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ELK之es常用查询语句

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10/29
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参考：https://www.cnblogs.com/kyleinjava/p/10497042.html

          https://blog.csdn.net/luanpeng825485697/article/details/83411704

elasticsearch定义了两种查询方式

一.索引(index),type,document相关语句

1，列出所有索引状态

GET /_cat/indices?v

可以使用kibana的dev tools

health status index uuid pri rep docs.count docs.deleted store.size pri.store.size
yellow open metricbeat-6.3.1-2019.09.30 AzJBakNPSP-OqcByGT9xOw 1 1 53244 0 10mb 10mb
yellow open watcher_alarms AIc2q3VhTLedzu6ljScOjA 5 1 0 0 1.2kb 1.2kb
yellow open website Big3pMt4QTmx4rCii_7jqw 5 1 0 0 1.1kb 1.1kb
yellow open metricbeat-6.3.1-2019.09.29 Lv8UC-H7Q4GRShXvCKVwkg 1 1 135000 0 25.4mb 25.4mb
yellow open watcher_alarms-2019.09.27 kJOeaPQXRAOI17qB11eL-A 5 1 1033 0 383.6kb 383.6kb
yellow open watcher_alarms-2019.09.26 GAAJ8Uc1QvuoxjUWau6Dcg 5 1 1876 0 619.9kb 619.9kb
green open .kibana 3DFTWNpIQ4yMq3wYNmxfPw 1 0 130 2 292.4kb 292.4kb
yellow open watcher_alarms-2019.09.28 H4KySJ6lQqaKYb6r7-8TzA 5 1 43 0 593.6kb 593.6kb
yellow open system-log-2019.09 uCdgYBmASpCjxO9-DyGyOg 5 1 49005 0 42.7mb 42.7mb
yellow open watcher_alarms-2019.09.29 eYDS-TN4RLqOpY0D1OExEQ 5 1 133 0 319.9kb 319.9kb

字段说明

health：健康状态 red,yellow,green
status：状态open
index：索引名
uuid：唯一标识符uuid
pri：主分片数
rep：副本数
docs.count：总计多少条日志
docs.deleted：删除记录
store.size：存储该index文件的大小
pri.store.size：主存储大小

2,查询索引详细信息

GET /index1,index2 查询索引index1和索引index2的基本信息
GET /_all 查询所有的基本信息
GET /s* 使用通配符来查询所有以s开头的索引信息

3，创建索引

setting中可以设置索引的的主分片数number_of_shards默认为5，和主分片的副本数number_of_replicas默认是1；

mapping中主要设置各个type的映射关系

PUT /my_index
{
"settings": {... any setting ...}
"mappings": {
"type_one": {... any mappings ...},
"type_two": {... any mappings ...},
...
}
}

创建一个索引gb

PUT /gb
{
"mappings": {
"tweet" : {
"properties" : {
"tweet" : {
"type" : "text",
"analyzer": "english"
},
"date" : {
"type" : "date"
},
"name" : {
"type" : "text"
},
"user_id" : {
"type" : "long"
}
}
}
}
}

创建成功提示

{
"acknowledged": true,
"shards_acknowledged": true,
"index": "index1"
}

查看刚创建的索引gb的详细信息

GET /gb

{
"gb": {
"aliases": {},
"mappings": {
"tweet": {
"properties": {
"date": {
"type": "date"
},
"name": {
"type": "text"
},
"tweet": {
"type": "text",
"analyzer": "english"
},
"user_id": {
"type": "long"
}
}
}
},
"settings": {
"index": {
"creation_date": "1569814449442",
"number_of_shards": "5",
"number_of_replicas": "1",
"uuid": "841k18xLSHOOltY_1UKrSA",
"version": {
"created": "6020499"
},
"provided_name": "index1"
}
}
}
}

4，删除索引

DELETE /index1 #删除索引index1
DELETE /_all #删除所有索引，慎用
DELETE /*

5，在索引的映射中增加一个字段

PUT /gb/_mapping/tweet
{
"properties": {
"tag": {
"type": "text",
"index": false
}
}
}

运行成功返回

{
"acknowledged": true
}

增加字段之前的映射mapping信息

使用命令 查看

GET /gb/_mapping

返回

{
"gb": {
"mappings": {
"tweet": {
"properties": {
"date": {
"type": "date"
},
"name": {
"type": "text"
},
"tweet": {
"type": "text",
"analyzer": "english"
},
"user_id": {
"type": "long"
}
}
}
}
}
}

添加成功以后查看

{
"gb": {
"mappings": {
"tweet": {
"properties": {
"date": {
"type": "date"
},
"name": {
"type": "text"
},
"tag": {
"type": "text",
"index": false
},
"tweet": {
"type": "text",
"analyzer": "english"
},
"user_id": {
"type": "long"
}
}
}
}
}
}

6,查看某个type的映射关系

GET /{index}/_mapping/{type}

GET /gb/_mapping/tweet
///返回
{
"gb": {
"mappings": {
"tweet": {
"properties": {
"date": {
"type": "date"
},
"name": {
"type": "text"
},
"tag": {
"type": "text",
"index": false
},
"tweet": {
"type": "text",
"analyzer": "english"
},
"user_id": {
"type": "long"
}
}
}
}
}
}

7，在索引文档中添加或者替换文档

在添加的时候id并不是必须的，如果没有id则会随机产生一个id需要使用POST才能随机生成id

往索引gb里面添加一条数据指定id为1

PUT /gb/tweet/1
{
"username":"liuym",
"user_id":16
}

返回

{
"_index": "gb",
"_type": "tweet",
"_id": "1",
"_version": 1,
"result": "created",
"_shards": {
"total": 2,
"successful": 1,
"failed": 0
},
"_seq_no": 0,
"_primary_term": 1
}

搜索刚刚添加的数据

GET /gb/_server

也可以通过GET方式查询id查看

GET /gb/tweet/1
///返回
{
"_index": "gb",
"_type": "tweet",
"_id": "1",
"_version": 1,
"found": true,
"_source": {
"username": "liuym",
"user_id": 16
}
}

也可以只查看_source中部分字段，例如只查看name

GET /gb/tweet/1?_source=name

8，更新索引文档中的内容

PUT /{index}/{type}/{id}
POST /{index}/{type}/{id}/_update

一种是使用PUT方法旧数据全部覆盖，使用新数据代替

PUT /gb/tweet/1
{
"name":"zhangsan",
"user_id":8
}

修改后内容

{
"_index": "gb",
"_type": "tweet",
"_id": "1",
"_version": 6,
"found": true,
"_source": {
"name": "zhangsan",
"user_id": 9
}
}

一种是通过POST方式，只对部分字段进行修改

POST gb/tweet/1/_update
{
"doc":{
"username": "zhansan"
}
}

PS：注意最后加更新_update  内部需要加doc

9,删除文档

DELETE /{index}/{type}/{id}

删除id为1的文档

DELETE /gb/tweet/1

返回

{
"_index": "gb",
"_type": "tweet",
"_id": "1",
"_version": 14,
"result": "deleted",
"_shards": {
"total": 2,
"successful": 1,
"failed": 0
},
"_seq_no": 14,
"_primary_term": 1
}

查看没有数据了

GET /gb/tweet/1

返回

{
"_index": "gb",
"_type": "tweet",
"_id": "1",
"found": false
}

found为false就是没有发现

10，批处理

批量添加

POST /gb/tweet/_bulk
{"index":{"_id":"1"}}
{"name":"zhangsan"}
{"index":{"_id":"2"}}
{"name":"lisi"}

返回

{
"took": 39,
"errors": false,
"items": [
{
"index": {
"_index": "gb",
"_type": "tweet",
"_id": "1",
"_version": 1,
"result": "created",
"_shards": {
"total": 2,
"successful": 1,
"failed": 0
},
"_seq_no": 6,
"_primary_term": 1,
"status": 201
}
},
{
"index": {
"_index": "gb",
"_type": "tweet",
"_id": "2",
"_version": 1,
"result": "created",
"_shards": {
"total": 2,
"successful": 1,
"failed": 0
},
"_seq_no": 4,
"_primary_term": 1,
"status": 201
}
}
]
}

查看

GET /gb/_search

返回

{
"took": 3,
"timed_out": false,
"_shards": {
"total": 5,
"successful": 5,
"skipped": 0,
"failed": 0
},
"hits": {
"total": 2,
"max_score": 1,
"hits": [
{
"_index": "gb",
"_type": "tweet",
"_id": "2",
"_score": 1,
"_source": {
"name": "lisi"
}
},
{
"_index": "gb",
"_type": "tweet",
"_id": "1",
"_score": 1,
"_source": {
"name": "zhangsan"
}
}
]
}
}

批量更新与删除

POST /gb/tweet/_bulk
{"update":{"_id":"1"}}
{"doc":{"name":"wangwu"}}
{"delete":{"_id":"2"}}

修改_id为1的name字段，删除_id为2的数据

返回

{
"took": 48,
"errors": false,
"items": [
{
"update": {
"_index": "gb",
"_type": "tweet",
"_id": "1",
"_version": 2,
"result": "updated",
"_shards": {
"total": 2,
"successful": 1,
"failed": 0
},
"_seq_no": 7,
"_primary_term": 1,
"status": 200
}
},
{
"delete": {
"_index": "gb",
"_type": "tweet",
"_id": "2",
"_version": 2,
"result": "deleted",
"_shards": {
"total": 2,
"successful": 1,
"failed": 0
},
"_seq_no": 5,
"_primary_term": 1,
"status": 200
}
}
]
}

查看是否修改成功

GET /gb/tweet/_search

返回

{
"took": 1,
"timed_out": false,
"_shards": {
"total": 5,
"successful": 5,
"skipped": 0,
"failed": 0
},
"hits": {
"total": 1,
"max_score": 1,
"hits": [
{
"_index": "gb",
"_type": "tweet",
"_id": "1",
"_score": 1,
"_source": {
"name": "wangwu"
}
}
]
}
}

修改字段成功并且删除了_id为2的数据

11，批量导入大量数据

curl -H "Content-Type: application/json" -XPOST "localhost:9200/bank/account/_bulk?pretty&refresh" --data-binary "@accounts.json"

12，查询文档数

#查询所有文档数
GET /_count

返回

{
"count": 759185,
"_shards": {
"total": 61,
"successful": 61,
"skipped": 0,
"failed": 0
}
}

#查询索引gb中的文档数
GET /gb/_count

#查询某个type的文档数
GET /gb/tweet/_count

二，简单查询

1，使用GET请求

GET /gb/tweet/_search

返回

{
"took": 2, #查询执行时间单位是毫秒
"timed_out": false, #查询是否超时
"_shards": { #表示查询参与的分片总数，以及这些分片成功了多少个失败了多少个
"total": 5,
"successful": 5,
"skipped": 0,
"failed": 0
},
"hits": { #所有查询到的结果
"total": 1, #匹配的文档总数
"max_score": 1, #结果中最大评分
"hits": [
{
"_index": "gb", #索引名称
"_type": "tweet", #type名称
"_id": "1", #id名称
"_score": 1, #评分
"_source": { #存储的数据源信息
"name": "wangwu"
}
}
]
}
}

2，同时查询多索引多类型的数据

GET /_search #在所有索引中搜索所有的类型
GET /gb/_search #在gb索引中搜索所有的类型
GET /gb,us/_search #在 gb 和 us 索引中搜索所有的文档
GET /g*,u*/_search #在任何以 g 或者 u 开头的索引中搜索所有的类型
GET /gb/tweet/_search #在gb索引中搜索tweet类型
GET /gb,us/user,tweet/_search在 gb 和 us 索引中搜索 user 和 tweet 类型
GET /_all/user,tweet/_search在所有的索引中搜索 user 和 tweet 类型

3，不查询文档的元数据，只查询source部分的数据

GET /{index}/{type}/{id}/_source

示例

GET /gb/tweet/1/_source

返回

{
"name": "wangwu"
}

三，请求体查询

1，查询所有文档

默认评分是1，可以通过设置boost来，由于有些代理服务器不支持GET请求带请求体，所以实际中还是要用POST请求。

GET /gb/_search
{
"query": {
"match_all": {}
}
}

返回

{
"took": 11,
"timed_out": false,
"_shards": {
"total": 5,
"successful": 5,
"skipped": 0,
"failed": 0
},
"hits": {
"total": 1,
"max_score": 1,
"hits": [
{
"_index": "gb",
"_type": "tweet",
"_id": "1",
"_score": 1,
"_source": {
"name": "wangwu"
}
}
]
}
}

2，分页查询所有文档

GET /system-log-2019.09/_search
{
"query": {
"match_all": {}
},
"from": 0,
"size": 2
}

从头开始，每次显示2条第一页返回如下

{
"took": 0,
"timed_out": false,
"_shards": {
"total": 5,
"successful": 5,
"skipped": 0,
"failed": 0
},
"hits": {
"total": 60361,
"max_score": 1,
"hits": [
{
"_index": "system-log-2019.09",
"_type": "doc",
"_id": "X9GKbG0BHXMu0O5TBI8U",
"_score": 1,
"_source": {
"message": "Sep 26 15:14:25 salt-test systemd: Reloading.",
"@version": "1",
"type": "system-log",
"host": "salt-test",
"path": "/var/log/messages",
"@timestamp": "2019-09-26T07:14:25.503Z"
}
},
{
"_index": "system-log-2019.09",
"_type": "doc",
"_id": "YNGKbG0BHXMu0O5TBI8U",
"_score": 1,
"_source": {
"message": """Sep 26 15:14:25 salt-test filebeat: 2019-09-26T15:14:25.362+0800#011ERROR#011pipeline/output.go:100#011Failed to connect to backoff(elasticsearch(http://192.168.1.4:9200)): Connection marked as failed because the onConnect callback failed: 400 Bad Request: {"error":{"root_cause":[{"type":"invalid_index_name_exception","reason":"Invalid index name [_ilm], must not start with '_', '-', or '+'","index_uuid":"_na_","index":"_ilm"}],"type":"invalid_index_name_exception","reason":"Invalid index name [_ilm], must not start with '_', '-', or '+'","index_uuid":"_na_","index":"_ilm"},"status":400}""",
"@version": "1",
"type": "system-log",
"host": "salt-test",
"path": "/var/log/messages",
"@timestamp": "2019-09-26T07:14:25.503Z"
}
}
]
}
}

3，条件查询并排序

查询host名为salt-test的主机，只显示message和host字段，按时间倒序排列，从头开始页大小为2

GET /system-log-2019.09/_search
{
"query": {
"match": {
"host":"salt-test"
}
},
"_source": [
"host",
"@timestamp"
],
"sort": [
{
"@timestamp": "desc"
}
],
"from": 0,
"size": 2
}

4,全文检索

索引中只要有任意一个匹配拆分后词就可以出现在结果中，只是匹配都越高越的排越前面

GET /gb/_search
{
"query": {
"match": {
"name":"wangwu"
}
}
}