Django之restframework2视图三部曲

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视图三部曲

下面我来来看restframework是如何将冗余的代码一步步的进行封装.

这里主要用到的是多继承

第一步mixin类编写视图

AuthorModelSerializer:

class AuthorModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model=models.Author
fields='__all__'

from rest_framework import mixins,generics
class Authors(mixins.ListModelMixin,mixins.CreateModelMixin,generics.GenericAPIView):
queryset = models.Author.objects.all()
serializer_class = AuthorModelSerializer def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
return self.list(request,*args,**kwargs) def post(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
return self.create(request,*args,**kwargs)class AuthorsDetailView(mixins.RetrieveModelMixin,mixins.UpdateModelMixin,mixins.DestroyModelMixin,generics.GenericAPIView):
queryset = models.Author.objects.all()
serializer_class = AuthorModelSerializer
def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
return self.retrieve(request,*args,**kwargs) def put(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
return self.update(request,*args,**kwargs) def delete(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
return self.delete(request,*args,**kwargs)

第二部使用通用的基于类的视图

from rest_framework import genericsclass Authors(generics.ListCreateAPIView):
queryset = models.Author.objects.all()
serializer_class = AuthorModelSerializerclass AuthorsDetailView(generics.RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView):
queryset = models.Author.objects.all()
serializer_class = AuthorModelSerialize# class ListCreateAPIView(mixins.ListModelMixin,
# mixins.CreateModelMixin,
# GenericAPIView):
# class RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView(mixins.RetrieveModelMixin,
# mixins.UpdateModelMixin,
# mixins.DestroyModelMixin,
# GenericAPIView):

通过使用mixin类，我们使用更少的代码重写了这些视图，但我们还可以再进一步。REST框架提供了一组已经混合好（mixed-in）的通用视图，我们可以使用它来简化我们的views.py模块。

到这里是第二部,但是我们还是需要实例化两个类来对应两个url,为什么要实例两个类,因为每个类都有get方法,

如果不写两个类,怎么知道走哪个get方法?

第三部viewsets.ModelViewSet

url部分

path('authors/', views.AuthorModelView.as_view({'get':'list','post':'create'}),name='authors'),
re_path(r'^authors/(?P<pk>\d+)/$', views.AuthorModelView.as_view({'get':'retrieve',
'put':'update',
'delete':'destroy'}),name='authors_detail'),

##############流程########
from rest_framework import viewsets
class AuthorModelView(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
ModelViewSet--->GenericViewSet--->ViewSetMixin----在这个类下执行了as_view
for method, action in actions.items():
#as_view后面的参数倍循环后得到了请求key,相对应的方法values
handler = getattr(self, action) # handler -->getattr(self,list) self--->自己写的类AuthorModelView
setattr(self, method, handler) #setattr(self,get,self.list) self.get---->执行self.list

view:

from rest_framework import viewsets
class AuthorModelView(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
queryset = models.Author.objects.all()
serializer_class = AuthorModelSerializer

认证组件

局部视图认证:

在app01.authented.py:

from rest_framework.authentication import BaseAuthentication
from app01 import models
from rest_framework.exceptions import AuthenticationFailedclass AuthentiCate(BaseAuthentication): def authenticate(self, request):
token=request.GET.get('token')
token_obj=models.Token.objects.filter(token=token).first() if not token_obj:
raise AuthenticationFailed('认证失败')
return token_obj.user.username,token_obj

在views.py：

def get_random_str(user):
import hashlib,time
ctime=str(time.time()) md5=hashlib.md5(bytes(user,encoding="utf8"))
md5.update(bytes(ctime,encoding="utf8")) return md5.hexdigest()from app01.authented import AuthentiCatefrom rest_framework import viewsets
class AuthorModelView(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
##*******************###
authentication_classes = [AuthentiCate]
##*******************###
queryset = models.Author.objects.all()
serializer_class = AuthorModelSerializerclass LoginView(APIView): def post(self,request):
ret={'status_code':1000,'msg':None}
try:
username=request.data.get('username')
pwd=request.data.get('pwd') user=models.User.objects.filter(username=username,pwd=pwd).first()
if user:
radom_str=get_random_str(user.username)
models.Token.objects.update_or_create(user=user,defaults={'token':radom_str})
ret['token']=radom_str
else:
ret['status_code']=1001
ret['msg']='用户名密码错误'
except Exception as e:
res["code"] = 1002
res["msg"] = e return Response(data=ret)

全局视图认证组件:

在settings的配置:

REST_FRAMEWORK={
"DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES":["app01.authented.AuthentiCate",]
}

权限组件

局部权限组件:

在app01.service.permissions.py中：

from rest_framework.permissions import BasePermission
class SVIPPermission(BasePermission):
message="SVIP才能访问!"
def has_permission(self, request, view):
if request.user.user_type==3:
return True
return False

views:

from app01.service.permissions import *class BookViewSet(generics.ListCreateAPIView):
permission_classes = [SVIPPermission,]
queryset = Book.objects.all()
serializer_class = BookSerializers

全局视图权限

settings.py配置如下：

REST_FRAMEWORK={
"DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES":["app01.service.auth.Authentication",],
"DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES":["app01.service.permissions.SVIPPermission",]
}

如果想添加白名单,在该类下加上permission_classes =[ ]源码找的时候就会先找这里

throttle(访问频率)组件

局部视图throttle:

在app01.service.throttles.py中：

from rest_framework.throttling import BaseThrottleVISIT_RECORD={}
class VisitThrottle(BaseThrottle): def __init__(self):
self.history=None def allow_request(self,request,view):
remote_addr = request.META.get('REMOTE_ADDR')
print(remote_addr)
import time
ctime=time.time() if remote_addr not in VISIT_RECORD:
VISIT_RECORD[remote_addr]=[ctime,]
return True history=VISIT_RECORD.get(remote_addr)
self.history=history while history and history[-1]<ctime-60:
history.pop() if len(history)<3:
history.insert(0,ctime)
return True
else:
return False def wait(self):
import time
ctime=time.time()
return 60-(ctime-self.history[-1])

在views.py中：

from app01.service.throttles import *class BookViewSet(generics.ListCreateAPIView):
throttle_classes = [VisitThrottle,]
queryset = Book.objects.all()
serializer_class = BookSerializers

全局视图的throttle

内置的throttle类

class VisitThrottle(SimpleRateThrottle): scope="visit_rate"
def get_cache_key(self, request, view): return self.get_ident(request)

settings.py设置：

REST_FRAMEWORK={
"DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES":["app01.service.auth.Authentication",],
"DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES":["app01.service.permissions.SVIPPermission",],
"DEFAULT_THROTTLE_CLASSES":["app01.service.throttles.VisitThrottle",],
"DEFAULT_THROTTLE_RATES":{
"visit_rate":"5/m",
}
}

解析器

from rest_framework.parsers import JSONParser,FormParser
class PublishViewSet(generics.ListCreateAPIView):
########################
parser_classes = [FormParser,JSONParser]
############################
queryset = Publish.objects.all()
serializer_class = PublshSerializers
def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
print("request.data",request.data)
return self.create(request, *args, **kwargs)

全局:

URL的编写

from django.conf.urls import url, include
from rest_framework import routers
from tutorial.quickstart import viewsrouter = routers.DefaultRouter()
router.register(r'authors', views.AuthorsViewSet)urlpatterns = [
url(r'^', include(router.urls)),

只要注册了router.register,就会有相对应的

path('authors/',views.AuthorModelView.as_view({'get':'list','post':'create'}),name='authors'),
re_path(r'^authors/(?P<pk>\d+)/$',views.AuthorModelView.as_view({'get':'retrieve','put':'update','delete':'destroy'}),name='authors_detail'),

并且还相应的增加了其他两条restframework的测试url

分页

分页之自定义:

第一版:

from rest_framework.pagination import PageNumberPagination
class Mypagination(PageNumberPagination):
page_size = 1
page_query_param = 'page'
page_size_query_param = "size"
max_page_size = 5class BookView(APIView):
# authentication_classes = [TokenAuth,] # [TokenAuth(),]
# permission_classes = []
# throttle_classes = [] def get(self,request):
book_list=Book.objects.all() # 分页 pnp=Mypagination()
books_page=pnp.paginate_queryset(book_list,request,self) bs=BookModelSerializers(books_page,many=True,context={'request': request})
return Response(bs.data)

分页之最终版:

from rest_framework.pagination import PageNumberPagination
class Mypagination(PageNumberPagination):
page_size = 1
page_query_param = 'page'
page_size_query_param = "size"
max_page_size = 5from rest_framework import viewsets
class AuthorModelView(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
queryset = models.Author.objects.all()
serializer_class = AuthorModelSerializer
pagination_class = Mypagination

偏移分页

from rest_framework.pagination import LimitOffsetPagination

版本的设置

1.设置settings:

REST_FRAMEWORK={
'DEFAULT_VERSIONING_CLASS':'rest_framework.versioning.URLPathVersioning',#路由配置版本
'DEFAULT_VERSION':'v1', #默认的版本
'ALLOWED_VERSIONS':['v1','v2'], #允许的版本
'VERSION_PARAM':'version', # 版本参数

2.设置路由:
分发的时候设置:

urlpatterns = [
path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
re_path(r'^api/(?P<version>\w+)/', include('api.urls')),
]

3.获取版本:

request.version #获取版本

跨域请求CORS

CORS:
解决跨域的时候是加上特殊的响应头
jsonp跨域只能是get请求,
cors可以发送post和get请求.配置中间件
from django.utils.deprecation import MiddlewareMixin
class CORSMiddleware(MiddlewareMixin):
def process_response(self,request,response):
#添加响应头
# 允许你的域名来获取我的数据
# 允许所有的域名来获取数据
response['Access-Control-Allow-Origin']='*' # 允许你携带Content-Type请求头如果要多的用逗号,隔开
response['Access-Control-Allow-Headers']='Content-Type' # 允许你发送DELETE,和PUT
response['Access-Control-Allow-Methods']='DELETE,PUT' return response
#setting里配置
MIDDLEWARE = [
'api.cors.CORSMiddleware',
]

restful规范猛击!