简单的功能测试，但是存在两个缺陷：

webApi在测试的时候实际的运行目录是在FunctionalTest目录下
对需要授权的接口不能正常测试，会得到未授权的返回结果

1.内容目录

我们可以在Controller的Get方法输出当前的内容目录

内容目录是在测试x项目下这与我们的预期不符，如果webapi项目对根目录下的文件有依赖关系例如appsetting.json则会找不到该文件，解决的办法是在webHost中手动指定运行根目录

[Fact]

public void GetValuesTest()

{

    var client = new TestServer(WebHost

        .CreateDefaultBuilder()

        .UseContentRoot(GetProjectPath("AspnetCoreFunctionalTestDemo.sln", "", typeof(Startup).Assembly))

        .UseStartup<Startup>())

        .CreateClient();

    string result = client.GetStringAsync("api/values").Result;

    Assert.Equal(result, JsonConvert.SerializeObject(new string[] { "value1", "value2" }));

}

/// <summary>

/// 获取工程路径

/// </summary>

/// <param name="slnName">解决方案文件名，例test.sln</param>

/// <param name="solutionRelativePath">如果项目与解决方案文件不在一个目录，例如src文件夹中，则传src</param>

/// <param name="startupAssembly">程序集</param>

/// <returns></returns>

private static string GetProjectPath(string slnName, string solutionRelativePath, Assembly startupAssembly)

{

      string projectName = startupAssembly.GetName().Name;

      string applicationBasePath = PlatformServices.Default.Application.ApplicationBasePath;

      var directoryInfo = new DirectoryInfo(applicationBasePath);

      do

      {

          var solutionFileInfo = new FileInfo(Path.Combine(directoryInfo.FullName, slnName));

          if (solutionFileInfo.Exists)

          {

              return Path.GetFullPath(Path.Combine(directoryInfo.FullName, solutionRelativePath, projectName));

          }

          directoryInfo = directoryInfo.Parent;

      }

      while (directoryInfo.Parent != null);

      throw new Exception($"Solution root could not be located using application root {applicationBasePath}.");
}

GetProjectPath方法采用递归的方式找到startup的项目所在路径，此时我们再运行

2.自动授权

每次测试时手动登录这是一件很烦人的事情，所以我们希望可以自动话，这里演示的时cookie方式的自动授权

首先在startup文件配置cookie认证

using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.Linq;

using System.Threading.Tasks;

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder;

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting;

using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;

using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;

using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;

using Microsoft.Extensions.Options;

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.Cookies;

namespace AspnetCoreFunctionalTestDemo

{

    public class Startup

    {

        public Startup(IConfiguration configuration)

        {

            Configuration = configuration;

        }

        public IConfiguration Configuration { get; }

        // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to add services to the container.

        public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)

        {

            services.AddMvc();

            services.AddAuthentication(o => o.DefaultScheme = CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme)

               .AddCookie(o =>

               {

                   o.ExpireTimeSpan = new TimeSpan(, , );

                   o.Events.OnRedirectToLogin = (context) =>

                   {

                       context.Response.StatusCode = ;

                       return Task.CompletedTask;

                   };

               });

        }

        // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to configure the HTTP request pipeline.

        public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env)

        {

            if (env.IsDevelopment())

            {

                app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();

            }

            app.UseAuthentication();

            app.UseMvc();

        }

    }

}

这里覆盖了cookie认证失败的默认操作改为返回401状态码。

在valuesController新增登录的Action并配置Get的Action需要授权访问

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication;

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.Cookies;

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization;

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting;

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.Security.Claims;

namespace AspnetCoreFunctionalTestDemo.Controllers

{

    [Route("api/[controller]")]

    public class ValuesController : Controller

    {

        // GET api/values

        [HttpGet,Authorize]

        public IEnumerable<string> Get([FromServices]IHostingEnvironment env)

        {

            return new string[] { "value1", "value2" };

        }

        // POST api/values

        [HttpGet("Login")]

        public void Login()

        {

            var identity = new ClaimsIdentity(CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme);

            identity.AddClaim(new Claim(ClaimTypes.Name, "huanent"));

            var principal = new ClaimsPrincipal(identity);

            HttpContext.SignInAsync(CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme, principal).Wait();

        }

    }

}

此时我们使用测试项目测试Get方法

如我们预期，返回了401，说明未授权。我们修改下GetValuesTest

using AspnetCoreFunctionalTestDemo;

using Microsoft.AspNetCore;

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting;

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.TestHost;

using Microsoft.Extensions.PlatformAbstractions;

using Newtonsoft.Json;

using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.IO;

using System.Linq;

using System.Net;

using System.Net.Http;

using System.Reflection;

using System.Text;

using System.Threading.Tasks;

using Xunit;

using static Microsoft.AspNetCore.WebSockets.Internal.Constants;

namespace FunctionalTest

{

    public class ValuesControllerTest

    {

        [Fact]

        public void GetValuesTest()

        {

            var client = new TestServer(

                WebHost.CreateDefaultBuilder()

                       .UseStartup<Startup>()

                       .UseContentRoot(GetProjectPath("AspnetCoreFunctionalTestDemo.sln", "", typeof(Startup).Assembly))

                       ).CreateClient();

            var respone = client.GetAsync("api/values/login").Result;

            SetCookie(client, respone);

            var result = client.GetAsync("api/values").Result;

        }

        private static void SetCookie(HttpClient client, HttpResponseMessage respone)

        {

            string cookieString = respone.Headers.GetValues("Set-Cookie").First();

            string cookieBody = cookieString.Split(';').First();

            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Add("Cookie", cookieBody);

        }

        /// <summary>

        /// 获取工程路径

        /// </summary>

        /// <param name="slnName">解决方案文件名，例test.sln</param>

        /// <param name="solutionRelativePath">如果项目与解决方案文件不在一个目录，例如src文件夹中，则传src</param>

        /// <param name="startupAssembly">程序集</param>

        /// <returns></returns>

        private static string GetProjectPath(string slnName, string solutionRelativePath, Assembly startupAssembly)

        {

            string projectName = startupAssembly.GetName().Name;

            string applicationBasePath = PlatformServices.Default.Application.ApplicationBasePath;

            var directoryInfo = new DirectoryInfo(applicationBasePath);

            do

            {

                var solutionFileInfo = new FileInfo(Path.Combine(directoryInfo.FullName, slnName));

                if (solutionFileInfo.Exists)

                {

                    return Path.GetFullPath(Path.Combine(directoryInfo.FullName, solutionRelativePath, projectName));

                }

                directoryInfo = directoryInfo.Parent;

            }

            while (directoryInfo.Parent != null);

            throw new Exception($"Solution root could not be located using application root {applicationBasePath}.");

        }

    }

}