java基础---->java中Properties的使用

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Java中有个比较重要的类Properties（Java.util.Properties），主要用于读取Java的配置文件，各种语言都有自己所支持的配置文件，配置文件中很多变量是经常改变的，这样做也是为了方便用户，让用户能够脱离程序本身去修改相关的变量设置。今天，我们就开始Properties的使用。

Java中Properties的使用

Properties的文档说明：

The Properties class represents a persistent set of properties. The Properties can be saved to a stream or loaded from a stream. Each key and its corresponding value in the property list is a string.

Properties类的描述：

public class Properties extends Hashtable<Object,Object>

测试的项目结构如下：

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" 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一、在huhx.properties文件中，我们为也方便，加入一条数据：

name=huhx

二、将huhx.properties文件加载读取，得到相应的属性

Properties properties = new Properties();

FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("huhx.properties");

properties.load(fis);

System.out.println(properties.get("name"));

properties.load()执行之后，fis.close方法对于properties.get(key)没有什么影响。因为load方法已经将数据解析读取到了Property中。

三、Properties的list方法的使用

PrintStream printStream = System.out;

properties.list(printStream);

list方法的具体代码：

public void list(PrintStream out) {

    out.println("-- listing properties --");

    Hashtable h = new Hashtable();

    enumerate(h);

    for (Enumeration e = h.keys() ; e.hasMoreElements() ;) {

        String key = (String)e.nextElement();

        String val = (String)h.get(key);

        if (val.length() > 40) {

            val = val.substring(0, 37) + "...";

        }

        out.println(key + "=" + val);

    }

}

四、Properties的store方法的使用

OutputStream outputStream = new FileOutputStream("huhx.txt");

properties.store(outputStream, "comments");

五、Properties的storeToXML方法的使用

OutputStream outputStream2 = new FileOutputStream("huhx.xml");

properties.storeToXML(outputStream2, "comments");

六、最终生成的文件如下：

huhx.txt：

#comments

#Thu May 19 19:19:36 CST 2016

name=huhx

huhx.xml：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>

<!DOCTYPE properties SYSTEM "http://java.sun.com/dtd/properties.dtd">

<properties>

    <comment>comments</comment>

    <entry key="name">huhx</entry>

</properties>

PropertiesTest.java：

package com.huhx.linux;

import java.io.FileInputStream;

import java.io.FileOutputStream;

import java.io.OutputStream;

import java.io.PrintStream;

import java.util.Properties;

public class PropertiesTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

        // 一般Properties的使用

        Properties properties = new Properties();

        FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("huhx.properties");

        properties.load(fis);

        System.out.println(properties.get("name"));

        // 以下是测试的部分

        PrintStream printStream = System.out;

        properties.list(printStream);

        OutputStream outputStream = new FileOutputStream("huhx.txt");

        properties.store(outputStream, "comments");

        OutputStream outputStream2 = new FileOutputStream("huhx.xml");

        properties.storeToXML(outputStream2, "comments");

    }

}

PropertiesTest.java

七、属性文件中占位符的使用

huhx的文件内容如下：

word=I loves {0} and {1}

java的代码如下：

String word = properties.getProperty("word");

String lovesWord = MessageFormat.format(word, "android", "linux");

System.out.println(lovesWord); // I loves android and linux